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Gradient descent decomposition of force-field motor primitives optogenetically elicited for motor mapping of the murine lumbosacral spinal cord

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Zoological Research 2023年第3期44卷 604-619页

作者： Paola Salmas vincent c.k cheung School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina kunming Institute of Zoology-The chinese University of Hong kong(kIZ-cUHk)Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of common Diseases Hong Kong SARChina

Generating diverse motor behaviors critical for survival is a challenge that confronts the central nervous system(cNS)of all *** movement execution,the cNS performs complex calculations to control a large number of neuromusculoskeletal *** theory of modular motor control proposes that spinal interneurons are organized in discrete modules that can be linearly combined to generate a variety of behavioral *** modules have been previously represented as stimulus-evoked force fields(FFs)comprising isometric limb-endpoint forces across workspace ***,we ask whether FFs elicited by different stimulations indeed represent the most elementary units of motor control or are themselves the combination of a limited number of even more fundamental motor *** probe for potentially more elementary modules,we optogenetically stimulated the lumbosacral spinal cord of intact and spinalized Thy1-chR2 transgenic mice(n=21),eliciting FFs from as many single stimulation loci as possible(20-70 loci per mouse)at minimally necessary *** found that the resulting varieties of FFs defied simple categorization with just a few *** used gradient descent to further decompose the FFs into their underlying basic force fields(BFFs),whose linear combination explained FF *** mice,we identified 4-5 BFFs with partially localizable but overlapping representations along the spinal *** BFFs were structured and topographically distributed in such a way that a rostral-to-caudal traveling wave of activity across the lumbosacral spinal cord may generate a swing-to-stance gait *** BFFs may represent more rudimentary submodules that can be flexibly merged to produce a library of motor modules for building different motor behaviors.

关键词： Motor mapping Optogenetics Spinal cord Motor primitives Traveling wave

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characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Hong kong:A 5-year study for three different archetypical sites

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 424-440页

作者： Yuchen Mai vincent cheung Peter k.k.Louie kenneth Leung Jimmy c.H.Fung Alexis k.H.Lau Donald R.B.lake Dasa Gu Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Environmental Protection Department Hong Kong 999077China Environment and Ecology Bureau Hong Kong 999077China Department of chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvine 92617USA

Initial success has been achieved in Hong kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three *** organic compounds(VOcs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major *** study analyzed VOc characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source *** showthat the TVOc concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,*** using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,*** findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOc sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds Positive matrix factorization Source apportionment Ozone formation

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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon c.Daeschler katelyn J.W.So konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny cheung Jennifer Zhang kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel Sic.kids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

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Mini-review on edible mushrooms as source of dietary fiber:Preparation and health benefits

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2013年第3期2卷 162-166页

作者： Peter c.k.cheung Food and Nutritional Sciences School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Dietary fiber and high-fiber food products have attracted great attention because of their significant health benefits to *** are valuable resources for food,medicine and *** mushroom is considered as a novel source of dietary *** dietary fiber content and composition in edible mushroom vary greatly with its morphological stages including fruit body,mycelium and *** focus of this mini-review is on the preparation of dietary fiber from edible mushroom with emphasis on the sclerotium which has the highest level of non-starch *** possible health benefits of mushroom dietary fiber in relationship with boosting the immune system,anticancer functions as well as the control of blood lipids and glucose levels are also discussed.©2013 Beijing Academy of Food *** and hosting by Elsevier *** rights reserved.

关键词： Dietary fiber Edible mushrooms Health benefits Preparation

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conceptualizing Mining of Firm's Web Log Files

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2017年第6期8卷 489-510页

作者： Ruangsak TRAkUNPHUTTHIRAk Yen cheung vincent c.S.LEE Faculty of IT Clayton CampusMonash University25 Exhibition WalkClaytonAustralia

In this era of a data-driven society, useful data(Big Data) is often unintentionally ignored due to lack of convenient tools and expensive software. For example, web log files can be used to identify explicit information of browsing patterns when users access web sites. Some hidden information,however, cannot be directly derived from the log files. We may need external resources to discover more knowledge from browsing patterns. The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of web usage mining based on web log files. The outcome of this study sets further directions of this investigation on what and how implicit information embedded in log files can be efficiently and effectively extracted. Further work involves combining the use of social media data to improve business decision quality.

关键词： web usage mining web log files Big Data machine learning business intelligence

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Development of Asymmetric convection in a Tropical cyclone under Environmental Uniform Flow and Vertical Wind Shear

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第12期41卷 2399-2418页

作者： Yubin LI Yuncong JIANG Johnny c.L.cHAN kevin k.W.cheung School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Asia-Pacific Typhoon collaborative Research center Shanghai 201306China School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Emergency Management Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Idealized numerical simulations have been carried out to reveal the complexity in the development of asymmetric convection in a tropical cyclone(Tc)under the influence of an environment with either uniform flow,vertical wind shear(VWS),or *** show that rainwater is enhanced to the right of the motion in the outer rainband,but such enhancement occurs in the upshear-left area of the inner-core ***,due to the asymmetries introduced by environmental flow,wavenumber-1 temperature and height anomalies develop at a radius of~1000 km in the upper levels.A sub-vortex aside from the Tc center encompassing the wavenumber-1 warm center appears,and asymmetric horizontal winds emerge,which,in turn,changes the storm-scale(within 400 km)*** convection in the inner core closely follows the changing storm-scale VWS when its magnitude is larger than 2 m s^(-1) and is located downshear of the storm-scale VWS in all the experiments with environmental *** the outer rainbands,the maximum boundary layer convergence is mainly controlled by the direction of motion and is located in the rear-right *** results extend upon the findings of previous studies in three aspects:(1)The discovery of the roughly linear combination effect from the uniform flow and large-scale VWS;(2)The development of upper-level asymmetric winds on a 1000-km scale through the interaction between the Tc vortex and environmental flow,resulting in changes in the storm-scale VWS pattern within the Tc area;(3)The revelation that Tc asymmetric convection closely aligns with the direction-varying storm-scale VWS instead of the initially designated VWS.

