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Suspended sediment dynamics in the meltwater of Chhota Shigri glacier, Chandra basin, Lahaul-Spiti valley, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第1期15卷 68-81页

作者： virendra Bahadur singh AL.RAMANATHAN School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University

Present study shows suspended sediment dynamics in the meltwater of Chhota Shigri glacier,Himachal Pradesh,India for different melt seasons during the period *** suspended sediment concentration in the meltwater was found during the month of July 2011,2012 and 2014 constituting to 55.2%,48.3% and 46.9%,*** in 2013,maximum suspended sediment concentration was observed in August accounting for46.1% of the *** the other hand,maximum suspended sediment load was monitored in the month of July 2011,2012 and 2014 constituting 59.5%,63% and 55.7% of the total,*** in2013,maximum suspended sediment load was observed in the month of August accounting for 49.8% of the total suspended sediment *** distribution of suspended sediment concentration(SSC)and suspended sediment load(SSL)in the Chhota Shigri glacier shows higher value of SSC and SSL during the study period 2012 and 2013,which may be due to the presence of high glacial runoff and negative mass balance of the studied area during these time *** diurnal variation has been observed in the SSC of *** correlation was observed between SSC and SSL with *** the other hand,SSC and SSL also showed strong exponential correlation with air temperature of the studied *** yield from the catchment of Chhota Shigri glacier is high during the peak melt season(July and August)and low during the late melt season(September and October).The average value of erosion rate for Chhota Shigri glacier basin during the study period 2011-2014 was calculated to be 1.1mm/yr,which is lower than the average erosion rate of other Himalayan glaciers such as Rakiot,Chorabari and Gangotri glaciers,which may be caused by its geological setting containing high erosion resistant rocks such as granite,granite gneiss and porphyritic granite.

关键词： Suspended sediment concentration Hysteresis Sediment yield Erosion rate Western Himalaya Chhota Shigri glacier

Endoscopic management of postcholecystectomy biliary leakage

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第4期9卷 409-413页

作者： virendra singh Gurpreet singh Ganga R Verma Rajesh Gupta Departments of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Departments of Surgery Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

BACKGROUND: Biliary leak is an uncommon but significant complication following cholecystectomy. Endotherapy is an established method of treatment. However, the optimal intervention is not known. METHOD: Eighty-five patients with postcholecystectomy biliary leaks from July 2000 to March 2009 were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The study population was 20 males and 65 females with a mean age of 42.47 years. Patients presented with abdominal pain (46), jaundice (23), fever (23), abdominal distension (42), or bilious abdominal drain (67). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography detected a leak at the cystic duct stump in 45 patients, stricture with middle common bile duct leak in 4, leak from the right hepatic duct in 3, and a ligated common bile duct in 32. Twelve also had bile duct stones. One had a broken T-tube with stones Endotherapy was possible in 53 patients. Three patients with stones, one with a broken T-tube with stones, and 4 with stricture of the common bile duct with a leak were managed with sphincterotomy and stenting. Eight patients with a cystic duct stump leak with stones were managed with sphincterotomy and stone extraction. Three outpatients and 12 inpatients with a cystic duct stump leak were managed with sphincterotomy and stent and sphincterotomy and nasobiliary drain, respectively. Five patients with a cystic duct stump leak were managed with stenting. Sixteen with coagulopathy were managed with only nasobiliary drain (9) or stent (7). Leak closure was achieved in 100% patients Four developed mild pancreatitis which improved with conservative ***: Endoscopic intervention is a safe and effective method of treatment of postcholecystectomy biliary leaks. However, management should be individualized based on factors such as outpatients or inpatients, presence of stone, stricture, ligature, or coagulopathy.

关键词： biliary fistulae endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography sphincterotomy biliary stent nasobiliary drain biliary strictures

Relationship between species richness,taxonomic distinctness,functional diversity,and local contribution toβdiversity and effects of habitat disturbance in the riparian spider community of the Ganga River,India

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 204-216页

作者： Kritish De Amar Paul singh Arkojyoti Sarkar Kritika singh Manju Siliwal virendra Prasad Uniyal Syed Ainul Hussain Wildlife Institute of India ChandrabaniDehradun 248001India Present Address:Department of Life Sciences Sri Sathya Sai University for Human ExcellenceNavanihalOkali PostKamalapurKalaburagiKarnataka 585313India

