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Determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： Daniel D.SAURETTE Asim BISwAS Richard J.HECK Adam w.GILLESPIE Aaron A.BERG School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In digital soil mapping(DSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental *** to adequately sample the predictors have been well documented,with the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the DSM *** advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for DSM *** propose a simple workflow and function coded in R language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-Diaconis rule for determining optimal bin *** preprocessing was included to correct for multimodal and non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the *** on a user-selected quantile range(QR)for the sample plan,the densities of the histogram bins at the upper and lower bounds of the QR were used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample *** technique was applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of *** results showed increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the QR *** sample size increased from 44 to 83 when the QR increased from 50% to 95% and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99%*** technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin width digital soil mapping normal distribution quantile range sampling design

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Deletion of Axin1 in aggrecan-expressing cells leads to growth plate cartilage defects in adult mice

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 149-151页

作者： Dan Yi Hongting Jin w.lliam w.Lu Chunxiang Zhang Guozhi Xiao Liping Tonag Di Chen Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China PFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China The First College of Clinical Medicine Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310053China Department of Cardiology Basic Medicine Innovation Centerfor Cardiometabolic Diseases of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Cardiovascular ResearchThe Affiliated HospitalSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000China School of Medicine Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong 518055China

In mammals,skeletal bone development begins at hyaline cartilage formation at the early embryonic stage.1Then osteoblasts from the periosteum,which are distributed surrounding the hyaline cartilage,build up compact bone to formdiaphysis and spongy bone known as primary ossification center.1 Next,osteoclasts from the hematopoietic system destroy spongy bone to generate a medullary cavity.

关键词： cartilage skeletal medullary

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Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering in nonuniform plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： S.Tan Q.wang Y.Chen w.B.Yao C.Z.Xiao J.F.Myatt School of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China School of Electrical and Information Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering(SRSS)is observed for the first time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(PIC)*** construct a theoretical model for the rescattering process,which can predict the region of occurrence of mth-order SRSS and estimate its *** rescattering process is identified by the 2D PIC simulations under typical conditions of a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion *** electrons produced by second-order SRSS propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in first-order SRSS,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot *** studies for a wide range of ignition conditions show that SRSS and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial confinement fusion.

关键词： nonuniform acceleration scattering

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Reduction of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord following repetitive blast-induced traumatic brain injury in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1548-1552页

作者： Shigeharu Tsuda Mustafa Golam Jiamei Hou Kevin K.w.wang Floyd J.Thompson Prodip Bose Brain Rehabilitation Research Center Malcom Randall VA Medical CenterNorth Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health SystemGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Anesthesiology College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Emergency Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Neuroscience University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Neurology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Traumatic brain inju ry-induced unfavorable outcomes in human patients have independently been associated with dysregulated levels of monoamines,especially epinephrine,although few preclinical studies have examined the epinephrine level in the central nervous system after traumatic brain *** has been shown to regulate the activities of spinal motoneurons as well as increase the heart rate,blood pressure,and blood flow to the hindlimb ***,the purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of repeated blast-induced traumatic brain injury on the epinephrine levels in seve ral function-s pecific central nervous system regions in *** three repeated blast injuries at 3-day intervals,the hippocampus,motor cortex,locus coeruleus,vestibular nuclei,and lumbar spinal cord were harvested at post-injury day eight and processed for epinephrine assays using a high-sensitive electrochemical detector cou pled with high-performance liquid *** results showed that the epinephrine levels were significantly decreased in the lumbar spinal cord tissues of blast-induced traumatic brain injury animals compared to the levels detected in age-and sex-matched sham *** other function-specific central nervous system regions,although the epinephrine levels were slightly altered following blast-induced tra u matic brain injury,they were not statistically *** results suggest that blast injury-induced significant downregulation of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord could negatively impact the motor and cardiovascular *** is the first repo rt to show altered epinephrine levels in the spinal cord following repetitive mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury.

关键词： balance blood flow cardiovascular system central nervous system epinephrine ischemic damage lumbar spinal cord muscle tone repeated blast spasticity traumatic brain injury

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Three- and Four-Dimensional Generalized Pythagorean Numbers

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第1期14卷 1-15页

作者： Alfred wünsche Institute of Physics Humboldt University Berlin Germany

The Pythagorean triples (a, b | c) of planar geometry which satisfy the equation a2+b2=c2 with integers (a, b, c) are generalized to 3D-Pythagorean quadruples (a, b, c | d) of spatial geometry which satisfy the equation a2+b2+c2=d2 with integers (a, b, c, d). Rules for a parametrization of the numbers (a, b, c, d) are derived and a list of all possible nonequivalent cases without common divisors up to d2 is established. The 3D-Pythagorean quadruples are then generalized to 4D-Pythagorean quintuples (a, b, c, d | e) which satisfy the equation a2+b2+c2+d2=e2 and a parametrization is derived. Relations to the 4-square identity are discussed which leads also to the N-dimensional case. The initial 3D- and 4D-Pythagorean numbers are explicitly calculated up to d2, respectively, e2.

