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A different view. sensory drive in the polarized-light realm

Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 513-523页

作者： Thomas w. CRONIN Department of Biological Sciences University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21250 USA

Sensory drive, the concept that sensory systems primarily evolve under the influence of environmen tal features and that animal signals are evolutionarily shaped and tuned by these previously existing sensory systems, has been thoroughly studied regarding visual signals across many animals. Much of this w.rk has focused on spectral aspects of vision and signals. Here, I review.w.rk on polarized light signals of animals and relate these to w.at is know. of polarization visual systems, polarized light aspects of visual scenes, and polarizationrelated behavior （e.g., orientation, habitatfinding, contrast enhancement）. Other than the broad patterns of scattered polarized light in the sky, most po larization in both terrestrial and aquatic environments results from either reflection or scattering in the horizontal plane. w.th overhead illumination, horizontal features such as the surfaces of many leaves or of air： w.ter interfaces reflect horizontal polarization, and w.ter scatters horizontally polar ized light under most conditions. Several animal species have been demonstrated to use horizontally polarized light fields or features in critical aspects of their biology. Significantly, most biological sig nals are also horizontally polarized. Here, I present relevant polarizationrelated behavior and discuss the hypothesis that sensory drive has evolutionarily influenced the structure of polarization signals. The paper also considers the evolutionary origin of circular polarization vision and circularly polar ized signals. It appears that this class of signals did not evolve under the influence of sensory drive. The study of signals based on polarized light is becoming a mature field of research.

关键词： animal communication polarized light sensory drive vision visual signal

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Annual temperatures during the last 2485 years in the mid-eastern Tibetan Plateau inferred from tree rings

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第3期52卷 348-359页

作者： Hans w. LINDERHOLM Regional Climate Group Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg

By combining living trees and archaeological w.od, the annual mean temperatures w.re reconstructed based on ring-w.dth indices of the mid-eastern Tibetan Plateau for the past 2485 years. The climate variations revealed by the reconstruction indicate that there w.re four periods to have average tem- peratures similar to or even higher than that mean of 1970 to 2000 AD. A particularly notable rapid shift from cold to w.rm, w. call it the "Eastern Jin Event", occurred from 348 AD to 413 AD. Calculation re- sults show.that the temperature variations over the mid-eastern Tibetan Plateau are not only repre- sentative for large parts of north-central China, but also closely correspond to those of the entire Northern Hemisphere over long time scales. During the last 2485 years, the dow.fall of most major dynasties in China coincides w.th intervals of low.temperature. Compared w.th the temperature records in other regions of China during the last 1000 years, this reconstruction from the Tibetan Plateau show. a significant w.rming trend after the 1950s.

关键词： mid-eastern Tibetan Plateau tree rings temperature variations dynasty’s dow.fall

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Phylogenetic Analysis of the Plant-specific Zinc Finger-Homeobox and Mini Zinc Finger Gene Families

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第8期50卷 1031-1045页

作者： Claude w. dePamphilis Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA 16802 USA

Zinc finger-homeodomain proteins （ZHD） are present in many plants; how.ver, the evolutionary history of the ZHD gene family remains largely unknow.. w. show.here that ZHD genes are plant-specific, nearly all intronless, and related to MINI ZINC FINGER （MIF） genes that possess only the zinc finger. Phylogenetic analyses of ZHD genes from representative land plants suggest that *** plant ZHD genes occupy basal positions and angiosperm homologs form seven distinct clades. Several clades contain genes from tw. or more major angiosperm groups, including eudicots, monocots, magnoliids, and other basal angiosperms, indicating that several duplications occurred before the diversification of flow.ring plants. In addition, specific lineages have experienced more recent duplications. Unlike the ZHD genes, MIFs are found only from seed plants, possibly derived from ZHDs by loss of the homeodomain before the divergence of seed plants. Moreover, the MIF genes have also undergone relatively recent gene duplications. Finally, genome duplication might have contributed substantially to the expansion of family size in angiosperms and caused a high level of functional redundancy/overlap in these genes.

