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Mycobacteria Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number of Tandem Repeat, Spoligotyping and Drug Resistance of Isolates from Pulmonary Tuberculosois Patients in Kenya

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Advances in Microbiology 2017年第3期7卷 205-216页

作者： Perpetual w. Ndungu Samuel Kariuki Gunturu Revathi Zipporah ng’ang’a Stefan Niemann Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya National Reference Centre for Mycobacteria Forschungszentrim Borstel Germany

Background: Molecular typing allows a rapid and precise species differentiation and is essential in investigating the spread of specific genotypes and any relationship with drug resistance. Methodology: To compare the discrimination power of 24-loci Mycobacteria interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) to spoligotyping in determining the circulating genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kenya, a total of 204 isolates were typed. Results: Spoligotyping identified 22 spoligo lineages;while 36(17.6%) isolates were not determined. MIRU-VNTR typing identified 12 genotypes;Kenya H37_Rv_ like, S-like that had never been reported before and which were not identified by spoligotyping were identified. Others were Uganda I and II, LAM, Beijing, TUR, EAI, Delhi/C, S and Haarlem. Only 8 (3.9%) were not defined by MIRU-VNTR. Delhi/CAS, EAI, S, S-like, LAM and Beijing had strains that showed resistance to all the five drugs tested. Two strains of EAI and 2 of S genotypes were resistant to all the five drugs tested. Beijing genotype commonly associated with drug resistance was found to be third in drug resistance (14.7%) after Delhi/CAS (28.9%) and LAM (17.6%) with the highest resistance towards isoniazid and pyrazinamide (3.9% each). MIRU-VNTR typing was more discriminative than spoligotyping;identifying 10 unique H37_Rv-like isolates designated KeniaH37_Rv_like genotype and 14 S-like genotype. Conclusion: MIRU-VNTR typing has not been reported in any other study in Kenya and its higher discrimination can help identify genotypes that cannot be determined by spoligotyping. Association of Beijing genotype drug resistance particularly isoniazid should be of concern since it may result in multidrug resistance in the patients.

关键词： Tuberculosis MIRU-VNTR Typing Spoligotyping

A Numerical Study on Turbulent Oscillatory Plane Couette Flow

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A Numerical Study on Turbulent Oscillatory Plane Couette Flo...

Genome Alignment Spanning Major Poaceae Lineages Reveals Heterogeneous Evolutionary Rates and Alters Inferred Dates for KeyEvolutionary Events

第十七届全国水动力学研讨会暨第六届全国水动力学学术会议

作者： Emily w．M．Ho C．O．ng The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam RoadHong Kong The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam RoadHong Kong

＜正＞In this paper we investigate the turbulent structures and transport of heat in oscillatory plane Couette flow at Reynolds number = 5,000 by solving the unsteady incompressible Navier - Stokes equations directly. This flow consists of a working fluid sandwiched between a lower stationary wall and an upper wall moving with a prescribed velocity u =U+AUsin（2πft） , which is a combination of steady and oscillating components. with different velocity ratios A , the turbulence characteristics in steady and oscillatory Couette flows are studied.

关键词： plane Couette flow direct numerical simulation

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Molecular Plant 2015年第6期8卷 885-898页

作者： Xiyin wa ng Jingpeng wang Dianchuan Jin Hui Guo Tae-Ho Lee Tao Liu Andrew H. Paterson Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory University of Athens GA 30602 USA Center for Genomics and Computational Biology North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan Hebei 063000 China College of Life Sciences North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan Hebei 063000 China College of Sciences North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan Hebei 063000 China Department of Plant Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Department of Crop and Soil Science University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Multiple comparisons among genomes can clarify their evolution, speciation, and functional innova- tions. To date, the genome sequences of eight grasses representing the most economically important Poaceae （grass） clades have been published, and their genomic-level comparison is an essential foundation for evolutionary, functional, and translational research. Using a formal and conservative approach, we aligned these genomes. Direct comparison of paralogous gene pairs all duplicated simultaneously reveal striking variation in evolutionary rates among whole genomes, with nucleotide substitution slowest in rice and up to 48% faster in other grasses, adding a new dimension to the value of rice as a grass model. we reconstructed ancestral genome contents for major evolutionary nodes, potentially contributing to understanding the divergence and speciation of grasses. Recent fossil evidence suggests revisions of the estimated dates of key evolutionary events, implying that the pan-grass polyploidization occurred ~96 million years ago and could not be related to the Creta- ceous-Tertiary mass extinction as previously inferred. Adjusted dating to reflect both updated fossil evidence and lineage-specific evolutionary rates suggested that maize subgenome divergence and maize-sorghum divergence were virtually simultaneous, a coincidence that would be explained if poly- ploidization directly contributed to speciation. This work lays a solid foundation for Poaceae transla- tional genomics.

