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Radar-based Characteristics and Formation Environment of Supercells in the Landfalling Typhoon Mujigae in 2015

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第5期39卷 802-818页

作者： Lanqiang BAI Zhiyong MENG Ruilin ZHOU Guixing CHEN Naigeng WU wai-kin wong School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean SystemMinistry of Educationand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510640China Hong Kong Observatory Hong Kong 999077China

This study presents the radar-based characteristics and formation environment of supercells spawned by the tornadic landfalling Typhoon Mujigae(2015)in October *** than 100 supercells were identified within a 24-hour period around the time of the typhoon’s landfall,of which three were tornadic with a rotational intensity clearly stronger than those of non-tornadic *** identified supercells were concentrated within a relatively small area in the northeast quadrant beyond 140 km from the typhoon *** supercells were found more likely to form over flat topography and were difficult to maintain in mountainous *** the study period,more supercells formed offshore than *** mesocyclones of the identified supercells were characterized by a small diameter generally less than 5 km and a shallow depth generally less than 4 km above ground *** environmental analysis revealed that the northeast quadrant had the most favorable conditions for the genesis of supercell in this typhoon *** nondimensional supercell composite parameter(SCP)and entraining-SCP(E-SCP)were effective in separating supercell from non-supercell *** though the atmosphere in the typhoon’s northeast quadrant was characterized by an E-SCP/SCP value supportive of supercell organization,orography was an impeditive factor for the supercell *** findings support the use of traditional parameters obtained from midlatitude supercells to assess the supercell potential in a tropical cyclone envelope.

关键词： supercell tropical cyclone atmospheric environment radar meteorology

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Verification of tropical cyclones(TC)wind structure forecasts from global NWP models and ensemble prediction systems(EPSs)

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2022年第2期11卷 88-102页

作者： Xiaoqin Lu wai kin wong kin Chung Au-Yeung Chun Wing Choy Hui Yu Shanghai Typhoon Institute and Laboratory of Typhoon Forecast Technique China Meteorological AdministrationShanghaiChina Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina

Forecasting wind structure of tropical cyclone(TC)is vital in assessment of impact due to high winds using Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP)*** usual verification technique on TC wind structure forecasts are based on grid-to-grid comparisons between forecast field and the actual ***,precision of traditional verification measures is easily affected by small scale errors and thus cannot well discriminate the accuracy or effectiveness of NWP model *** this study,the Method for Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation(MODE),which has been widely adopted in verifying precipitation fields,is utilized in TC’s wind field verification for the first *** TC wind field forecast of deterministic NWP model and Ensemble Prediction System(EPS)of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)over the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2020 were evaluated.A MODE score of 0.5 is used as a threshold value to represent a skillful(or good)*** is found that the R34(radius of 34 knots)wind field structure forecasts within 72 h are good regardless of DET or *** performance of R50 and R64 is slightly worse but the R50 forecasts within 48 h remain good,with MODE exceeded *** R64forecast within 48 h are worth for reference as well with MODE of around *** study states that the TC wind field structure forecast by ECMWF is skillful for TCs over the western North Pacific and the South China Sea.

关键词： Verification Tropical cyclones wind structure forecasts Numerical weather prediction models Ensemble prediction system

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Long-Term Trends in Pre-Summer Daytime and Nocturnal Extreme Hourly Rainfall in a Coastal City of South China

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2023年第1期29卷 39-54页

作者：苏琳李俊鲁黄伟健冯志雄 School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)ZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmospheric-Ocean System Ministry of EducationZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Earth OceanAtmosphere Sciences ThrustThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou):Guangzhou 511453 China Hong Kong Observatory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(SAR)China Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SARChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SARChina

The long-term trends in the occurrence frequency of pre-summer daytime and nocturnal extreme hourly rainfall(EXHR) during 1988-2018 in Hong Kong and their spatial distributions are examined and analyzed. Despite a significant increasing trend observed in the occurrence frequency of pre-summer EXHRs during the investigated period,the increase in daytime and nocturnal EXHRs show distinct spatial patterns. Nocturnal EXHRs show uniform increasing trends over the entire Hong Kong. However, the increase in daytime EXHRs is concentrated over the northern or eastern areas of Hong Kong, indicating a downstream shift of pre-summer EXHRs in Hong Kong with regard to the prevailing southwesterly monsoonal flows in south China. The clustering of weather types associated with daytime and nocturnal EXHRs further reveals that the increase in EXHRs over Hong Kong are mainly contributed by the increase of the events associated with southwesterly monsoonal flows with relatively high speeds. During the past few decades, the southwesterly monsoonal flows at coastal south China have undergone a substantial weakening due to the increased surface roughness induced by the urbanization over the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area since 1990s,leading to enhanced low-level convergence and thus significant increase in EXHRs at coastal south China. Meanwhile,daytime sea-wind circulation at coastal south China is markedly enhanced during the investigated period, which is the main reason for the northward shift of daytime EXHRs in Hong Kong. In addition, the blocked southwesterly monsoonal flows at coastal south China are detoured eastward, leading to stronger convergence and increase in EXHRs at eastern coast of Hong Kong, especially during daytime, when the easterly sea winds prevail at the region.

