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About Role of Electromagnetism to the Saturn Rings Origin<br/>—To the Unified Theory of the Planetary Rings Origin

International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第4期3卷 412-420页

作者： vladimir v. tchernyi Modern Science Institute at SAIBR Moscow Russia

Experimental data observ.tion of the Saturn rings points to the conjecture that the particles constituting the rings may be superconductiv.. The main argument for this based on the fact that Saturn has a magnetic field and the temperature in its v.cinity is low enough. Electromagnetic modeling shows the rings system emerges some time after appearance of the planetary magnetic field. Rings can be a result of the interaction of the superconducting carbon doped ice particles of the protoplanetary cloud with the nonuniform magnetic field. At the beginning all Keplerian orbits of the particles are located within protoplanetary cloud. After appearance of the magnetic field of Saturn, all iced particles demonstrate superconductiv.ty and their orbits start to mov. to the magnetic equator plane where there is a minimum of magnetic energy. And then particles redistributed like iron particles nearby magnet on laboratory table forming system of rings and gaps. But rings particles are not stuck together because of Meissner phenomenon. The grav.tational resonances and other interactions also play an important role and they help bring the order to the system of rings and gaps. It becomes to be clear why the rings appear only for the planets with magnetic field outside the asteroid belt such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Inside the asteroid belt Sun’s heat is destroying superconductiv.ty. Scenario of the rings creation for all planets could be the same. So we are coming to the unified theory of the rings origin. The presented model allows enriching the well-known theories that treat grav.tational, mechanical, gas-plasma, dusty plasma and magnetohydrodynamic interactions in a consistent way.

关键词： Saturn System Saturn Rings Origin Saturn Rings Electromagnetism Saturn Rings Superconductiv.ty Origin of Planetary Rings Space Electromagnetism Space Superconductiv.ty

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Could Superconductiv.ty Contribute to the Saturn Rings Origin?

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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第6期4卷 17-23页

作者： vladimir v. tchernyi (Cherny) Modern Science Institute SAIBR Moscow Russia

The article shows how the phenomenon of superconductiv.ty can contribute to the origin of Saturn rings. The main argument for this coming from the general physics consideration and based on the fact that Saturn has a magnetic field, and the temperature of the env.ronment in its v.cinity is low enough to think about superconductiv.ty.

关键词： Origin of Saturn Rings Origin of Planetary Rings Superconductiv.ty of the Planetary Rings

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Energy Gap in Saturn’s Rings

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Journal of Modern Physics 2019年第4期10卷 477-485页

作者： Andrey Yu Pospelov.vladimir v. tchernyi Independent Researcher Los Angeles USA Modern Science Institute at SAIBR Moscow Russia

In this article, we consider, based on the super-diamagnetic model, the new problems of Saturn’s rings discov.red by Cassini, such as: 1) anomalous purity of water ice;2) Saturn’s magnetic field alignment with the planet’s rotation axis;3) “ring rain” of the submicron particles;4) the dev.ation in the qualitativ. composition of the “rain” from the composition of the rings;5) “dirt” concentrated in the ring gaps;6) “plateaus” in Saturn’s C ring;7) age of the rings;8) roll-off in the spectrum of Saturn’s rings, and 9) “propellers” in Saturn’s A ring. Interpretation of Cassini’s observ.tions of spectral roll-off in Saturn’s rings in the wav.length range from 100 micrometers to 0.5 mm is giv.n. It was concluded that the substance of the rings could be in the superconducting state. An explanation of the Cassini spectral data is giv.n using the hypothesis of the existence of a superconducting energy gap in the substance of rings.

关键词： Saturn Rings Cassini CIRS Interpretation Super-Diamagnetic Model Superconducting Energy Gap Ring Rain Plateaus and Propellers in Saturn’s Rings

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Superconductiv.ty of Saturn Rings: Quantum Locking, Rings Disc Thickness and Its Time Creation

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Journal of Modern Physics 2018年第3期9卷 419-432页

作者： vladimir v. tchernyi Andrew Yu Pospelov Modern Science Institute SAIBR Moscow Russia

The article demonstrates how rings disc of Saturn was created after appearance of the planetary magnetic field from superconducting iced particles of the protoplanetary cloud mov.ng around planet by chaotic orbits. It is based on the fact that Saturn has magnetic field and the temperature of its v.cinity is low enough to hav. superconductiv.ty. Electromagnetic simulation estimates time of rings disc formation with the thickness about few meters from a few thousand years up to few tens of thousands of years. A rings disk has a stable structure located within magnetic equator of Saturn due to quantum locking of the particles by planetary magnetic field. Also may happened contribution to the rings disc from the debris of the moons migrated inward towards Saturn and particles of the frozen water coming from the geyser of the geologically activ. satellite (as Enceladus contributed to the E-ring). Suggested mechanism of the rings formation works ev.n in case where only a small fraction of the particles poses superconductiv.ty. Presented electromagnetic modeling of the role of superconducting iced particles of the rings disc origin, dynamics and ev.lution allow us to enrich the classical theories based on grav.tational, mechanical, magnetohydrodynamic and plasma interactions.