Background In the riverine riparian ecosystem,particularly in India,the knowledge of the effects of habitat disturbance on taxonomic distinctness,functional diversity,and local contribution toβdiversity(LCBD)of spider community is *** present study examined the relationships between the index of taxonomic distinctness(Δ^(+)),index of variation in taxonomic distinctness(λ^(+)),functional evenness(FEve),functional divergence(FDiv),functional dispersion(FDis),and LCBD of spider community of the Ganga River and the effects of habitat disturbance on these indices.A total of 27 sampling sites were selected along the bank of the Ganga *** on the rating of the disturbance scores,the sites were classified into lowly,moderately,and highly disturbed *** understand the relationships between species richness,Δ^(+),λ^(+),FDis,FDiv,FEve,LCBD,and habitat disturbance score,Pearson’s correlation was calculated,followed by the linear regression *** one-way multivariate analysis of variance was used to find differences in taxonomic distinctness and functional diversity in the different disturbed *** Significant relationships were found betweenλ^(+)andΔ^(+),FDis andΔ^(+),FDis andλ^(+),FDiv and species richness,FEve and species richness,FEve andλ^(+),FEve and habitat disturbance,LCBD and FEve,and LCBD and habitat disturbance.A significant difference was present in the indices of functional diversity between the lowly,moderately,and highly disturbed ***,garbage dump,human settlement,and created embankment influenced the spider community’sλ^(+),FEve,and *** Unrestrained anthropogenic activities exacerbate habitat disturbance by affecting ecological ***,understanding linkages between ecosystem disturbance,taxonomic,functional,andβdiversity can be fundamental to managing and conserving natural *** work highlights the importance of including taxonomic and functional diversity to comprehend the impact of habit

关键词： Habitat disturbance Taxonomic distinctness Functional evenness Functional divergence Functional dispersion Local contribution to beta diversity Spider community Riparian area Ganga River

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Contrast-free air cholangiography-assisted unilateral plastic stenting in malignant hilar biliary obstruction

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第1期9卷 88-92页

作者： virendra singh Gurpreet singh Vikas Gupta Rajesh Gupta Rakesh Kapoor Departments of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Departments of Surgery Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Departments of Radiotherapy Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

BACKGROUND:Endoscopic palliation in malignant hilar biliary obstruction requires endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP),whereas contrast injection leads to ***-free metal stenting with or without magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has shown encouraging results,but MRCP and metal stents are *** have been no reports on the use of air ***:We prospectively evaluated the role of air cholangiography-assisted unilateral plastic stenting in 10 patients with type Ⅱ malignant hilar biliary obstruction.A retrospectively analysed group of 10 patients treated with contrast-free unilateral metal stenting served as historical ***:Ten patients with unresectable type Ⅱ malignant hilar biliary obstruction were *** cholangiography detected type Ⅱ obstruction in all patients,similar to *** patients underwent unilateral *** endoscopic drainage was achieved in all *** mean patency of the stent was 95.8±17.5 days in the study group and 143.9±115.1 days in the control group (P=0.20).The mean survival was 121.8±41.6 days in the study group and 154.9±122.5 days in the control group (P=0.42).KaplanMeier analysis showed an estimated median survival of 100:95% CI (65.9,134.1) days in the study group and 98:95% CI (84.1,111.9) days in the control group (P=0.62).Cholangitis occurred in none of the patients and there were no 30-day deaths nor major *** cholangiographyassisted unilateral plastic stenting was cheaper than contrastfree unilateral metal ***:Air cholangiography-assisted unilateral plastic stenting is as safe and effective as contrast-free unilateral metal stenting in type Ⅱ malignant hilar biliary obstruction for palliating patients,but it is cheaper.

关键词： air cholangiogram hilar obstruction malignant plastic stent metal stent unilateral

Seasonal variations and health risk assessment of trace elements in the Badigad River,lesser Himalayas,Nepal

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第4期42卷 689-703页

作者： Ramesh Raj Pant Kiran Bishwakarma Kshitiz Kandel Sudip Poudel Jharana Nepal Bhanu Bhakta Neupane virendra Bahadur singh Central Department of Environmental Science Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Central Department of Chemistry Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Department of Environmental Studies Ram Lal Anand CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi 110021India

The consumption of contaminated river water can have severe effects on human *** study aims to investigate the trace elements(TEs)content and their health risk assessment in the Badigad River Basin in the lesser Himalayas of *** total,44 water samples were collected from 22 different sites during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons,and 25 TEs were *** matrix and principal component analysis(PCA)were used to analyze the potential relationship between the measured TEs and their source ***,the water quality index(WQI),metal index(MI),and cancer index(CI)were *** TEs content in all samples were found to be within the WHO recommended guideline for drinking and domestic *** dominancy order of the TEs was observed as Sr>Ba>Li>Rb>Zn>Cr>Sc>Mn>Ti>Cu>As>Ni>Co>U>V>Pb>Cs>Ga>Y>Tl>Th>Zr>Bi>Cd>*** PCA analysis suggested that TEs could have natural,anthropogenic,and mixed *** WQI indicated that the river water is safe from a human health *** MI suggested that Badigad River can be considered safer for drinking purposes,and the cancer index(CI)showed that all the reported TEs are at low-risk *** findings of this study could be useful for government agencies in developing more sustainable water management policies in the ***,it is suggested that further investigations should be conducted in terms of other hydrogeochemical variables,including major ions,at spatiotemporal levels for the sustainability of the river basin.

