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Exploring water and ion transport process at silicone/copper interfaces using in-situ electrochemical and Kelvin probe approaches

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第5期64卷 203-213页

作者： B.Munirathinam J.P.B.van dam A.Herrmann w.d.van driel F.de Buyl S.J.F.Erich L.G.J.van der Ven O.C.G.Adan J.M.C.Mol delft University of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentDelftThe Netherlands Eindhoven University of Technology Department of Applied PhysicsEindhovenThe Netherlands Signify High Tech CampusEindhovenThe Netherlands delft University of Technology Electronic ComponentsTechnology and MaterialsFaculty of Electrical EngineeringDelftThe Netherlands dow Silicones Belgium s.p.r.l. Belgium

In general,packaging materials which encapsulate light emitting diodes(LEds)and microelectronic devices offer barrier protection against several environmental hazards such as water and ionic ***,these encapsulants may provide pathways for water and ionic contaminants to reach the metal/polymer interfaces and provoke local corrosion of electronics,which is a major reliability concern for polymer encapsulated LEds and *** the water and corrosive constituents play a crucial role in their reliability,water uptake kinetics,interfacial ion transport and delamination behaviour of silicone coated copper model system,mimicking a typical microelectronics packaging system,is explored in the present *** impedance spectroscopy(EIS)integrated with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy studies revealed that water diffusion inside the silicone network is Fickian in nature and the evolution of the observed time constants are related to the diffusion and interfacial reactions.A decrease of impedance magnitude with time was observed in EIS measurements concurrently with water absorption bands shifting towards lower wavenumber in ATR-FTIR measurements,implying the growth of strong hydrogen bonding between water molecules and the silicone *** estimated diffusion constant of water using the capacitance method was in the order of 7×10^(-12)m^(2)s^(-1)and the water absorption volume fraction was in the range of 0%to 0.30%.Scanning Kelvin probe studies elucidated the ion transport process occurring at the silicone/copper interface in a humid *** interfacial ion transport process is controlled by the interfacial electrochemical reactions at the cathodic delamination front and the estimated average delamination rate is 0.43 mm h^(-1/2).This work demonstrates that exploring ion and water transport in the silicone coating and along the silicone/copper interface is of pivotal importance as

关键词： Silicone Impedance water transport Scanning Kelvin probe delamination

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LEd in double function;Light Source and Light Sensor

LED in Double function;Light Source and Light Sensor

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第八届中国国际半导体照明论坛（大会/技术分会）

作者： S.Tarashioon C.Guo H.van Zeijl w.d.van driel G.Q Zhang Materials innovation institute(M2i) dimes Center for SSL Technologies Micro/Nanoelectronics System Integration and Reliability Delft University of Technology

In this paper we demonstrate the workability of LEd as light sensor besides being a light source in a（SSL） solid state lighting system. The LEd in forward bias operates as a light sensor and in the reverse bias works as a light sensor. The results presented in this paper show the reproducibility and sensitivity of this light sensor.

关键词： Light Emitting diode Light Sensor Solid State Lighting sensor sensitivity Reliability

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degradation of light emitting diodes:a proposed methodology

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第1期32卷 41-44页

作者： Sau Koh willem van driel G.Q.Zhang delft Institute of Microsystems and Nanoelectronics(dimes) delft University of Technology Materials Innovation Institute(M2i) Mekelweg 22628 CDDelftNetherlands philips Lighting LightLabsNL-5611BDEindhovenNetherlands

due to their long lifetime and high efficacy, light emitting diodes have the potential to revolutionize the illumination industry. However, self heat and high environmental temperature which will lead to increased junction temperature and degradation due to electrical overstress can shorten the life of the light emitting diode. In this research, a methodology to investigate the degradation of the LEd emitter has been proposed. The epoxy lens of the emitter can be modelled using simplified Eyring methods whereas an equation has been proposed for describing the degradation of the LEd emitters.

关键词： LEd light degradation lumen overstress current temperature

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Feeling Good and Functioning well in Mathematics Education: Exploring Students' Conceptions of Mathematical well-Being and Values

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ECNU Review of Education 2021年第2期4卷 349-375页

作者： Julia L.Hill Margaret L.Kern wee Tiong Seah Jan van driel Melbourne Graduate School of Education The University of Melbourne

Purpose:The high incidenee of mathematics anxiety and disengagement in mathematics points to poor student well-being in many mathematics *** well-being may arise in part from poor alignment between student values and classroom ***,what student well-being is and how to support it within specific subjects is poorly understood,and intersection between students'values and well-being in mathematics education is *** article proposes a seven-dimensional framework of student well-being in mathematics education and examines alignment between well-being and ***/Approach/Methods:One hun dred n inetee n eighth-grade Australia n students responded to three opervended questions investigating their conceptions of mathematical wellbeing(MwB)and what they valued most when learning or doing *** were analyzed using a combined deductive/inductive thematic ***:Findings supported the MwB framework and con firmed an alig nment betwee n stude nts'values and well-being in mathematics ***/Value:Our study provides a framework for conceptualizing student well-being in mathematics education,points to areas that aim to improve student well-being,and highlights congruences and discordances between well-being and values.

