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Repetitive Sequences in Plant Nuclear DNA:Types, Distribution, Evolution and Function

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2014年第4期12卷 164-171页

作者： Shweta Mehrotra vinod Goyal Department of Botany University of Delhi

Repetitive DNA sequences are a major component of eukaryotic genomes and may account for up to 90% of the genome size. They can be divided into minisatellite, microsatellite and satellite sequences. Satellite DNA sequences are considered to be a liist-evolving component of eukaryotic genomes, comprising tandemly-arrayed, highly-repetitive and highly-conserved monomer sequences. The monomer unit of satellite DNA is 150M00 base pairs （bp） in length. Repetitive sequences may be species- or genus-specific, and may be centromeric or subtelomeric in nature. They exhibit cohesive and concerted evolution caused by molecular drive, leading to high sequence homogeneity. Repetitive sequences accumulate variations in sequence and copy number during evolution, hence they are important tools for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, and are known as ＂tuning knobs＂ in the evolution. Therefore, knowledge of repetitive sequences assists our understanding of the organization, evolution and behavior of eukaryotic genomes. Repetitive sequences have cytoplasmic, cellular and developmental effects and play a role in chromosomal recombination. In the post-genomics era, with the introduction of next-generation sequencing tech- nology, it is possible to evaluate complex genomes for analyzing repetitive sequences and decipher- ing the yet unknown functional potential of repetitive sequences.

关键词： Repetitive Satellites Tandem Dispersed Concertedsequences evolution Next-generation sequencing

Coupling between fluids and rock deformation in the continental crust:Preface

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 2085-2092页

作者： Silvia Japas Sebastian Oriolo vinod Samuel Instituto de Geociencias Básicas Aplicadas y Ambientales(IGeBA)CONICETUniversidad de Buenos AiresCiudad UniversitariaBuenos AiresArgentina Department of Earth System Sciences Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

*** Fluids are essential and widespread components of the Earth *** regulate the main process of mass and energy transport,conditioning the geochemical and geophysical evolution of the crust(Bredehoeft and Norton.1990)and,consequently,its properties and mechanical *** coupling between fluids,rock deformation,and heat are crucial engines for plate tectonics,playing a leading role in the rheology and evolution of the lithosphere(*** et al.,2000;Kennedy and van Soest,2007;Thompson,2010;Miller.2013;Yardley and Bodnar,2014:Hirauchi et al.,2016:Menzies et al.,2016;Plümper et al.,2017;Vizán et al.,2017).

关键词： rock crust continental

Optimization of urease production by Bacillus halodurans PO15:a mangrove bacterium from Poovar mangroves, India

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2020年第2期2卷 194-202页

作者： vinod Kumar Nathan Jasna Vijayan Ammini Parvathi National Institute of Oceanography CSIR CSIR-NIO Regional CentreKochiKerala 682018India School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA UniversityThirumalasamudramThanjavur 613401India

Mangrove ecosystems are one of the most versatile habitats for microorganisms with a high potential for producing a variety of extracellular hydrolytic *** this study,bacteria with urease activity,enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia,were isolated from mangrove sediments of Poovar(Trivandrum,India).Bacillus halodurans,strain PO15,isolated in this study with high urease(UA)activity(28 U/ml)was subjected to optimization using a Box-Behnken experimental *** variables included incubation period,pH,inoculation percentage and *** factors identified based on the model were incubation period,pH,incubation temperature,and inoculum percentage;variations in these produced a tenfold increase in UA activity(295.80 U/ml).The specific activity of the purified UA enzyme was 62.34 U/mg and was found to be thermostable(active up to 60℃).UA of *** PO15 has potential for microbial-induced biomineralization with a reduction of free Ca^2+ to about 82.8%±0.17%.The microbialinduced calcium precipitation(MICP)using the UA enzyme will potentially be beneficial in the process of biomineralization as well as for a variety of industrial applications.