关键词： Trace elements Water quality Health risk assessment Multivariate analysis Badigad River

Endoscopic management of hilar biliary strictures

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015年第8期7卷 806-813页

作者： Rajiv Ranjan singh virendra singh Departments of Hepatology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

Hilar biliary strictures are caused by various benign and malignant conditions. It is difficult to differentiate benign and malignant strictures. Postcholecystectomy benign biliary strictures are frequently encountered. Endoscopic management of these strictures is challenging. An endoscopic method has been advocated that involves placement of increasing number of stents at regular intervals to resolve the stricture. Malignant hilar strictures are mostly unresectable at the time of diagnosis and only palliation is *** palliation is preferred over surgery or radiological intervention. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography is quite important in the management of these strictures. Metal stents are superior to plastic stents. The opinion is divided over the issue of unilateral or bilateral *** contrast or no contrast technique has been advocated during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography of these patients. The role of intraluminal brachytherapy, intraductal ablation devices, photodynamic therapy, and endoscopic ultrasound still remains to be defined.

关键词： Biliary strictures Malignant Benign Endoscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Ultrasonic Attenuation in Calcium Oxide

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2011年第2期1卷 44-49页

作者： Jitendra Kumar Kailash R. Sanjeev Kumar Shrivastava Devraj singh virendra Kumar 不详

Ultrasonic attenuation studies can be used to characterize material not only after production but during processing as well. The most important causes of ultrasonic attenuation in solids are electron-phonon, phonon-phonon interaction and that due to thermo elastic relaxation. The two dominant processes that will give rise to appreciable ultrasonic attenuation at higher temperature are the phonon-phonon interaction also known as Akhiezer loss and that due to thermo elastic relaxation are observed in calcium oxide crystal. At frequencies of ultrasonic range and at higher temperatures in solids, phonon-phonon interaction mechanism is dominating cause for attenuation. Ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon-phonon interaction (α/f2)p-p and thermo elastic relaxation (α/f2)th are evaluated in Calcium Oxide crystal up to an elevated temperature from 100 K - 1500 K along , and crystallographic directions. Temperature dependence of ultrasonic attenuation along different crystallographic direction reveals some typical characteristic features.

关键词： Attenuation Thermo Elastic Relaxation Phonon-Phonon Interaction Akheiser Loss Gruneisen Constants

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印度不断扩大饲草作物生产

国外畜牧学（草原与牧草） 1997年第1期 38-39页

作者： virendra singh 徐长林

为了满足家畜集约化生产对饲草的需要,印度最大限度地扩大饲草种植面积,这是由于其他可以直接被人类利用的作物不可能再增加而产生的压力,而且这些作物的产量将来很可能有下降趋势。为了集约化种植达到最大效益和最满意的系统,应该达... 详细信息

为了满足家畜集约化生产对饲草的需要,印度最大限度地扩大饲草种植面积,这是由于其他可以直接被人类利用的作物不可能再增加而产生的压力,而且这些作物的产量将来很可能有下降趋势。为了集约化种植达到最大效益和最满意的系统,应该达到如下目的: (1)最大潜力,以所要实现的单位面积和单位时间内新鲜牧草和干物质来表示;

关键词：牧草饲料作物栽培

The association of the uterine motion with bladder volume during radiotherapy in gynecological malignancies

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2016年第1期2卷 139-143页

作者： Bhandari virendra Mutneja Abhinav Gurjar Omprakash Saadvik Raghuram Bagdare Priyusha Gupta Krishnlal singh Kanchan Department of Radiation Oncology Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG InstituteIndore 452001India

Aim:This study was performed to assess the extent of interfraction uterine motion during radiotherapy for cervical cancer and uterine body carcinoma while maintaining a strict bladder filling ***:Twenty-four patients with cervical cancer or uterine body carcinoma who were treated on a linear accelerator,were *** the course of external beam radiotherapy,cone beam computed tomographic scans were taken,once at the start of treatment and then weekly until the completion of the radiotherapy *** were instructed to maintain a strict bladder filling *** negating the effect of patient’s setup error by offline cone beam computed tomographic imaging,the position of the uterus was defined in the clinical target *** the position of the uterus was compared in the following weekly *** position of the uterus was also correlated with the position and the filling of the *** change in uterus position was measured separately in the anterioposterior(AP),superioinferior(SI),and lateral ***:According to calculations based on weekly imaging,The mean values of shift in AP,SI,and lateral directions were respectively 0.67,0.29,and 0.23 The mean extent of motion in the uterine position on a daily basis for individual patients ranged from-2.28 to+1.3 in AP,-0.56 to+0.71 in SI,and from-0.6 to+0.45 in lateral ***:At least once a week cone beam computed tomography might be necessary to minimize the geometrical miss and deliver the planned doses to the target tissue and normal structure provide best results with minimum toxicity by maintaining a bladder volume of about 100 mL and an empty rectum during the whole course of *** daily anatomical shift and contour of the patients maintaining a bladder volume of approximately 100 mL with an empty rectum may result in asymmetrical conforming to the planning target volume and hence appropriate and adequate planning target volume margins are r

关键词： Uterine motion weekly computed tomographic evaluation intensity modulated radiotherapy inter-fraction variation bladder volume