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Postprandial dyslipidemia in insulin resistant states in adolescent populations

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2020年第5期34卷 328-342页

作者： victoria Higgins Khosrow Adeli Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Laboratory Medicine Research InstituteThe Hospital for Sick Children Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoON M5G 1X8Canada

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are becoming increasingly prevalent not only in adults,but also in *** metabolic syndrome,a complex cluster of metabolic abnormalities,increases one’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease(CVD).Dyslipidemia,a key component of the metabolic syndrome,is highly associated with insulin resistance and contributes to increased CVD *** has traditionally been assessed using a fasting lipid profile [*** triglycerides,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)].However,the postprandial state predominates over the course of a day and non-fasting triglycerides independently predict CVD *** insulin resistant states,the intestine overproduces triglyceride-rich lipoprotein(TRL) particles,termed chylomicrons(CMs),following ingestion of a fat-containing meal,as well as in the fasting *** with elevated hepatic TRLs(***-low density lipoproteins),CMs contribute to remnant lipoprotein accumulation,small dense LDL particles,and reduced HDL-C,which collectively increase CVD *** the early genesis of atherosclerosis and physiological metabolic changes during adolescence,studying postprandial dyslipidemia in the adolescent population is an important area of *** dyslipidemia in the pediatric population poses a significant public health concern,warranting a better understanding of its pathogenesis and association with insulin resistance and *** review discusses the metabolic syndrome,focusing on the link between insulin resistance,postprandial dyslipidemia,and CVD ***,the clinical significance and functional assessment of postprandial dyslipidemia,specifically in the adolescent population,is discussed in more detail.

关键词： dyslipidemias insulin resistance obesity adolescent apolipoprotein B-48 lipoproteins

Perspectives in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第31期21卷 9297-9316页

作者： Angel Cid-Arregui victoria Juarez German Cancer Research Center Trans- lational ImmunologyTumor Immunology Program Asteria Pharma GmbH 68723 OftersheimGermany

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is an incurable lethal disease whose incidence rate is growing. There is no effective screening for detection of early stage tumors and,in most cases,PDAC is diagnosed at advanced disease stages,when radical pancreatic resection is not possible. The aggressive nature of pancreatic tumor cells lies in the complex genetic mechanisms behind their uncontrolled capability to grow and metastasize,which involve essential adaptive changes in cellular metabolism,signaling,adhesion and immunoediting. In addition,PDAC cells promote a dense functional stroma that facilitates tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. During the last two decades,gemcitabine has been the reference for the systemic treatment of PDAC. However,recently,a regimen combining fluorouracil,irinotecan,oxaliplatin,and leucovorin(FOLFIRINOX) and another combining albumin-bound paclitaxel with gemcitabine have shown clear therapeutic advantage in advanced PDAC,with survival outcomes of 11.3 and 8.5 mo on phase Ⅲ trials,respectively,over singleagent gemcitabine. With the pending issue of their higher toxicities,these regimens set the reference for ongoing and future clinical studies in advanced PDAC. In addition,the efficacy of oral fluoropyrimidine(s-1) has been well documented in Asiatic PDAC patients. The development of therapeutic approaches other than cytotoxic drugs has proven difficult in the past,with only one drug(erlotinib) approved to date. Besides,a number of agents targeting signaling pathways in tumor or stroma cells are being investigated. Likewise,immunotherapies that target PDAC in various ways are the subject of a number of clinical trials. The search for reliable biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic value using genomics and mass spectrometry methods may facilitate monitoring and refinement of therapies. This review focuses on current understanding of the pathogenesis of PDAC and the latest developments in the treatment of advanced PDAC.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Tumor sur-veillance Biom

Plant geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases: every (gene) family has a story

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aBIOTECH 2021年第3期2卷 289-298页

作者： M.victoria Barja Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG)CsIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Campus UAB Bellaterra08193 Barce-lonaSpain Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology(BMCP) CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia46022 ValenciaSpain