关键词： gene duplication gene family evolution Mini Zinc Finger Physcomitrella poplar Selaginella zinc finger-homeodomain proteins

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Bi_(2)S_(3) for Aqueous Zn Ion Battery w.th Enhanced Cycle Stability

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第1期12卷 93-101页

作者： Ting Xiong Yinming w.ng Bosi Yin w.n Shi w.e Siang vincent lee Junmin Xue Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117573Singapore Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre National University of SingaporeSingapore 117546Singapore MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New.Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyNo.92 West‑Da Zhi StreetHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China

Aqueous Zn ion batteries(ZIBs)are promising in energy storage due to the low.cost,high safety,and material *** development of metal oxides as the cathode for ZIBs is limited by the strong electrostatic forces betw.en O2−and Zn2+w.ich leads to poor cyclic ***,Bi2S3 is proposed as a promising cathode material for rechargeable aqueous *** cyclic stability and fast diffusion of Zn2+is ***,the layered structure of Bi2S3 w.th the w.ak van der w.als interaction betw.en layers offers paths for diffusion and occupancy of Zn2+.As a result,the Zn/Bi2S3 battery delivers high capacity of 161 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and good cycling stability up to 100 cycles w.th ca.100%*** battery also demonstrates good cyclic performance of ca.80.3%over 2000 cycles at 1 A g−*** storage mechanism in the Bi2S3 cathode is related to the reversible Zn ion intercalation/extraction reactions and the capacitive *** w.rk indicates that Bi2S3 show. great potential as the cathode of ZIBs w.th good performance and stability.

关键词： Aqueous Zn ion battery Bi_(2)S_(3) Good stability

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Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived therapies for regeneration after central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3063-3075页

作者： Stephen Vidman Yee Hang Ethan Ma Nolan Fullenkamp Giles w.Plant Department of Neuroscience Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

In recent years,the progression of stem cell therapies has show. great promise in advancing the nascent field of regenerative *** the non-regenerative nature of the mature central nervous system,the concept that“blank”cells could be reprogrammed and functionally integrated into host neural netw.rks remained *** w.rk has also demonstrated the ability of such cells to stimulate intrinsic grow.h programs in post-mitotic cells,such as *** embryonic stem cells demonstrated great potential in treating central nervous system pathologies,ethical and technical concerns *** barriers,along w.th the clear necessity for this type of treatment,ultimately prompted the advent of induced pluripotent stem *** advantage of pluripotent cells in central nervous system regeneration is multifaceted,permitting differentiation into neural stem cells,neural progenitor cells,glia,and various neuronal *** precise spatiotemporal application of extrinsic grow.h factors in vitro,in addition to microenvironmental signaling in vivo,influences the efficiency of this directed *** the pluri-or multipotency of these cells is appealing,it also poses the risk of unregulated differentiation and teratoma *** of the neuroectodermal lineage,such as neuronal subpopulations and glia,have been explored w.th varying degrees of *** the risk of cancer or teratoma formation is greatly reduced,each subpopulation varies in effectiveness and is influenced by a myriad of factors,such as the timing of the transplant,pathology type,and the ratio of accompanying progenitor ***,successful transplantation requires innovative approaches to develop delivery vectors that can mitigate cell death and support ***,host immune responses to allogeneic grafts must be thoroughly characterized and further developed to reduce the need for *** to a clinical setting w.

关键词： axon regeneration central nervous system regeneration induced pluripotent stem cells neurotrauma regenerative medicine spinal cord injury stem cell therapy

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Is Brenner＇s Modification to the Classical Navier-Stokes Equations Able to Describe Sound Propagation in Gases？

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第4期25卷 1355-1358页

作者： w. Marques Jr. Departamento de Fisica Universidade Federal do Parana Calxa Postal 19044 81531-990 Curitiba Brazil

w. analyse the problem concerning the propagation of sound w.ves in gases by using the modified hydrodynamic theory proposed recently by Brenner for single-component fluids. The modifications introduced by Brenner are based on his proposal that the translational momentum in fluid motion is not given by the mass flux. Comparison of the sound propagation results derived from Brenner＇s theory w.th available experimental data for monatomic gases show. that this modified continuum theory is unable to describe the acoustic measurements not even in the low.frequency limit, a result that from our point of view.makes Brenner＇s proposal questionable.

关键词： NAVIER-Stokes equations PARTIAL differential equations FLUID dynamics CONTINUUM mechanics

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How.does innovation's tail risk determine marginal tail risk of a stationary financial time series?

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Science China Mathematics 2004年第3期47卷 321-338页

作者： YU Bosco w. T. PANG w. K. Department of Business Studies The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong KongDepartment of Applied Mathematics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

w. discuss the relationship betw.en the marginal tail risk probability and the innovation'stail risk probability for some stationary financial time series *** first give the main results on the tail behavior of a class of infinite w.ighted sums of random variablesw.th heavy-tailed probabilities. And then, the main results are applied tothree important types of time series models:infinite order moving averages, the simple bilinear time series and the solutions of stochasticdifference equations. The explicit formulas are given to describe how.the marginaltail probabilities come from the innovation's tail probabilities for these time *** results can be applied to the tail estimation of time series and are useful for risk analysis in finance.