关键词： grasses polyploidy genome alignment evolutionary rates whole-genome duplication

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图书馆的历史分期

四川图书馆学报 1999年第4期 58-62页

作者：王嘉陵四川省图书馆

文章提出了图书馆历史分期的划分标准，运用这些标准将图书馆的历史划分为古代、现代和后现代，并论述了它们的特征及其形成的原因。

关键词：图书馆史分期标准历史分期

重视分配公平与消费合理—贺《消费经济》创刊20周年

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消费经济 2005年第6期21卷 3-4页

作者：卫兴华中国人民大学经济学院北京100872

新的中央领导集体近年来强调应重视社会公平,并指出:社会公平的内涵包括权利公平、机会公平、规则公平、分配公平.特别是党的十六届五中全会以中共中央建议的形式明确指出:"合理调节收入分配,注重社会公平,特别要关注就业机会和分配过... 详细信息

新的中央领导集体近年来强调应重视社会公平,并指出:社会公平的内涵包括权利公平、机会公平、规则公平、分配公平.特别是党的十六届五中全会以中共中央建议的形式明确指出:"合理调节收入分配,注重社会公平,特别要关注就业机会和分配过程的公平".我们知道,重视分配"过程"的公平,才有分配"结果"的公平.为实现这一公平,提出了原则性措施:加大调节收入分配的力度,强化对分配结果的监管,逐步提高最低生活保障和最低工资标准,认真解决低收入群众的住房、医疗和子女就学等困难问题等.

关键词：分配公平创刊20周年消费经济收入分配问题社会公平中央领导集体最低工资标准最低生活保障收入分配差距温家宝总理

Body weight growth Model of Datong Yak in Qinghai

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中国草食动物 2005年第Z2期25卷 32-34页

作者： w.Minqiang zh.Huiling L.Pingli T.Yongqiang L.Jiye L.Zonglin Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Pharmaceutics Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou 730050 Gansu P. R. China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest Agriculture and Forester University Yanglin712100 Shannxi P. R. China Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and PharmaceuticsChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou 730050 Gansu P. R. China College of Animal Science and VeterinaryGansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070 Gansu P. R. China Datong Yak Breeding FarmDatong 810102 QinghaiP. R. China Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and PharmaceuticsChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou 730050 Gansu P. R. China

Summary:This study was conducted to develop a suitable model for describing the growth pattern of the yak. The data used consisted of body weight records of 76 growing yak aged between 5 to 37 months. Three mathematical models were applied to describe the growth curves during this development period:①Y1=20.105 + 11. 250x-0. 526x2 ;used for describing the growth curve of yak aged 5 to 13 months;②Y2 = -359.687 + 49. 977x - 1. 249x2 ;used for animals aged 13 to 25 months;and ③Y3 = -833. 339 + 63. 772x - 1. 019x2 ;used for animals aged 25 to 37 months.

关键词： Growth Mathematical model Yak

The novel male meiosis recombination regulator coordinates the progression of meiosis prophase Ⅰ

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2020年第8期47卷 449-464页

作者： Miao Li Haiwei Feng Zexiong Lin Jiahuan zh.ng Dongteng Liu Rui Guo Junshi Li Raymond H.w.Li Ernest H.Y.ng Michael S.Y.Huen P.Jeremy wang william S.B.Yeung Kui Liu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation Center of Assisted Reproduction and EmbryologyThe University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518000China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaPA19104USA School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China