关键词： Origin of Saturn Rings Origin of Planetary Rings Superconductiv.ty of the Planetary Rings

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Quantum Locking and the Meissner Effect Lead to the Origin and Stability of the Saturn Rings System

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第1期8卷 104-120页

作者： vladimir v. tchernyi (Cherny) Andrew Yu. Pospelov Modern Science Institute SAIBR Moscow Russia

It is demonstrated how superconducting iced particles of the protoplanetary cloud of Saturn are coming to magnetic equator plane and create the stable enough rings disk. There are two steps. First, after appearance of the Saturn magnetic field due to Meissner phenomenon, all particles orbits are mov.ng to the magnetic equator plane. Finally they become distributed as rings and gaps like iron particles around magnet on laboratory table. And they are separated from each other by the magnetic field expelled from them. It takes up to few tens of thousands years with ten meters rings disk thickness. Second, because of quantum locking all particles become to be locked within magnetic well at the magnetic equator plane due to Abrikosov.v.rtex for superconductor. Finally each particle is locked within three-dimensional magnetic well. It works ev.n when particles hav. small fraction of superconductor. During the rings ev.lution some contribution to the disk also could come from the collision-generated debris of the current moon, coming meteorites and from the geysers like it happened due to magnetic coupling of Saturn and Enceladus. The rings are relict of the early days of the magnetic field of Saturn system.

关键词： Origin of Saturn Rings Age of Saturn Rings Superconductiv.ty of Saturn Rings Quantum Locking of Saturn Rings Space Superconductiv.ty Quantum Phenomena in Space

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Space Magnetism and Superconductiv.ty: Diamagnetic Expulsion, Meissner Effect, Magnetic Pressure and Quantum Trapping Lead to the Origin and Stability of the Saturn Rings

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第8期7卷 1625-1636页

作者： vladimir v. tchernyi (Cherny) Andrey Yu. Pospelov.Sergey v. Kapranov Modern Science Institute SAIBR Moscow Russia Independent Researcher Los Angeles USA A.O. Kov.lev.ky Institute of Marine Biological Research RAS Sevastopol Russia

Existence of the magnetic field of Saturn and the temperature around 70 - 100 K nearby of it bring us to the idea of diamagnetism and superconductiv.ty of the rings particles. The rings could emerge from the icy particles mov.ng on chaotic orbits around Saturn within protoplanetary cloud. After appearance of the magnetic field of Saturn all chaotic orbits of icy particles start to shift to the magnetic equator plane, where there is a minimum of the particles magnetic energy, due to diamagnetic force of expulsion like Meissner phenomenon. Each particle comes to the stable position prev.nting its own horizontal and v.rtical shift. Particles are locked within three-dimensional magnetic well due to Abrikosov.quantum v.rtex phenomenon for superconductor. This mechanism is v.lid and it works ev.n particles hav. a small fraction of superconductor. Final picture is similar to the picture of iron particles forms the same shape around a magnet on laboratory table. Any other phenomena like grav.ty resonances, dusty plasma and others may bring some peculiarities to the final picture of the rings. It follows that magnetic field of Saturn and low temperature around of it are the main reason for the rings origin and the rings is product of the early time of the magnetic field of Saturn appearance. Additional matter to the rings also may come from the frozen water particles generated from the Saturn sputniks geysers due to magnetic coupling between planet and satellites. The data of Cassini mission to Saturn rings are conforming suggested theory of their origin and existence.

关键词： Saturn Rings Origin Space Magnetism Space Diamagnetism Space Superconductiv.ty Space Ice

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Why lowland riparian trees are difficult to use for streamflow reconstruction

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 219-230页

作者： Xiaomei Peng Shengchun Xiao Bao Yang Quanyan Tian vladimir v.Shishov Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Dev.lopment in Arid Lands Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000People's Republic of China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023People's Republic of China Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia 660041

Existing streamflow reconstructions based on tree-ring analysis mostly rely on species from upland,mainly montane areas,while lowland species(generally plain)areas are rarely *** limits the understanding of streamflow change history in the lowlands,which is an important basis for water resource *** study focused on Populus euphratica stands located along the main stream,eastern and western tributaries in the lower reaches of the Heihe Riv.r basin(HRb),in arid northwestern *** inv.stigated how streamflow regulation interferes with ripar-ian trees in lowlands when they used for streamflow ***-ring width chronologies were dev.loped and analyzed in conjunction with meteorological and hydrologic observ.tion *** results show streamflow regulation leads in sharp fluctuations in the streamflow allocation between the eastern tributaries and western *** resulted in instability of the correlation between streamflow at the two tributaries and at the Zhengyixia hydrologic station,with corresponding fluctuations in radial growth of poplar trees on the banks of the two tributaries and at the *** regulation altered the natural patterns of seasonal streamflow below the station,changing the time window of poplar *** study prov.des useful insight into tree-ring width based streamflow reconstruction in the lowlands.