关键词： risk analysis, infinite w.ighted sum, moving average, bilinear model, stochastic difference equation, tail probability, vague convergence.

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Nonlinear dynamic behavior of inhomogeneous functional plates composed of sigmoid graded metal-ceramic materials

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2018年第11期61卷 1654-1665页

作者： w.NG YanQing ZU Jean w. Department of Mechanics Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines Northeastern University Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto

This paper presents a study on nonlinear vibration of inhomogeneous functional plates composed of sigmoid graded metalceramic materials. The material properties vary continuously along the thickness direction according to a sigmoid distribution rule, w.ich is defined by piecew.se functions to ensure smooth distribution of stress among all the interfaces. The geometric nonlinearity is considered by adopting the von Kármán geometrical relations. Based on the d'Alembert's principle, the nonlinear out-of-plane equation of motion of the plates is developed. The Galerkin method is employed to discretize the motion equation to a series of ordinary differential ones, w.ich are subsequently analyzed via the use of the method of harmonic balance. Then, the analytical results are validated by the comparison to numerical solutions, w.ich are obtained by using the adaptive step-size fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The stability of the steady-state response is examined by the perturbation technique. Results show.the first and third modes are both activated w.ile the second mode is not activated for the plates under harmonic point excitation. The frequency response relationships of activated modes exhibit very complicated curves due to the nonlinear modal interaction. In addition, influences of key system parameters on nonlinear vibrational characteristics of the present inhomogeneous plates are illustrated.

关键词： inhomogeneous functional plates sigmoid graded metal-ceramic material nonlinear vibration response harmonic balance method

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COMPARING Tw. CLUSTERING-BASED TECHNIQUES TO TRACK MOBILE NODES IN INDUSTRIAL w.RELESS SENSOR NETw.RKS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2016年第2期25卷 177-209页

作者： Mohammad Gholami Robert w. Brennan Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4

Tracking mobile nodes in dynamic and noisy conditions of industrial environments has provided a paradigm for many issues inherent in the area of distributed control systems in general and w.reless sensor netw.rks in particular. Due to the dynamic nature of the industrial environments, a practical tracking system is required that is adaptable to the changes in the environment. More specifically, given the limited resources of w.reless nodes and the challenges created by harsh industrial environments there is a need for a technique that can modify the configuration of the system on the fly as new.w.reless nodes are added to the netw.rk and obsolete ones are removed. To address these issues, tw. cluster-based tracking systems, one static and the other dynamic, are proposed to organize the overall netw.rk field into a set of tracking zones, each composed of a sink node and a set of corresponding anchor nodes. To manage the w.reless nodes activities and inter and intra cluster communications, an agent-based technique is employed. To compare the architectures, w. report on a set of experiments performed in JADE （Java Agent Development Environment）. In these experiments, w. compare tw. agent-based approaches （dynamic and static） for managing clusters of w.reless sensor nodes in a distributed tracking system. The experimental results corroborate the efficiency of the static clusters versus the robustness and effectiveness of the dynamic clusters.

关键词： w.reless sensor netw.rks tracking mobile nodes factory automation distributed adaptive systems reconfigurability

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State of machine and deep learning in histopathological applications in digestive diseases

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w.rld Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第20期27卷 2545-2575页

作者： Soma Kobayashi Joel H Saltz vincent w.Yang Department of Biomedical Informatics Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States Department of Medicine Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States Department of Physiology and Biophysics Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States

Machine learning(ML)-and deep learning(DL)-based imaging modalities have exhibited the capacity to handle extremely high dimensional data for a number of computer vision *** these approaches have been applied to numerous data types,this capacity can be especially leveraged by application on histopathological images,w.ich capture cellular and structural features w.th their highresolution,microscopic ***,these methodologies have demonstrated promising performance in a variety of applications like disease classification,cancer grading,structure and cellular localizations,and prognostic predictions.A w.de range of pathologies requiring histopathological evaluation exist in gastroenterology and hepatology,indicating these as disciplines highly targetable for integration of these *** have also already been primed to consider the impact of these algorithms,as development of real-time endoscopic video analysis softw.re has been an active and popular field of *** heightened clinical aw.reness w.ll likely be important for future integration of these methods and to drive interdisciplinary collaborations on emerging *** provide an overview.on the application of these methodologies for gastrointestinal and hepatological histopathological slides,this review.w.ll discuss general ML and DL concepts,introduce recent and emerging literature using these methods,and cover challenges moving forw.rd to further advance the field.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Deep learning Gastroenterology Hepatology Histopathology

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