关键词： extreme hourly rainfall diurnal rainfall cycle linear trend coastal Pearl River Delta

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Insights on advanced substrates for controllable fabrication of photoanodes toward efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 164-221页

作者： Huilin Hou Gang Shao Yang Wang wai‐Yeung wong Weiyou Yang Institute of Micro/Nano Materials and Devices Ningbo University of TechnologyNingboChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Conversion of solar energy into H_(2) by photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is recognized as an ideal way to address the growing energy crisis and environmental *** a typical PEC cell,the construction of photoanodes is crucial to guarantee the high efficiency and stability of PEC reactions,which fundamentally rely on rationally designed semiconductors(as the active materials)and substrates(as the current collectors).In this review work,we start with a brief introduction of the roles of substrates in the PEC ***,we provide a systematic overview of representative strategies for the controlled fabrication of photoanodes on rationally designed substrates,including conductive glass,metal,sapphire,silicon,silicon carbide,and flexible ***,some prospects concerning the challenges and research directions in this area are proposed.

关键词： hydrogen photoanode photoelectrochemical substrates water splitting

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PROGRESS IN HONG KONG'S TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECASTING AND WARNING SERVICES IN RECENT DECADES

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2018年第1期7卷 37-50页

作者： wai-kin wong CHUN-WING CHOY Hong Kong Observatory

With modern infrastructures and effective warning systems,casualties,damages and losses due to tropicalcyclones(TCs)have been significantly reduced over the years in Hong ***,densely populated coastal cities like Hong Kong will need to continuously enhance its resilience to high winds,heavy rain and storm surges brought by TCs,especially with the growing concern of the challenges induced by climate change and sea level *** embracing the advance of remote sensing,communication and numerical modelling technology,the Hong Kong Observatory(HKO)continues to improve its TC monitoring and forecasting techniques as well as forecasting and warning services to meet the needs of the *** paper concisely reviews the major development and achievement of TC-related operation and services of HKO in recent decades,in aspects such as Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP)models,nowcasting techniques,warning communication and public *** thrusts on TC forecasting and warning services of HKO will also be discussed.

关键词： Hong Kong Observatory tropical cyclones forecasting and warning services

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MXenes and heterostructures-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction:Recent developments and future outlook

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 176-206页

作者： Abdul Hanan Hafiz Taimoor Ahmed Awan Faiza Bibi Raja Rafidah Raja Sulaiman wai Yin wong Rashmi Walvekar Seema Singh Mohammad Khalid Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology(SCEEST) School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo.5 Jalan UniversitiBandar Sunway47500 Petaling JayaSelangorMalaysia Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Innovation and Technology School of EngineeringChemical Engineering ProgrammeNo.1 Jalan Taylor’sTaylor’s University Malaysia47500 Subang JayaSelangorMalaysia Chitkara Centre for Research and Development Chitkara UniversityHimachal Pradesh 174103India School of Applied and Life Sciences Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunUttarakhand 248007India Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Centre of Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara UniversityPunjab 140401India

The increasing focus on electrocatalysis for sustainable hydrogen(H_(2))production has prompted significant interest in MXenes,a class of two-dimensional(2D)materials comprising metal carbides,carbonitrides,and *** materials exhibit intriguing chemical and physical properties,including excellent electrical conductivity and a large surface area,making them attractive candidates for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).This scientific review explores recent advancements in MXene-based electrocatalysts for HER *** discusses various compositions,functionalities,and explicit design principles while providing a comprehensive overview of synthesis methods,exceptional properties,and electro-catalytic approaches for H_(2) production via electrochemical ***,challenges and future prospects in designing MXenes-based electrocatalysts with enhanced kinetics are highlighted,emphasizing the potential of incorporating different metals to expand the scope of electrochemical *** review suggests possible efforts for developing advanced MXenes-based electrocatalysts,particularly for efficient H_(2) generation through electrochemical water-splitting reactions..

关键词： MXenes Electrocatalyst Water Splitting Hydrogen Generation Clean Energy

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Prevalence and risk factors for impaired renal function among Asian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 241-248页