关键词： Mathematical values mathematical well-being mathematics education student voice theoretical model valuing

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Fast Characterization for Moisture Properties of Moulding Compounds: Influence of Temperature and Humidity

Fast Characterization for Moisture Properties of Moulding Co...

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第六届电子封装技术国际学术会议

作者： R.C.J.Vogels w.d. van driel Technical University Eindhoven Eindhoven Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin China IMO-Backend Innovation Philips Semiconductors Nijmegen The Netherlands

Moisture induced failure is a major problem in modern IC technology. when there is moisture present in the moulding compound before the chip is soldered to the Printed Circuit Board, or gets another h

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铸铁中碳测定方法的改进

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冶金分析 2012年第9期32卷 7-12页

作者： van driel Roland JOOSTEN Heinz-Gerd van STUIJVENBERG Bruno 斯派克股份有限公司

碳是铸铁中最重要的元素。因此,在铸造过程中需要经常对碳进行监控。取样过程非常关键,冷凝速度过慢就会产生石墨夹杂。然而,火花直读光谱仪进行测定时需要完全不含石墨的样品才能得到精确的测量结果。本文对这种要求的原因进行了研究... 详细信息

碳是铸铁中最重要的元素。因此,在铸造过程中需要经常对碳进行监控。取样过程非常关键,冷凝速度过慢就会产生石墨夹杂。然而,火花直读光谱仪进行测定时需要完全不含石墨的样品才能得到精确的测量结果。本文对这种要求的原因进行了研究和讨论,并对一种测定碳新方法的原理和可行性进行了阐述。该方法改进了测定未达到最佳标准要求的铸铁样品中碳含量的准确性,并能提示取样过程是否恰当。

关键词：火花直读光谱法碳灰口化样品单一火花评估

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Characterization of Interface Strength as Function of Temperature and Moisture Conditions

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电子与封装 2007年第2期7卷 16-22页

作者： w.d. van driel P.J.J.H.A. Habets M.A.J. van Gils G.Q. Zhang Philips Semiconductors 6500 MD Nijmegen The Netherlands Philips Applied Technologies 5600 MD Eindhoven The Netherlands delft University of Technology Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands

Since Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) tests are part of the international reliability qualification standards, all the microelectronics components/products have to pass these specifications. Therefore, it is important to be able to efficiently and accurately characterize and predict the moisture related material and interface behavior in the real manufacturing, processing, testing and application conditions. The success of interfacial fracture mechanics approach to analyze moisture-induced failures in IC packaging strongly depend on accurate characterization of the critical adhesion strength, Gc. However, its measurement is complicated by the fact that adhesion depends not only on moisture concentration, C, but also temperature, T, and mode mixity, ψ. This paper described our research to develop a reliable methodology for interface toughness evaluation as function of temperature, humidity and mode mixity. Our methodology includes using the four-point bending test and shaft-loaded-blister method. dedicated specimens consisting of various types of moulding compounds bonded onto leadframe are manufactured. Besides temperature, moisture content and mode mixity effects, also the influences of surface treatment (leadframe oxidation and contamination) and production process on the interface fracture toughness are evaluated. Multi-physics-based numerical methods are used to transfer the experimental critical loads to an interface strength parameter. These analysis covers mechanical, moisture diffusion, vapor pressure, hygro-swelling and CTE-mismatch modeling. To test and improve the methodology, various effects are evaluated, such as crack-length dependency, material properties, specimen- width, displacement-rate of the upper support/shaft, etc. The results of the proposed methodology indicate, as expected, a change in interface toughness by mode mixity, moisture content and temperature. It is found that Gc decreases with increasing moisture content and temperature. The pr

关键词：封装散热温度功能

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Progress in Understanding Color Maintenance in Solid-State Lighting Systems

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Engineering 2015年第2期1卷 170-178页

作者： Maryam Yazdan Mehr willem dirk van driel G.Q.(Kouchi) Zhang delft University of Technology Material Innovation Institute (M2i)

In this paper, progresses of color maintenance, also known as color shift, in solid-state lighting(SSL) systems are thoroughly reviewed. First, color shift is introduced and a few examples are given from different real-life industrial conditions. different degradation mechanisms in different parts of the system are also explained. different materials used as lenses/encapsulants in light-emitting diode(LEd)-based products are introduced and their contributions to color shift are discussed. Efforts put into standardization, characterizing, and predicting lumen maintenance are also briefly reviewed in this paper.