关键词： Urease Biomineralization Optimization Mangrove Enzymes

A Hierarchical Reconfiguration Strategy for Bus-Based Multiprocessors

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 1990年第2期5卷 175-186页

作者： Ashish Pancholy Fidel Muradali vinod K.Agarwal VLSI Design Laboratory Department of ElectricalEngineeringMcGill University

A method of providing redundancy to a class of bus-based multiprocessor arrays is *** reconfiguration is hierarchical,providing global spare replacement at the array level and local reconfiguration within the spare **... 详细信息

关键词： A Hierarchical Reconfiguration Strategy for Bus-Based Multiprocessors PE

Gender plasticity uncovers multiple sexual morphs in natural populations of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 459-469页

作者： vinod Prasad Khanduri Arun Sukumaran Chandra Mohan Sharma Department of Forestry College of ForestryVCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and ForestryRanichauriTehri GarhwalUttarakhand 249199India Present Address:State Farming Corporation of Kerala Chithalvetty EstateKalanjoor KollamKeralaIndia.

Background:The expression of gender in gymnosperms is challenging because the extent of variability in gender segregations in tree crowns and selection pressure of nature can modify the gender through ***:An in-depth investigation on spatial segregation of genders in tree crowns and sex expression of a total of 500 trees in five different natural populations of Cedrus deodara was carried out and verified the occurrence of subdioecious(co-existence of male,female,and monoecious)genders in ***:Five different sexual morphs were apparent among the 500 selected individuals as(1)pure male(M):bearing only male strobili in the whole crown with 22.2%;(2)pure female(F):bearing only female strobili in the whole crown with 12.4%;(3)mixed-monoecious(MM):bearing both male and female strobili with 13.6%;(4)predominantly female(PF)with 25.6%;and(5)predominantly male(PM)with 26.2%.The occurrence of multiple sexual morphs resulted from the complex selection pressure,which increased the stability of the *** segregation of genders in crown layers deemed to increase the fitness that may be a mechanism for accelerating *** results of the study suggest that the subdioecious gender expression in *** is evolved through the monoecy–paradioecy *** production of male strobili revealed non-significant effect of tree sizes whereas a significant effect was observed for the production of female *** study established that the total pollen and seed outputs in *** changed frequently according to gender ***:The size of the tree,resource availability,sex allocation,plant architecture,gender segregation in crowns,and habitat conditions are the prominent causes for gender plasticity.

关键词： Gender Sex expression Gender segregation Strobili Pre-fertilisation Monoecy Dioecy

Post COVID-19 mucormycosis:A case series

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021年第11期14卷 517-524页

作者： Mala vinod Kaneria Kallappa Baligeri Abhijeet Budhe Department of Medicine Topiwala National Medical College and B.Y.L.Nair Ch.HospitalMumbaiIndia

Objective:To evaluate the associated factors between COVID-19 and ***:Twenty-two patients of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis(including 3 asymptomatic patients who were cured of COVID-19)from a single medical unit of our institute were included.A detailed history was noted,with special emphasis on the time of onset of mucormycosis symptoms,presence of comorbidities,including new onset diabetes,severity of COVID-19,oxygen requirement,details of receipt of steroids and immunomodulators such as tocilizumab,imaging findings,including the number of sinuses involved,bony erosions,orbital and cerebral involvement,microscopy,culture and histopathology reports and antifungals *** interventions including number of debridements,orbital exenteration,maxillectomy,and the vaccination status were ***:All 22 patients had rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis,27.27%in the first wave and 72.73%during the second *** was the commonest comorbidity,and 40.91%patients were newly detected *** time of presentation in relation to their COVID-19 symptoms was 8-15 days(average 12.5 days).Ten out of 22(45.45%)had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 and 40.91%did not require supplemental *** out of 22(22.73%)did not receive *** out of 22(54.55%)had orbital involvement,3(13.64%)had palatal ulcer and 4(18.18%)had cerebral involvement and all these had progressed in spite of treatment with appropriate ***:COVID-19 associated mucormycosis is a frequent,lethal,post COVID-19 complication,occurring even in mild and asymptomatic cases who have not received steroids or oxygen.

关键词： Mucormycosis COVID-19 Steroids Amphotericin B

Reproductive biology of Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb.: a native species in East Asia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 2039-2050页

作者： vinod Prasad Khanduri Arun Sukumaran Chandra Mohan Sharma College of Forestry VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry

The reproductive biology of Cornus capitata was studied in detail from June 2014 to October 2015 in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, India and elucidated floral morphology, confirming autogamy, geitonogamy, and xenogamy. A new inflorescence ball formed each year with developing fruits that were initiated the previous year; thus reproduction is a continuous cycle. The total pollen production within a tree ranged between 4.0 × 10~7 and 9.3 × 10~7. Anthesis peaked between 08:00 and 10:00. There was significant effect of micro-environmental condition on anthesis(F = 243.8, p = 3.01). A significant positive relationship between the number of lateral shoots and total inflorescence showed that the inflorescence production in C. capitate depends largely on the number of lateral shoots. Time and concentration of various solutions significantly affected pollen germination(time: F = 5.39, p = 0.002; concentration: F = 1.40,p = 0.234). Anthophora bees and thrips were observed as the main pollinators. There was a significant difference in seed set between natural and obligate self-pollination(t = 11.84, p = 1.99). Significant effect was also observed on fruit size(t = 8.88, p = 2.09) between open and shaded conditions. SEM micrographs of pollen grains showed that the shape of dehydrated pollen grains differed greatly due to variations in the rate of dehydration among pollen grains within the anther. Seed germination was observed only in quality seed derived from open pollination, supporting xenogamy in C. capitata. Findings of the present study will be of immense value in formulating effective conservation measures for the species in wild habitats.

关键词： Floral development Pollen production Pollination Pollinators Reproductive success SEM analysis

Temporal and spatial variation of pollen yield in natural populations of Pinus roxburghii

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第1期14卷 20-29页

作者： vinod Prasad KHANDURI Department of Forestry Mizoram UniversityTanhrilAizawl 796001India

Male components of the reproduction process in Pinus roxburghii were investigated for their variation in time and space as well as pollination, viz. flowering phenology, pollen production variability and pollen dispersal, for five successive years at two different locations （at the lower and higher elevations）. The study reveals that elevation and the hour of the day are the main determi- nants of anthesis and microsporangium dehiscence, because both are related to temperature and humidity. The receptivity of ovulate cone strobili or female strobili occurred earlier at the lower elevation than at the higher elevation, with a longer receptivity period in the latter case. The phenology of male and female cones varied significantly between years and elevations. The determinations of pol- len yield considered various sources of variability, i.e., the number of pollen strobili per branch, strobili per tree, microsporangia per tree and pollen grains per tree. Each of these parameters revealed significant year-to-year and elevation effects. Year-to-year varia- tion in the production of pollen cone and pollen grains with mass production after a three-year period revealed a three-year cycle of masting in pollen production in P. roxburghii. The pollen dispersal decreased quickly with distance from the pollen source. As a con- sequence, a distance of 600 m was proposed as a minimum to prevent contamination by pollen in the management of seed orchards. The results ultimately suggest that the ample production of pollen grains per tree along with flowering synchrony and long dispersal of pollen grains results in homogeneity in large populations.

关键词： chir pine pollen cone gene flow elevation Himalayas

Pollinator-mediated self-pollination and reproductive assurance in an isolated tree of Magnolia grandiflora L.

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 517-525页

作者： Arun Sukumaran vinod Prasad Khanduri Chandra Mohan Sharma College of Forestry VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and ForestryRanichauriTehri GarhwalUttarakhand 249199India

Background:The ability to produce seeds when pollinators or potential mates are scarce is one of the principal advantages of self-pollination in flowering ***,the role of pollinators mediating self-pollination to ensure seed set when pollen or potential mates are limited has received less *** study examined the reproductive consequences and involvement of pollinators in assuring seed set in an isolated tree of Magnolia grandiflora,a predominantly outcrossing ***:We tested various aspects of reproduction such as flower density,floral rewards,stigma receptivity,pollinator abundance and behaviour,fruit set and seed set,in two successive reproductive years(2015-2016).Results:Flowers of *** possess a suite of traits facilitating pollinator-mediated self-pollination(PMS),although the chances of autonomous self-pollination are reduced due to herkogamy,spatial separation of anther and *** mean pollen production/flower was 5,152,289±285,094 with a pollen-to-ovule ratio of 39430±*** found a significant positive correlation between number of visits and seed production for bees(r=0.5099,p=0.0007)and beetles(r=0.7159,p=0.00001),indicating these are effective at *** was a significant negative correlation for thrips(r=-0.3206,p=0.044)and no correlation for flies or *** percent fruit set was 100%and the seed set per ovule ranged between 19 and 20%.Conclusions:PMS will guarantee reproductive assurance and mitigate the effect of reduced mates or pollen limitation which is expected to increase the fecundity and establishment of individual trees in geographically isolated locations.

关键词： Pollinator-mediated self-pollination Magnolia grandiflora Autonomous self-pollination Pollinator behaviour Reproductive assurance