关键词： tropical cyclone environmental flow vertical wind shear asymmetric convection inner core outer rainband

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Akt3 promotes cancer stemness in triple-negative breast cancer through YB1-Snail/Slug signaling axis

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第2期10卷 301-306页

作者： Ye Tian Jiang Li Tsz chung cheung vincent Tam c. Geoffrey Lau Xin Wang Y.Rebecca chin Tung Biomedical Sciences centre Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina Department of Neuroscience City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina city University of Hong kong Shenzhen Research Institute ShenzhenGuangdong 518057China Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina

Dear Editor,Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBc)is an aggressive breast cancer subtype enriched in cancer stem cells(cScs),which is characterized by high malignancy and drug resistance.1 The PI3k/Akt signaling cascade is frequently hyperactivated in *** and non-redundant functions of the three Akt isoforms in tumorigenesis,however,have not been studied *** is noteworthy that despite a few isoform-specific substrates have been identified for Akt1 and Akt2,an Akt3-specific substrate is yet to be *** have previously shown that overexpression of Akt3,but not Akt1 or Akt2,plays an essential role in TNBc growth and therapeutic resistance of breast cancer.2 However,the role of Akt3 in TNBc cScs remains unclear.

关键词： Akt1 breast Akt3

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Is there an anatomical endophenotype for neurodevelopmental disorders? A review of dual disorder anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses of grey matter volumes

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chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第32期56卷 3376-3381页

作者： McALONAN Grainne M YU kevin k cHAN Raymond c.k cHUA Siew E cheung charlton Department of Psychiatry the University of Hong Kong State key Laboratory for Brain and cognitive Sciences the University of Hong Kong Neuropsychology and Applied cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The term "neurodevelopmental disorder" broadly encompasses conditions thought to arise early in development and includes schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism among others. These conditions share a number of genetic and environmental risk factors postulated to lead to common difficulties in socio-emotional processing, communication and cognitive function. The alternative position is that, while the same traits are affected across these conditions, the nature or direction in which they are modified may be distinct. MRI studies provide a rapidly expanding and rich database which we propose can be used to contribute to this debate. Anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) is a method of meta-analysis applied to voxel-based MRI studies. We have adapted this method to explore the extent to which schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and autism share a common brain structural phenotype. We will review this work here and discuss whether there is sufficient other evidence to justify a common framework for further research into the inter-relatedness of such conditions.

关键词：神经疾病似然估计审查工作解剖精神分裂症稳定质数进修

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A family study of endophenotypes for psychosis within an early intervention programme in Hong kong: Rationale and preliminary findings

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chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第32期56卷 3394-3397页

作者： LUI Simon S Y SHAM Pak cHAN Raymond c.k cheung Eric F c Neuropsychology and Applied cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of chinese Academy of Sciences castle Peak Hospital Department of Psychiatry the University of Hong Kong

The study of endophenotypes may be a viable strategy to tackle the genetic complexity and phenotypic heterogeneity of psychosis, but this research direction is relatively under-developed in china as compared to Western countries. We have recently initiated one of the first family studies of endophenotypes for psychosis in china. Patients entering an established early psychosis intervention service are recruited into this research project for phenotyping, endophenotyping and genotyping. At the endophenotypic level, four domains (neurological soft signs, neurocognition of prospective memory, social cognition of facial emotion recognition, and affective cognition of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure) are studied in the sample of patients with psychosis and their unaffected siblings. This article illustrates the benefit of a research-oriented clinical programme and its findings based on the data collected as of early 2011.

关键词：精神病患者稳定家庭早期原理预计香港面部表情识别

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Evolving treatment landscape for early and advanced pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第7期9卷 281-292页

作者： Sally c Lau Winson Y cheung Division of Medical Oncology University of British Columbia British Columbia Cancer Agency Department of Oncology University of Calgary Tom Baker Cancer Center

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an infrequent cancer with a high disease related mortality rate, even in the context of early stage disease. Until recently, the rate of death from pancreatic cancer has remained largely similar whereby gemcitabine monotherapy was the mainstay of systemic treatment for most stages of disease. With the discovery of active multiagent chemotherapy regimens, namely FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, the treatment landscape of pancreatic cancer is slowly evolving. FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel are now considered standard first line treatment options in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Studies are ongoing to investigate the utility of these same regimens in the adjuvant setting. The potential of these treatments to downstage disease is also being actively examined in the locally advanced context since neoadjuvant approaches may improve resection rates and surgical outcomes. As more emerging data become available, the management of pancreatic cancer is anticipated to change significantly in the coming years.

关键词： cancer Neoplasm Pancreas Adjuvant treatment Systemic treatment Gemcitabine FOLFIRINOX Nab-paclitaxel

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