作者： Chao Sun George Boon-Bee Goh Wan-Cheng Chow Wah-Kheong Chan Grace Lai-Hung wong wai-Kay Seto Yi-Hsiang Huang Han-Chieh Lin I-Cheng Lee Hye Won Lee Seung Up Kim Vincent wai-Sun wong Jian-Gao Fan Center for Fatty Liver Disease Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionShanghai 200092China Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Singapore General HospitalSingaporeSingapore Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwanChina Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwanChina Faculty of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with impaired renal function,and both diseases often occur alongside other metabolic ***,the prevalence and risk factors for impaired renal function in patients with NAFLD remain *** objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors for renal impairment in NAFLD ***:All adults aged 18-70 years with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD and transient elastography examination from eight Asian centers were enrolled in this prospective *** fibrosis and cirrhosis were assessed by FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase(FAST),Agile 3+and Agile 4 *** renal function and chronic kidney disease(CKD)were defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)with value of<90 mL/min/1.73 m^(2) and<60 mL/min/1.73 m^(2),respectively,as estimated by the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPI)***:Among 529 included NAFLD patients,the prevalence rates of impaired renal function and CKD were 37.4%and 4.9%,*** multivariate analysis,a moderate-high risk of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis according to Agile 3+and Agile 4 scores were independent risk factors for CKD(P<0.05).Furthermore,increased fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and blood pressure were significantly associated with impaired renal function after controlling for the other components of metabolic syndrome(P<0.05).Compared with patients with normoglycemia,those with prediabetes[FPG≥5.6 mmol/L or hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)≥5.7%]were more likely to have impaired renal function(P<0.05).Conclusions:Agile 3+and Agile 4 are reliable for identifying NAFLD patients with high risk of *** glycemic control in the prediabetic stage might have a potential renoprotective role in these patients.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Impaired renal function Agile 3+ Agile 4 Metabolic syndrome

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A case of secretory breast carcinoma with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene during childhood

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镜湖医学 2024年第1期24卷 62-63,F0004页

作者： TAI wai Meng CHAN kin Iong wong Peng Hong XU De Li WEN Jian Ming Department of Pathology Kiang Wu HospitalMacao SARChina Department of Surgery Kiang Wu HospitalMacao SARChina

Secretory carcinoma is a rare breast *** report a case of secretory carcinoma occurred in childhood.A 7-year-old girl had a history of a mass in the breast for 4 *** tumor grew slowly and well circumscribed,mimicking benign lesions on *** breast lumpectomy,a diagnosis of secretory carcinoma was made based on its histological morphology,immunohistochemical reaction,and molecular ***,we report the process of diagnosis,and treatment of this rare case.

关键词： diagnosis carcinoma lesions

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Casein kinase-2 inhibition promotes retinal ganglion cell survival after acute intraocular pressure elevation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1112-1118页

作者： Meng Wang Shi-Qi Yao Yao Huang Jia-Jian Liang Yanxuan Xu Shaowan Chen Yuhang Wang Tsz kin Ng wai Kit Chu Qi Cui Ling-Ping Cen Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong ShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina Shantou University Medical College ShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Intraocular pressure elevation can induce retinal ganglion cell death and is a clinically reversible risk factor for glaucoma,the leading cause of irreversible *** previously demonstrated that casein kinase-2 inhibition can promote retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration in rats after optic nerve *** investigate the underlying mechanism,in the current study we increased the intraocular pressure of adult rats to 75 mmHg for 2 hours and then administered a casein kinase-2 inhibitor(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole)by intravitreal *** found that intravitreal injection of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole promoted retinal ganglion cell survival and reduced the number of infiltrating *** analysis showed that the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway was involved in the response to intraocular pressure elevation but was not modulated by the casein kinase-2 ***,casein kinase-2 inhibition downregulated the expression of genes(Cck,Htrsa,Nef1,Htrlb,Prph,Chat,Slc18a3,Slc5a7,Scn1b,Crybb2,Tsga10ip,and Vstm21)involved in intraocular pressure *** data indicate that inhibition of casein kinase-2 can enhance retinal ganglion cell survival in rats after acute intraocular pressure elevation via macrophage inactivation.

关键词： casein kinase-2 glaucoma intraocular pressure elevation macrophages retinal ganglion cells

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Science and prediction of monsoon heavy rainfall

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Science Bulletin 2019年第21期64卷 1557-1561页

作者： Yali Luo Liye Li Richard HJohnson Chih-Pei Chang Lianshou Chen wai-kin wong Jing Chen Kalli Furtado John LMcBride Ajit Tyagi Nanette Lomarda Thierry Lefort Esperanza O.Cayanan State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China HIWeather International Coordination Office Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO 80523USA Naval Postgraduate School MontereyCA 93943USA Hong Kong Observatory.Hong Kong 999077 China Numerical Prediction Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Met Office ExeterDevon EXI 3PBUK Bureau of Meteorology MelbourneVictoria 3001Australia India Meteorological Department Noida 201303India World Weather Research Division World Meteorological OrganizationGeneva 1211Switzerland Meteo-France Toulouse 31000France Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Quezon City 1100Philippines

With the increasing incidence of heavy rainfall events,particularly over the monsoon regions,the highly dense populations are more vulnerable[1].Research initiatives on observation,modeling,and prediction of monsoon heavy rainfall have been promoted actively by World Weather Research Programme's(WWRP)Working Group on Tropical Meteorology Research(WGTMR)of the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)since *** of monsoon-heavy-rainfall workshops were held in Beijing(2011),Petaling Jaya(2012),and New Delhi(2015)to benefit scientists worldwide and forecasters from the National Meteorological and Hydrological *** international Research and Development Project,namely,the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment(SCMREX)[2]was established in 2013 to coordinate field campaign experiments and to conduct scientific research on presummer(April-June)heavy rainfall processes in southern China.

关键词： China. rainfall monsoon

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