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Propofol with Varied Functions: A Potential Therapeutic Opportunity for Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting and Pruritus—A Narrative Review

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第2期14卷 13-24页

作者： Thomas w. Anabah Fidelis Bayor David z. Kolbila Terence Kunfire Dakurah Sylvanus Kampo Juventus B. z.em Anaesthesia Unit Habana Medical Services Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesiology Lawra Municipal Hospital Ghana Health Service Lawra Ghana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Medical Microbiology School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Background: Despite the advances in anesthetics and non-pharmacological techniques, the prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in all patients remains high. It is one of the most common distressing symptoms that cause dissatisfaction among patients after anesthesia and surgery. A sub-hypnotic dose of propofol has been shown to reduce morphine-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. This review article will provide sufficient knowledge on the role of propofol in minimiz.ng opioid-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus by providing detailed information on propofol antiemetic and antipruritic effects, as well as discussions based on empirically available data. Method: we conducted a narrative review of the literature published between 1990 and 2023 from a range of databases;PubMed, BioMed Central, Biosis Previews, Nature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Springer-Link, and Elsevier. Discussion and Conclusion: The literatures reviewed in this study have demonstrated that propofol may have diverse therapeutic effects including antiemetic and antipruritic. The antiemetic effect of propofol may be an effective therapeutic approach for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The literature also demonstrated that the use of propofol for sedation during surgery may as well ameliorates opioids induced postoperative pruritus, which may be beneficial to surgical patients. Also, it was demonstrated that prophylactic use of propofol may be an effective way of preventing nausea and vomiting and pruritus during opioid use.

关键词： Propofol Nausea Vomiting Antiemetic Antipruritic Surgery

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RNA modifications in the progression of liver diseases:from fatty liver to cancer

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 2105-2119页

作者： Simiao Li wajahat z.Mehal Xinshou Ouyang Department of Internal Medicine Section of Digestive DiseasesYale University School of MedicineNew Haven CT 06520USA

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as a prominent global health concern associated with high risk of metabolic syndrome,and has impacted a substantial segment of the *** disease spectrum ranges from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and is increasingly becoming a prevalent indication for liver *** existing therapeutic options for NAFLD,NASH,and HCC are limited,underscoring the urgent need for innovative treatment *** into gene expression,particularly RNA modifications such as N6methyladenosine(m^(6)A),hold promising avenues for *** modifications play integral roles in RNA metabolism and cellular functions,encompassing the entire NAFLD-NASH-HCC *** review will encompass recent insights on diverse RNA modifications,including m^(6)A,pseudouridine(Ψ),N^(1)-methyladenosine(m^(1)A),and 5-methylcytidine(m^(5)C)across various RNA *** will uncover their significance in crucial aspects such as steatosis,inflammation,fibrosis,and ***,prospective research directions and therapeutic implications will be explored,advancing our comprehensive understanding of the intricate interconnected nature of these pathological conditions.

关键词： m^(6)A RNA modification NASH NAFLD HCC fatty liver

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Construction of 2D/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/CdS heterojunction with photothermal effect for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 1-9页

作者： T.Y.Huang z.Yang S.Y.Yang z.H.Dai Y.J.Liu J.H.Liao G.Y.z.ong z.J.Xie Y.P.Fang S.S.z.ang Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510643China School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy SystemsDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

The insensitivity of semiconductors to visible and infrared light is a key constraint on the utiliz.tion of light energy in photocatalytic *** photocatalysts with full-spectrum absorption through surface engineering is an effective approach to fully harnessing light energy in semiconductor ***,a novel stable Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/CdS heterojunction catalyst is obtained by in-situ epitaxial growth of two-dimensional(2D)CdS nanosheets on 2D MXene interface via a solvothermal *** exceptional light absorption properties of MXene confer outstanding full-spectrum driven photocat-alytic hydrogen evolution capability upon the heterogeneous *** unique 2D/2D structure effectively mitigated the recombination of photogenerated carriers,enhancing the photocatalytic performance of the ***,the composite catalyst exhibits a significantly higher surface temperature of 80.4℃under visible light irradiation at an intensity of 0.1 w/cm^(2),which is 1.84 times higher than that of *** irradiation of visible and near infrared light,the composite catalyst with photothermal ef-fect demonstrates a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 65.4 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 7.2 times higher than that of CdS *** study introduces a novel approach for constructing full-spectrum absorption catalysts and expands the application of the photothermal effect in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution research.