关键词： Tree-ring width-Dendrochronology Populus euphratica The Ejina Oasis Streamflow

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Effect of the anionic composition of sulfolane based electrolytes on the performances of lithium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 231-240,I0005页

作者： Elena v.Karasev. Elena v.Kuzmina Bo-Quan Li Qiang Zhang vladimir S.Kolosnitsyn Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science 71Prospect OktyabryaUfa 450054BashkortostanRussia Adv.nced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

In lithium-sulfur batteries,cell design,specifically electrolyte design,has a key impact on the battery *** effect of lithium salt anion donor number(DN)(DN[PF_(6)]^(-)=2.5,DN[N(SO_(2)CF_(3))_(2)]^(-)=5.4,DN[ClO_(4)]^(-)=8.4,DN[SO_(3)CF_(3)]^(-)=16.9,and DN[NO_(3)]^(-)=21.1)on the patterns of lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium metal electrode performances with sulfola ne-based electrolytes is *** increase in DN of lithium salt anions leads to an increase in the depth and rate of electrochemical reduction of sulfur and long-chain lithium polysulfides and to a decrease in those for medium-and short-chain lithium *** of lithium salt anions has weak effect on the discharge capacity of lithium-sulfur batteries and the Coulomb efficiency during cycling,with the exception of LiSO_(3)CF_(3)and LiNO_(3).An increase in DN of lithium salt anions leads to an increase in the cycling duration of lithium metal anodes and to a decrease in the presence of lithium *** sulfolane solutions of LiNO_(3)and LiSO_(3)CF_(3),lithium polysulfides do not affect the cycling duration of lithium metal anodes.

关键词： Donor number Lithium salt Sulfolane Lithium polysulfide Electrolyte Lithium-sulfur battery Lithium metal electrode

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ChatGPT: Application in Chemistry Education and Challenges

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第3期12卷 196-206页

作者： vladimir L. Kodkin Ekaterina v. Artem’ev. Power Engineering Faculty South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia Department of Chemistry Institute of Natural Sciences South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia

The paper discusses the adv.ncements and applications of neural networks, specifically ChatGPT, in v.rious fields, including chemistry education and research. It examines the benefits of AI and ChatGPT, such as their ability to process and analyze large amounts of data, create personalized training systems, and offer problem-solv.ng recommendations. The paper delv.s into practical applications, showcasing how ChatGPT can be utilised to augment chemistry learning. It prov.des examples of using ChatGPT for creating tests, generating multiple-choice questions, and studying chemistry in general. Concerns are v.iced about the ethical and societal impact of AI dev.lopment. In conclusion, it explores the exciting potential of AI to tackle challenges that may exceed human capabilities alone, pav.ng the way for further exploration and collaboration between humans and intelligent machines.

关键词： ChatGPT 3.5 Artificial Intelligence AI for Education Computer-Based Learning

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Selection of shaped charges parameters for producing aluminum particles with v.locities in the range of 2.5-16 km/s

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第8期38卷 126-135页

作者： vladimir I.Kolpakov.Sergey v.Fedorov.Ekaterina P.v.nogradov. Irina A.Bolotina Bauman Moscow State Technical Univ.rsity Moscow 105005Russia

Testing rocket and space technology objects in ground conditions for resistance to the impact of meteoroids and fragments of space debris can be carried out using shaped charges. To substantiate the design parameters of shaped charges that ensure the formation of aluminum particles in a wide v.locity range(from 2.5 to 16 km/s), numerical modeling of the formation process was carried out within the framework of a two-dimensional axisymmetric problem of continuum mechanics using three different computing codes to increase the reliability of the results. The calculations consider shaped charges with a diameter of 20-100 mm with aluminum liners of v.rious shapes. It is shown that the formation of particles with v.locities close to the lower limit of the considered range is ensured by gently sloping segmental liners of degressiv. thickness. To form higher-v.locity particles with v.locities ov.r 5 km/s, it is proposed to use combined liners, the jet-forming part of which has the shape of a hemisphere of constant thickness or the shape of a semi-ellipsoid or semi-superellipsoid of rotation of degressiv. thickness.

关键词： Space debris Meteoric impact Explosion Shaped charge High-v.locity aluminum element Segmental liner Combined liner Numerical simulation

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