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Determination of urine-derived odorous compounds in a source separation sanitation system

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第2期29卷 240-249页

作者： Bianxia Liu Apostolos Giannis Ailu chen Jiefeng Zhang victor w.c.chang Jing-Yuan wang .Residues and Resource Reclamation centre(R3c) Nanyang Environment and Water Research InstituteNanyang Technological University1 Cleantech LoopCleanTech OneSingapore 637141Singapore School of civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

Source separation sanitation systems have attracted more and more attention ***, separate urine collection and treatment could induce odor issues, especially in large scale application. In order to avoid such issues, it is necessary to monitor the odor related compounds that might be generated during urine storage. This study investigated the odorous compounds that emitted from source-separated human urine under different hydrolysis conditions. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature, stale/fresh urine ratio and urine dilution on odor emissions. It was found that ammonia, dimethyl disulfide, allyl methyl sulfide and 4-heptanone were the main odorous compounds generated from human urine, with headspace concentrations hundreds of times higher than their respective odor thresholds. Furthermore, the high temperature accelerated urine hydrolysis and liquid–gas mass transfer, resulting a remarkable increase of odor emissions from the urine solution. The addition of stale urine enhanced urine hydrolysis and expedited odor emissions. On the contrary, diluted urine emitted less odorous compounds ascribed to reduced concentrations of odorant precursors. In addition,this study quantified the odor emissions and revealed the constraints of urine source separation in real-world applications. To address the odor issue, several control strategies are recommended for odor mitigation or elimination from an engineering perspective.

关键词： Odor emissions Volatile organic compounds(VOcs) Urine hydrolysis Source separation Gas chromatography mass spectrometry(Gc–MS)

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Overview of automotive engine friction and reduction trends-Effects of surface, material, and lubricant-additive technologies

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Friction 2016年第1期4卷 1-28页

作者： victor w.wONG Simon c.TUNG Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Vanderbilt chemicals LLc Norwalk CT 06856 USA

The increasing global environmental awareness, evidenced by recent worldwide calls for control of climate change and greenhouse emissions, has placed significant new technical mandates for automotives to improve engine efficiency, which is directly related to the production of carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. Reduction of parasitic losses of the vehicle, powertrain and the engine systems is a key component of energy conservation. For engine efficiency improvement, various approaches include improvements in advanced combustion systems, component system design and handling—such as down-sizing, boosting, and electrification—as well as waste heat recovery systems etc. Among these approaches, engine friction reduction is a key and relatively cost-effective approach, which has been receiving significant attention from tribologists and lubricant-lubrication engineers alike. In this paper, the fundamentals of friction specific to the environments of engine components tribology are reviewed, together with discussions on the impact of developing vehicle powertrain technologies, surface and material technologies, as well as lubricant and additive technologies on promises of continuing friction and wear reduction trends. The international accords on climate change require further gains in fuel efficiency and energy sustainability from all industry sectors including those in the automotive and the broader internal combustion engine industries, and the latter encompass off-highway, power generation, marine, and rail industries as well. This paper focsuses on friction reduction in mainly automotive engines, however. The paper starts with a clarification of the common descriptors of mechanical losses and friction in the engine, followed by the topic of lubrication fundamentals such as lubrication regimes. Then the lubrication of the contacting surfaces in each of the major engine subsystems is discussed in turn. These subsystems include the piston assembly: ring-pack/liner,

关键词： powertrain tribology automotive lubricants additive formulation mechanical design surface coatings and textures friction wear

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Augmented reality-based visual-haptic modeling for thoracoscopic surgery training systems

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2021年第4期3卷 274-286页

作者： Yonghang TAI Junsheng SHI Junjun PAN Aimin HAO victor chang Yunnan Key Lab Optoelectronic Information Technology Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500China State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of computing Engineering and Digital TechnologiesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbrough TS13BXUK

Background compared with traditional thoracotomy,video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)has less minor trauma,faster recovery,higher patient compliance,but higher requirements for *** surgery training simulation systems are important and have been widely used in Europe and *** reality(AR)in surgical training simulation systems significantly improve the training effect of virtual surgical training,although AR technology is still in its initial *** reality has gained increased attention in technology-driven modern medicine but has yet to be used in everyday *** This study proposed an immersive AR lobectomy within a thoracoscope surgery training system,using visual and haptic modeling to study the potential benefits of this critical *** content included immersive AR visual rendering,based on the cluster-based extended position-based dynamics algorithm of soft tissue physical ***,we designed an AR haptic rendering systems,whose model architecture consisted of multi-touch interaction points,including kinesthetic and pressure-sensitive ***,based on the above theoretical research,we developed an AR interactive VATS surgical training *** Twenty-four volunteers were recruited from the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province to evaluate the VATS training ***,content,and construct validation methods were used to assess the tactile sense,visual sense,scene authenticity,and simulator *** The results of our construction validation demonstrate that the simulator is useful in improving novice and surgical skills that can be retained after a certain period of *** video-assisted thoracoscopic system based on AR developed in this study is effective and can be used as a training device to assist in the development of thoracoscopic skills for novices.