关键词： Two-dimensional structure Heterostructure Photothermal effect Photocatalyst Hydrogen evolution

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Superexchange and charge transfer in the nickelate superconductor La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) under pressure

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第11期67卷 1-8页

作者： wéi wú z.ihui Luo Dao-Xin Yao Meng w.ng Center for Neutron Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and DevicesSchool of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Recently, a bulk nickelate superconductor La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) is discovered at pressures with a remarkable high transition temperature T_(c)~ 80 K. Here, we study a Hubbard model with tight-binding parameters derived from ab initio calculations of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7),by employing large scale determinant quantum Monte Carlo and cellular dynamical mean-field theory. Our result suggests that the superexchange couplings in this system are comparable to that of cuprates. The system is a charge transfer insulator as the hole concentration becomes four per site at large Hubbard U. Upon hole doping, two low-energy spin-singlet bands emerge in the system exhibiting distinct correlation properties: while the one composed of the out-of-plane Ni-d_(3z.(2)-r^(2)) and O-p_(z. orbitals demonstrates strong antiferromagnetic correlations and narrow effective bandwidth, the in-plane singlet band consisting of the Ni-d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) and O-p_(x)/p_(y) orbitals is in general more itinerant. Over a broad range of hole doping, the doped holes occupy primarily the d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) and p_(x)/p_(y) orbitals, whereas the d_(3z.(2)-r^(2)) and p_(z. orbitals retain underdoped. we propose an effective t-J model to capture the relevant physics and discuss the implications of our result for comprehending the La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) superconductivity.

关键词： superconductivity nickelate superconductors Hubbard model superexchange charge transfer insulator quantum Monte Carlo

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基于状态空间模型的激光再制造熔池温度控制系统

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表面工程与再制造 2024年第2期24卷 50-50页

作者： Yang G.-z. Liu T.-M. Song B.-X. Jiang X.-Y. w.ng z.-S. Chen K.-Q. Liu w.-J. School of Mechanical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China

激光再制造是用于再制造的一项重要技术,在航空航天、冶金、能源等领域应用广泛。然而,形状控制问题一直是制约其规模化和工业化应用的瓶颈。在激光再制造过程中,熔池温度是决定再制造件形状和性能稳定性的关键。基于此,本文提出了一种... 详细信息

激光再制造是用于再制造的一项重要技术,在航空航天、冶金、能源等领域应用广泛。然而,形状控制问题一直是制约其规模化和工业化应用的瓶颈。在激光再制造过程中,熔池温度是决定再制造件形状和性能稳定性的关键。基于此,本文提出了一种基于状态空间模型的激光再制造熔池温度实时在线控制方法,解决了控制机理模型难以建立和多变量约束的问题。

关键词：状态空间模型激光再制造熔池温度航空航天形状控制控制系统变量约束性能稳定性

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Composition Dependence of Surface Phonon Polariton Mode in wurtz.te InxGa1-xN （0 ≤ x ≤ 1） Ternary Alloy

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第12期25卷 4378-4380页

作者： S. S. ng z. Hassan H. Abu Hassan Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Minden Pulau Pinang Malaysia

we present a theoretical study on the composition dependence of the surface phonon polariton （SPP） mode in wurtz.te structure α-InxGa1-xN ternary alloy over the whole composition range. The SPP modes are obtained by the theoretical simulations by means of an anisotropy model. The results reveal that the SPP mode of α-InxGa1-xN semiconductors exhibits one-mode behaviour. From these data, composition dependence of the SPP mode with bow.ng parameter of-28.9 cm^-1 is theoretically obtained.

关键词： field emission molybdenum dioxide enhancement factor

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Rational molecular design of efficient yellow-red dendrimer TADF for solution-processed OLEDs: a combined effect of substitution position and strength of the donors

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1613-1623页

作者： Changfeng Si Dianming Sun Tomas Matulaitis David B.Cordes Alexandra M.z.Slawin Eli z.sman-Colman Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY169STUK

The development of high-performance solution-processed red organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) remains a challenge,particularly in terms of maintaining efficiency at high luminance. Here, we designed and synthesiz.d four novel orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) dendrimers that are solution-processable: 2GCz.BP, 2DPACz.BP, 2FBP2GCz.and 2FBP2DPACz. we systematically investigated the effect of substitution position and strength of donors on the optoelectronic properties. The reverse intersystem crossing rate constant(kRISC) of the emitters having donors substituted at positions 11and 12 of the dibenz.[a,c]phenaz.ne(BP) is more than 10-times faster than that of compounds substituted having donors substituted at positions 3 and 6. Compound 2DPACz.BP, containing stronger donors than 2GCz.BP, exhibits a red-shifted emission and smaller singlet-triplet energy splitting, ΔE_(ST), of 0.01 e V. The solution-processed OLED with 10 wt% 2DPACz.BP doped in m CP emitted at 640 nm and showed a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE_(max)) of 7.8%, which was effectively maintained out to a luminance of 1,000 cd m-2. Such a device's performance at relevant display luminance is among the highest for solution-processed red TADF OLEDs. The efficiency of the devices was improved significantly by using 4Cz.IPN as an assistant dopant in a hyperfluorescence(HF) configuration, where the 2DPACz.BP HF device shows an EQEmaxof 20.0% at λEL of 605 nm and remains high at 11.8% at a luminance of 1,000 cd m-2, which makes this device one of the highest efficiency orange-to-red HF SP-OLEDs to date.