关键词： Number Theory Pythagorean Triples Tesseract 4-Square Identity Diophantine Equation

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Convergence Phenomenon with Fourier Series of tg(x2)and Alike

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第7期14卷 556-595页

作者： Alfred wünsche Institut fr Physik Humboldt-Universitt Berlin Berlin Germany

The Fourier series of the 2π-periodic functions tg(x2)and 1sin(x)and some of their relatives (first of their integrals) are investigated and illustrated with respect to their convergence. These functions are Generalized functions and the convergence is weak convergence in the sense of the convergence of continuous linear functionals defining them. The figures show that the approximations of the Fourier series possess oscillations around the function which they represent in a broad band embedding them. This is some analogue to the Gibbs phenomenon. A modification of Fourier series by expansion in powers cosn(x)for the symmetric part of functions and sin(x)cosn−1(x)for the antisymmetric part (analogous to Taylor series) is discussed and illustrated by examples. The Fourier series and their convergence behavior are illustrated also for some 2π-periodic delta-function-like sequences connected with the Poisson theorem showing non-vanishing oscillations around the singularities similar to the Gibbs phenomenon in the neighborhood of discontinuities of functions. .

关键词： Gibbs Phenomenon Generalized Functions weak Convergence Chebyshev Polynomials of First and Second Kind Even and Odd Generating Functions for Chebyshev Polynomials Polylogarithms Completeness Relations

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Decellularised extracellular matrix-based injectable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications

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Biomaterials Translational 2024年第2期5卷 114-128页

作者： Guo w.-Y. wang w.-H. Xu P.-Y. Kankala R.K. Chen A.-Z. Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Huaqiao University Fujian Province Xiamen China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University) Fujian Province Xiamen China

Decellularised extracellular matrix (dECM) is a biomaterial derived from natural tissues that has attracted considerable attention from tissue engineering researchers due to its exceptional biocompatibility and malleability attributes. These advantageous properties often facilitate natural cell infiltration and tissue reconstruction for regenerative medicine. Due to their excellent fluidity, the injectable hydrogels can be administered in a liquid state and subsequently formed into a gel state in vivo, stabilising the target area and serving in a variety of ways, such as support, repair, and drug release functions. Thus, dECM-based injectable hydrogels have broad prospects for application in complex organ structures and various tissue injury models. This review focuses on exploring research advances in dECM-based injectable hydrogels, primarily focusing on the applications and prospects of dECM hydrogels in tissue engineering. Initially, the recent developments of the dECM-based injectable hydrogels are explained, summarising the different preparation methods with the evaluation of injectable hydrogel properties. Furthermore, some specific examples of the applicability of dECM-based injectable hydrogels are presented. Finally, we summarise the article with interesting prospects and challenges of dECM-based injectable hydrogels, providing insights into the development of these composites in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2024, Chinese Medical Multimedia Press Co Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： decellularisation methods decellularised extracellular matrix injectable hydrogels tissue engineering

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Precipitation of multi-type nano-quasicrystals in a Mg-Zn-Y alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 997-1008页

作者： w.Z.wang X.Z.Zhou L.F.Zhang H.Q.Ye Z.Q.Yang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceShenyang 110016China Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan 528251China Foshan University Foshan 528231China

Mg-6Zn-1Y(at.%)ribbons with strengthening precipitates of multi-type nanoquasicrystals were prepared by melt-spinning followed by aging *** evolution of the rapidly solidified ribbons during isothermal aging was comprehensively studied using various electron microscopy *** new kinds of decagonal quasicrystals were formed in aged ribbons,in addition to precipitation of nanometer icosahedral ***-resolution observations reveal that both decagonal quasicrystals can be modeled by quasiperiodic tiling with decagonal clusters of 2.5 nm in diameter,but overlap of neighboring clusters in both decagonal quasicrystals is different from the Gummelt model observed in other quasicrystals.A shell composed of complex Laves Mg-Zn domains was formed surrounding each decagonal quasicrystal precipitate upon prolonged *** addition,all kinds of nanoprecipitates exhibit excellent structure and size stability at 573 *** findings may have implications for not only fundamental studies about quasicrystals,but also microstructural manipulation of high-performance Mg alloys.

关键词： Quasicrystal Mg alloys Rapid solidification Scanning-transmission electron microscopy.

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Interfacial stress engineering toward enhancement of ferroelectricity in Al doped HfO_(2)thin films

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 637-643页

作者： S X Chen M M Chen Y Liu D w Cao G J Chen Department of Microelectronics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Physics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Foshan UniversityFoshan 528225China

Ferroelectric HfO_(2)has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)***,the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase(o-phase)HfO_(2)is less competitive,which greatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin ***,the crystallization of o-phase HfO_(2)can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress *** this paper,the growth of improved ferroelectric Al doped HfO_(2)(HfO_(2):Al)thin films on(111)-oriented Si substrate has been *** analysis has suggested that nonpolar monoclinic HfO_(2):Al grown on(111)-oriented Si substrate suffered from a strong compressive strain,which promoted the crystallization of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2)in the as-grown HfO_(2):Al thin *** addition,the in-plane lattice of(111)-oriented Si substrate matches well with that of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2),which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase HfO_(2).Accordingly,an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization(2P_(r))of 26.7C/cm^(2) has been *** results shown in this work provide a simple way toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin films.

关键词： improved ferroelectricity interfacial stress engineering compressive strain HfO_(2)

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Hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： wenfeng Li Chelsea w.Neil J w.lliam Carey Meng Meng Luke P.Frash Philip H.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).However,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(HM)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porositywing key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)The porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)The granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)Hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability

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