关键词： light-emitting diode (LEd) color shift lumen depreciation lumen degradation

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Specificity of early-career general practitioners’problem formulations in patients presenting with dizziness:a cross-sectional analysis

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第4期9卷 10-19,I0001,I0002页

作者： Jocelyn Ledger Amanda Tapley Christopher Levi Andrew davey Mieke van driel Elizabeth G Holliday Jean Ball Alison Fielding Neil Spike Kristen FitzGerald Parker Magin The University of Newcastle School of Medicine and Public Health CallaghanNew South WalesAustralia NSw&ACT Research and Evaluation Unit GP SynergyRegional Training OrganisationNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia The Sydney Partnership for Health EducationResearch and Enterprise(SPHERE)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia Primary Care Clinical Unit The University of Queensland Faculty of MedicineBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Clinical Research design and Statistical Support Unit(CRedITSS) The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonNew South WalesAustralia Eastern Victoria General Practice Training Regional Training OrganisationHawthornVictoriaAustralia department of General Practice and Primary Health Care The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia General Practice Training Tasmania Regional Training OrganisationHobartTasmaniaAustralia University of Tasmania School of Medicine HobartTasmaniaAustralia

Objectives dizziness is a common and challenging clinical presentation in general *** to determine specific aetiologies can lead to significant morbidity and *** aimed to establish frequency and associations of general practitioner(GP)trainees’(registrars’)specific vertigo provisional diagnoses and their non-specific symptomatic problem *** A cross-sectional analysis of Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training(ReCEnT)cohort study data between 2010 and *** is an ongoing,prospective cohort study of registrars in general practice training in *** collection occurs once every 6 months midtraining term(for three terms)and entails recording details of 60 consecutive clinical consultations on hardcopy case report *** outcome factor was whether dizziness-related or vertigo-related presentations resulted in a specific vertigo provisional diagnosis versus a non-specific symptomatic problem *** with patient,practice,registrar and consultation independent variables were assessed by univariate and multivariable logistic *** Australian general practice training *** training is regionalised and delivered by regional training providers(RTPs)(2010-2015)and regional training organisations(RTOs)(2016-2018)across Australia(from five states and one territory).Participants All general practice registrars enrolled with participating RTPs or RTOs undertaking GP training *** 2333 registrars(96%response rate)recorded 1734 new problems related to dizziness or *** these,546(31.5%)involved a specific vertigo diagnosis and 1188(68.5%)a non-specific symptom *** associated with a non-specific symptom diagnosis on multivariable analysis were lower socioeconomic status of the practice location(OR 0.94 for each decile of disadvantage,95%CIs 0.90 to 0.98)and longer consultation duration(OR 1.02,95%CIs 1.00 to 1.04).A specific vertigo diagnosis was associated wit

关键词： diagnosis formulation sectional

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Enhanced Gene Expression Following Vaccination in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第3期4卷 165-170页

作者： Ekua w. Brenu Gunn M. Atkinson Mieke L. van driel Sanne Kreijkamp-Kaspers don R. Staines Sonya M. Marshall-Gradisnik discipline of General Practice School of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia. Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond University Gold Coast Australia. National Center for Neuroimmu- nology and Emerging diseases Griffith University Gold Coast Australia. Queensland Health Gold Coast Public Health Unit Gold Coast Australia. School of Medical Science Griffith Health Institute Griffith University Gold Coast Australia.

Vaccines have been shown to cause differential expression of genes and increase antibody titers against antigens. Influenza vaccines may have an effect on unexplained disorders such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). Immunological changes have been identified following immunization with trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). The objective of this pilot study was to examine the consequences of TIV on cytokine and cytotoxic genes in CFS/ME. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were preferentially isolated from whole blood of 7 CFS/ME patients and 8 controls. Following total RNA extraction and synthesis of cdNA, reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the expression levels of mRNAs for cytotoxic genes (perforin (PRF1), granzyme A (GZMA), granzyme B (GZMB) and cytokine genes. GZMB was significantly increased overall in the CFS/ME patients compared to the controls. GZMA was significantly increased 28 days after vaccination while PRF1 was reduced prevaccination but increased 14 days post-vaccination in the CFS/ME patients. There were no significant changes in cytokine genes pre or post vaccination. Administration of TIV may increase the expression of lytic genes in CFS/ME and this may contribute to the increase in cytotoxic activity we observed in these patients post vaccination.

关键词： Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Perforin Granzymes Cytokines

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