关键词： thermally activated delayed fluorescence solution-processing red OLEDs dibenz.[a,c]phenaz.ne dendrimers

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Dynamic experiment and numerical simulation of froz.n soil under confining pressure

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2020年第6期36卷 1302-1318,I0004页

作者： w.R.Tang z.w.z.u T.T.Fu z.w.z.ou z.H.Shanggua Applied Mechanics and Structural Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Mechanics and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610036China Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China

with the development of cold region engineering,it is crucial to study the mechanical properties of froz.n *** practice,froz.n soil is inevitably subject to impact loading,making the study of froz.n soil under impact loading necessary for engineering in cold *** split–Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)is an important experimental means for obtaining the dynamic performance of *** this study,an SHPB experiment was conducted on froz.n soil under confining *** froz.n soil exhibited an evident strain rate effect and temperature effect under confining *** SHPB experiment on froz.n soil under confining pressure was simulated numerically using LS-DYNA software and the Holmquist–Johnson–Cook(HJC)material model.A loading simulation with passive confining pressure and active confining pressure was completed by adding an aluminum sleeve and applying a constant *** simulation results obtained using the above methods were in good agreement with the experimental *** strength of the froz.n soil under confining pressure was greater than that of the uniaxial impact,and there was an evident confining pressure ***,the confining pressure provided by passive confinement was larger than that provided by active *** passive confining pressure energy absorption efficiency was higher than for the active confining pressure due to the need to absorb more energy under the same damage *** froz.n soil exhibited viscoplastic failure characteristics under confining pressure.

关键词： Froz.n soil-Dynamic experiment Confining pressure Split-Hopkinson pressure bar Numerical simulation

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Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Grooved Surface Applied to Film Cooling

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2011年第4期8卷 464-473页

作者： L. Guo z. C. Liu Y. Y. Yan z. w. Han Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK Department of Internal Combustion Engine Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering （Ministry of Education China） Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China

In order to improve the efficiency of film cooling, numerical investigation was carried out to study the effects of different film-cooled plates on surface heat transfer. Both grooved and non-grooved surfaces were concerned. The modeling was per- formed using Fluent software with the adoption of Shear-Stress Transport （SST） k-ωmodel as the turbulence closure. The coolant was supplied by a single film cooling hole with an inclination angle of 30°. The Mach numbers for the coolant flow and the mainstream flow were fixed at 0 and 0.6, respectively. At three blow.ng ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5, the aerodynamic behaviour of the mixing process as well as the heat transfer performance of the film cooling were presented. The numerical results were validated using experimental data extracted from a benchmark test. Good agreements between numerical results and the ex- perimental data were observed. For the film cooling efficiency, it shows that both local and laterally averaged cooling effectiveness can be improved by the non-smooth surface at different blow.ng ratios. Using the grooved surface, the turbulence intensity upon the plate can be reduced notably, and the mixing between the two flows is weakened due to the reduced turbu lence level. The results indicate that the cooling effectiveness of film cooling can be enhanced by applying the grooved surface.

关键词： film cooling non-smooth surface cooling effectiveness grooved structure blow.ng ratio

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EFFECT OF GRAIN REFINIng ON PRIMARYαPHASE IN SEMI-SOLID A356 ALLOY PREPARED BY LOw SUPERHEAT POURIng AND SLIGHT ELECTROMAGNETIC STIRRIng

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2008年第1期21卷 57-64页

作者： z. Liu w.M. Mao z.D. z.ao Faculty of Material and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 China School of Material Science and Engineering University of Science ＆ Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

The semi-solid slurry of A356 alloy, which is grain-refined by Al-Ti-B master alloy, is prepared by low superheat pouring and slight electromagnetic stirring. The effects of grain refining on the morphology and the grain siz. of the primary α phase in the slurry manufactured are researched. The results indicate that the slurry with particle-like and rosette-like primary α phases can be prepared by low superheat pouring and slight electromagnetic stirring from liquid A356 alloy grain-refined, in which the pouring temperature can be suitably raised. Compared with the A356 samples without grain refining, the grain siz. and particle morphology of primary α phase as well as the distribution of the grain with particle-like or rosette-like along radial in the ingot in A356 are markedly improved by grain refining.

关键词： Semi-solid Grain-refined Low superheat pouring Slight electromagnetic stirring A356 alloy Al-Ti-B

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