Plant isoprenoids(also known as terpenes or terpenoids)are a wide family of primary and secondary metabolites with multiple *** particular,most photosynthesis-related isoprenoids(including carotenoids and chlorophylls)as well as diterpenes and polyterpenes derive from geranylgeranyl diphosphate(GGPP)produced by GGPP synthase(GGPPs)enzymes in several cell *** genomes typically harbor multiple copies of differentially expressed genes encoding GGPPs-like *** sequence comparisons allow to identify potential GGPPs candidates,experimental evidence is required to ascertain their enzymatic activity and biologi cal ***,functional analyses of the full set of potential GGPPs paralogs are only available for a handful of plant *** we review our current knowledge on the GGPPs families of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the crop species rice(0ryza sativa),pepper(Capsicum annuum)and tomato(solanum lycopersicum).The results indicate that a major determinant of the biological role of particular GGPPs paralogs is the expression profile of the corresponding genes even though specific interactions with other proteins(including GGPP-consuming enzymes)might also contribute to *** some species,however,a single GGPPs isoforms appears to be responsible for the production of most if not all GGPP required for cell *** the mechanisms regulating GGPPs activity in particular cell compartments,tissues,organs and plant species will be very useful for future metabolic engineering approaches aimed to manipulate the accumulation of particular GGPP-derived products of interest without negatively impacting the levels of other isoprenoids required to sustain essential cell functions.

关键词： Geranylgeranyl diphosphate GGPP GGPP synthase Isoprenoid Isoprenyl transferase

Contrasting levels of genotype by environment interaction for life history and morphological traits in invasive populations of Zaprionus indianus(Diptera:Drosophilidae)

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Insect science 2020年第5期27卷 1090-1100页

作者： Nicolas J.Lavagnino Marcos Imberti victoria E.Ortizj Nicolas Flaibani Juan Jose Fanara Laboratorio de Evolucion Departamento de EcologiaGenetica y EvolucidnFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresArgentina IEGEBA-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresArgentina

It has been demonstrated that phenotypic plasticity and genotype by envi-ronment interaction are important for coping with new and heterogeneous environments during *** indianus Gupta(Diptera:Drosophilidae)is an Afrotropical invasive fly species introduced to the south American continent in *** species is generalist and polyphagous,since it develops and feeds in several different fruit *** characteristics of *** suggest that phenotypic plasticity and genotype by environment interaction may be important in this species invasion *** this sense,our aim was to investigate the role of genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity(geno-type by environment interaction)in *** invasion of the south American ***,we quantified quantitative genetic variation and genotype by environment in-teractions of morphological and life history traits in different developmental environments,that is,host *** was done in different populations in the invasive range of ***-anus in *** showed that *** populations have considerable amounts of quantitative genetic ***,genotype by environment interactions was detected for the different traits analyzed in response to the different developmental ***,the amounts and patterns of these parameters differed between *** interpreled these results as the existence of diferences in evolutionary potential be-tween populations that have an important role in the short-and long-term success of the *** invasion process.

关键词： biological invasion genotype by env ironment interaction invaded range life history traits morphological traits Zaprionus indianus

Unveiling DNA methylation in Alzheimer’s disease:a review of array-based human brain studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2365-2376页

作者： victoria Cunha Alves Eva Carro Joana Figueiro-silva Neurodegenerative Diseases Group Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute(imas12)MadridSpain Network Center for Biomedical Research Neurodegenerative Diseases(CIBERNED)MadridSpain PhD Program in Neuroscience Autonoma de Madrid UniversityMadridSpain Neurotraumatology and subarachnoid Hemorrhage Group Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute(imas12)MadridSpain Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease Unit Functional Unit for Research Into Chronic DiseasesInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain Institute of Medical Genetics University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Molecular Life science University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland

The intricacies of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis are being increasingly illuminated by the exploration of epigenetic mechanisms,particularly DNA *** review comprehensively surveys recent human-centered studies that investigate whole genome DNA methylation in Alzheimer’s disease *** examination of various brain regions reveals distinctive DNA methylation patterns that associate with the Braak stage and Alzheimer’s disease *** entorhinal cortex emerges as a focal point due to its early histological alterations and subsequent impact on downstream regions like the ***,ANK1 hypermethylation,a protein implicated in neurofibrillary tangle formation,was recurrently identified in the entorhinal ***,the middle temporal gyrus and prefrontal cortex were shown to exhibit significant hypermethylation of genes like HOXA3,RHBDF2,and MCF2L,potentially influencing neuroinflammatory *** complex role of BIN1 in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is underscored by its association with altered methylation *** the disparities across studies,these findings highlight the intricate interplay between epigenetic modifications and Alzheimer’s disease *** research efforts should address methodological variations,incorporate diverse cohorts,and consider environmental factors to unravel the nuanced epigenetic landscape underlying Alzheimer’s disease progression.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease ANK1 BIN1 DNA methylation epigenome-wide association studies HOXA3 MCF2L RHBDF2

Mycelium as a self-growing biobased material for the fabrication of single-layer masks

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 399-407页

作者： victoria French Chuanshen Du E.Johan Foster Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Vancouver Bioproducts InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z3Canada

Disposable face masks are an essential piece of personal protective equipment for workers in medical facilities,laboratories,and the general public to prevent the spread of illnesses and/or ***-19 resulted in an uptick in the usage and production of face masks,exacerbating issues related to the waste and recycling of these ***,face masks are derived from petrochemicals,such as melt-blown or spunbound *** such,there is a need to find sustainable mask materials that can maintain or improve the performance of petrochemical *** paper explores an alternative mask material that utilizes fungal mycelium as self-growing filaments to enhance the efficiency of individual polypropylene mask *** engineering the growth pattern and time,breathability and filtration efficiency was optimized such that one layer of the mycelium-modified mask could replace all three layers of the traditional three-layer ***,it was found that the mycelium-modified mask exhibits asymmetric hydrophobicity,with super-hydrophobicity at the composite-air interface and lower hydrophobicity at the composite-medium *** property can improve the performance of the modified mask by protecting the mask from external liquids without trapping water vapor from the user’s *** findings from this study can provide a basis for further development of mycelium to create sustainable filtration materials with enhanced functionality.

关键词： Mycelium Filtration Functional material Pleurotus ostreatus Water resistance

A newly designed BIPV system with enhanced passive cooling and ventilation

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Building simulation 2023年第11期16卷 2093-2107页

作者： Hadi Ahmadi Moghaddam svetlana Tkachenko Guan Heng Yeoh victoria Timchenko school of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia

Nowadays,the application of renewable energies such as solar energy in the building sector has increased notably considering the adverse impacts of climate change on human life;hence many studies have focused on the application of photovoltaic panels in *** the current study,a 3D computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model has been developed to evaluate the performance of a newly designed building-integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)*** the negative influence of overheating on the lifespan and performance of PV panels,their passive air cooling has been ***,the potential of rooftop-mounted solar panels in passive ventilation of buildings by generating natural convective currents has been *** developed CFD model takes into consideration the effects of radiation,conduction,and buoyancy-driven natural convective currents generated by solar PV panels which are heated due to the exposure to solar radiation heat *** results suggest that applying a high surface emissivity for the part of the roof beneath the PV panels intensifies the natural convective currents which in turn provides better cooling for PV panels with higher cooling effects at higher solar heat *** to a 34%increase in the convective mass flow rate and a 3 K decrease in the mean temperature of the panels were attained by modifying the emissivity of roof *** a 3 K decrease in the operating temperature of the PV panels can enhance their efficiency and lifespan by about 1.56%and 21%,*** on the operating conditions and system characteristics,the BIPV system yielded an air change rate(ACH)in the range of 3-13 which was considered to be highly prevalent in providing the required passive ventilation for a wide range of *** was also observed that the flow dynamics inside the building were affected by both the amount of solar heat load incident on the solar panels and the emissivity of the roof surface behind the panels.