Meiosis is a specialized cell division for producing haploid gametes in sexually reproducing *** this study,we have independently identified a novel meiosis protein male meiosis recombination regulator(MAMERR)/4930432 K21 Rik and showed that it is indispensable for meiosis prophase I progression in male *** super-resolution structured illumination microscopy,we found that MAMERR functions at the same double-strand breaks as the replication protein A and meiosis-specific with OB domains/spermatogenesis associated 22 *** generated a Mamerr-deficient mouse model by deleting exons 3 e6 and found that most of Mamerrà/àspermatocytes were arrested at pachynema and failed to progress to diplonema,although they exhibited almost intact synapsis and progression to the pachytene stage along with XY body *** mechanistic studies revealed that the recruitment of DMC1/RAD51 and heat shock factor 2 ebinding protein in Mamerrà/àspermatocytes was only mildly impaired with a partial reduction in double-strand break repair,whereas a substantial reduction in ubiquitination on the autosomal axes and on the XY body appeared as a major phenotype in Mamerrà/à*** propose that MAMERR may participate in meiotic prophase I progression by regulating the ubiquitination of key meiotic proteins on autosomes and XY chromosomes,and in the absence of MAMERR,the repressed ubiquitination of key meiotic proteins leads to pachytene arrest and cell death.

关键词： Meiosis 4930432K21Rik Recombination Ubiquitination

The Implications of the Timing of Diagnosis of Dementia on the Dementia Caregiver

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2016年第4期5卷 143-154页

作者： Kenneth K. w. ng Melinda Martin-Khan Maree Farrow Elizabeth Beattie Nancy A. Pachana Centre for Research in Geriatric Medicine Faculty of Medicine School of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Queensland Health Sunshine Coast Hospital & Health Service Nambour Australia Centre for Online Health Faculty of Medicine School of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre University of Tasmania Hobart Australia Faculty of Health School of Nursing Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia School of Psychology The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

This is a consumer-reference feedback and feasibility testing of a protocol to obtain qualitative responses of co-residing caregivers to questions regarding the timing of dementia diagnosis and their experience of the disclosure of a diagnosis of dementia. Data collection involved focus group discussions and individual phone interviews of a convenience sample (N = 5) of an Alzheimer’s Australia state based Consumer Advisory Committee. Thematic analysis utilised the Leximancer software. Consumer feedback suggested a reordering of the interview questions and reversing the data collection sequence to reduce the emotional impact on participants. Suggestions were offered to limit the number of participants in the focus group to shorten the duration of the focus group session to prevent fatigue and to provide a support person to improve participant focus group comfort. Responses to the interview questions indicated caregivers retrospectively considered a timely diagnosis would have provided useful dementia-focused planning, reduced the difficulties of living with uncertainty and would have provided more time to obtain information and support. There were strong expectations for medical practitioners to be sensitive to the possibility of dementia and to be cognisant of the diagnostic concerns of caregivers. The diagnosis of dementia and its timing is important to the dementia caregiver in providing an explanation of the problems experienced and allowing earlier organisation of care, future planning and caregiver education to reduce the difficulties of living with undiagnosed and unrecognised dementia.

关键词： Caregiver Timing Diagnosis Dementia Co-Residing

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平行盾构开挖离心机模拟试验研究

岩土工程学报 2017年第2期39卷 373-379页

作者：缪林昌王非吴宏伟吕虎东南大学交通学院江苏南京210096 香港科技大学土木学院

通过离心模型试验模拟平行盾构隧道近接开挖施工,研究了盾构隧道近接开挖对既有隧道结构内力、管片变形和地表沉降的变化规律。结果表明:1隧道开挖引起地表沉降的大小与开挖的步骤有关,而沉降槽的范围基本不变;2既有隧道靠近新建隧道一... 详细信息

通过离心模型试验模拟平行盾构隧道近接开挖施工,研究了盾构隧道近接开挖对既有隧道结构内力、管片变形和地表沉降的变化规律。结果表明:1隧道开挖引起地表沉降的大小与开挖的步骤有关,而沉降槽的范围基本不变;2既有隧道靠近新建隧道一侧受拉,这一侧弯矩出现负增量,侧向土压力也有一定的减小,且既有隧道直径水平向变大,而垂向直径基本不受影响;3由于土拱效应,新建隧道已完成开挖部分管片拱顶的土压力随开挖进程先减小后增大;4采用地层结构法可以准确模拟隧道开挖过程的隧道结构力学特性与变形规律。

关键词：平行盾构隧道临近开挖离心模型试验