关键词： air change rate BIPV natural convection passive cooling passive ventilation surface emissivity

Redox regulation of the immune response

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第10期19卷 1079-1101页

作者： Gerwyn Morris Maria Gevezova victoria sarafian Michael Maes Deakin University IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical TranslationSchool of MedicineBarwon HealthGeelongVICAustralia Department of Medical Biology Medical University-PlovdivPlovdivBulgaria Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv PlovdivBulgaria Department of Psychiatry Faculty of MedicineKing Chulalongkorn Memorial HospitalBangkokThailand Department of Psychiatry Medical University of PlovdivPlovdivBulgaria

The immune-inflammatory response is associated with increased nitro-oxidative *** aim of this mechanistic review is to examine:(a)the role of redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes,ROs/RNs production,and the activity of cellular antioxidants in the activation and performance of macrophages,dendritic cells,neutrophils,T-cells,B-cells,and natural killer cells;(b)the involvement of high-density lipoprotein(HDL),apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1),paraoxonase-1(PON1),and oxidized phospholipids in regulating the immune response;and(c)the detrimental effects of hypernitrosylation and chronic nitro-oxidative stress on the immune *** redox changes during immune-inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the actions of nuclear factor-κB,HIF1α,the mechanistic target of rapamycin,the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway,mitogen-activated protein kinases,5'AMP-activated protein kinase,and peroxisome proliferator-activated *** performance and survival of individual immune cells is under redox control and depends on intracellular and extracellular levels of ROs/*** are heavily influenced by cellular antioxidants including the glutathione and thioredoxin systems,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,and the HDL/ApoA1/PON1 *** nitro-oxidative stress and hypernitrosylation inhibit the activity of those antioxidant systems,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,mitochondrial functions,and the metabolism of immune *** conclusion,redox-associated mechanisms modulate metabolic reprogramming of immune cells,macrophage and T helper cell polarization,phagocytosis,production of pro-versus anti-inflammatory cytokines,immune training and tolerance,chemotaxis,pathogen sensing,antiviral and antibacterial effects,Toll-like receptor activity,and endotoxin tolerance.

关键词： Oxidative and nitrosative stress Immune response Inflammation Antioxidants Physiological stres

Determination of soil Aggregate Porosity Using the Modified Water saturation Method

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Pedosphere 2019年第6期29卷 794-800页

作者： David MORET-FERNáNDEZ María victoria LóPEZ Departamento de suelo y Agua Estación Experimental de Aula Dei Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC)

The need to find a simple method for measuring soil aggregate porosity (φ) is justified by the growing interest of researchers in this important parameter of soil physical status. The aim of this study was to present a simple method (AM) for estimating the total 0 of a single soil aggregate. In this case, soil aggregate 0 was calculated as the quotient between the pore volume, estimated from the weight of the aggregate saturated with ethanol, and the total volume (V T ) of aggregate, calculated from the particle density and dry aggregate weight. The V T estimated with AM was compared with the corresponding volume measured with the photogrammetry (PHM) technique using soil aggregates of 8–16 mm in diameter and collected from three different tillage systems: conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no tillage (NT). Next, the AM was used to study the effects of the tillage system on soil aggregate φ. Although a strong relationship ( R 2 = 0.99, P sured with PHM and that estimated with AM was obtained, AM tended to underestimate aggregate V T with an average deviation of 2.85%. This difference may be due to ethanol evaporation during the first 10 s before the ethanol-saturated aggregate was weighed. The use of AM to determine the effects of different tillage systems on aggregate φ showed that this method was sensitive to detect significant differences among the tillage treatments. The results showed that AM could be an accurate, simple, and inexpensive alternative to estimate φ of a single soil aggregate.

关键词： Aggregate stability Bulk density Particle density Photogrammetry technique Tillage system