关键词： Augmented reality VATS Surgery training XPBD

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High-speed high-resolution laser diode-based photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo microvasculature imaging

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Visual computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2021年第1期4卷 1-6页

作者： Xiufeng Li victor T c Tsang Lei Kang Yan Zhang Terence T w wong Translational and Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Laser diodes(LDs)have been considered as cost-effective and compact excitation sources to overcome the requirement of costly and bulky pulsed laser sources that are commonly used in photoacoustic microscopy(PAM).However,the spatial resolution and/or imaging speed of previously reported LD-based PAM systems have not been optimized *** this paper,we developed a high-speed and high-resolution LD-based PAM system using a continuous wave LD,operating at a pulsed mode,with a repetition rate of 30 kHz,as an excitation source.A hybrid scanning mechanism that synchronizes a one-dimensional galvanometer mirror and a two-dimensional motorized stage is applied to achieve a fast imaging capability without signal averaging due to the high signal-to-noise *** optimizing the optical system,a high lateral resolution of 4.8μm has been *** vivo microvasculature imaging of a mouse ear has been demonstrated to show the high performance of our LD-based PAM system.

关键词： Photoacoustic microscopy Laser diode In vivo imaging Microvasculature imaging

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current endoscopic approach to indeterminate biliary strictures

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第43期18卷 6197-6205页

作者： David w victor Stuart Sherman Tarkan Karakan Mouen A Khashab Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore MD 21287 United States Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 United States Department of Medicine Gazi University 06710 Ankara Turkey

Biliary strictures are considered indeterminate when basic work-up, including transabdominal imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with routine cytologic brushing, are non-diagnostic. Indeterminate biliary strictures can easily be mischaracterized which may dramatically affect patient's outcome. Early and accurate diagnosis of malignancy impacts not only a patient's candidacy for surgery, but also potential timely targeted chemotherapies. A significant portion of patients with indeterminate biliary strictures have benign disease and accurate diagnosis is, thus, paramount to avoid unnecessary surgery. current sampling strategies have suboptimal accuracy for the diagnosis of malignancy. Emerging data on other diagnostic modalities, such as ancillary cytology techniques, single operator cholangioscopy, and endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration, revealed promising results with much improved sensitivity.

关键词： Indeterminate stricture Bile duct Single operator cholangioscope cholangioscopy Endoscopic ultrasound Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancrea-tography Bile duct stricture Indeterminate biliary stricture confocal microscopy Transpapillary biopsy cholangiocarcinoma Primary sclerosing cholangitis Spyglass

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Network coding-aware cache replacement policy in on-demand broadcast environments

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2012年第5期19卷 92-100页

作者：陈君 LEE victor c S cHAN Edward School of Information Management Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Dept.of computer Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Network coding has been proved to be an effective technique in improving the performance of data broadcast systems because clients requesting different data items can be served simultaneously in one broadcast. Previous studies showed that its efficiency is highly related to the content of clients' cache. However, existing data broadcast systems do not take network coding information into account when making cache replacement decisions. In this paper, we propose two networks coding-aware cache replacement policies called DLRU and DLRU-cP to supplement network coding assisted data broadcast in on-demand broadcast environments. In DLRU, both data access and decoding contribution are taken into account to make replacement decisions. DLRU-cP is based on DLRU but allows clients to retrieve decodable data items that have not been requested yet. The performance gain of our proposed cache replacement policies over traditional cache replacement policy is shown in the simulation results, which demonstrate conclusively that the proposed policies can effectively reduce the overall response time.

关键词： Network coding cache replacement on-demand broadcast mobile computing

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Generation of a New coupled Ultra-Short Pulse System from a Group Theoretical Viewpoint: the cartan Ehresman connection

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chinese Physics Letters 2012年第2期29卷 5-8页

作者： Saliou Youssoufa victor K.Kuetche Timoleon c.Kofane National Advanced School of Engineering University of Yaounde IP.O.Box 8390Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaounde IP.O.Box 812Cameroon

Based upon the group theoretical jet bundle formalism introduced by wahlquist and Estabrook for discussing the complete integrability of soliton systems,we investigate the prolongation structure of wadati-Konno-Ichikawa isospectral evolution *** a result,we unearth a new physical coupled system entailing a hidden structural symmetry SL(3,R) arising in the description of ultra-short pulse propagation in optical nonlinear *** a matter of fact,we depict a graphical representation of one-breather and two-breather ultra-short pulses in motion with a non-zero angular *** extending the previous study to multidimensional symmetry SL(n,R),we unearth a more general class of multicomponent coupled nonlinear ultra-short pulse system with its associated inverse scattering formulation particularly useful in soliton theory.

关键词： theory soliton symmetry

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Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma-Update

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第3期3卷 115-119页

作者： victor c.Lin chung-hsien chen Allen w.chiu Department of Urology E-Da HospitalKaohsiung School of Medicine for International Students I-Shou UniversityKaohsiung Department of Urology School of MedicineNational Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas(UTUcs)are uncommon and account for only 5%e10%of urothelial *** tumors are about twice as common as ureteral *** percent of UTUcs are invasive at *** nephroureterectomy,including the excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff is standard of care for treatment of localized UTUcs,because of the high potential for recurrence,multifocality,and *** first laparoscopic nephroureterectomy(LNU)was introduced by clayman et *** 1991 and improvement of laparoscopic technique and equipment,LNU has been reported to be equivalent to conventional open *** reviewed the current literature of patients with UTUcs treated by LNU focusing on technical aspects,peri-operative and oncological *** radical nephroureterectomy offers the advantages of minimally invasive surgery without deteriorating the oncological outcome for treatment of *** tend to increase as operator skills *** for laparoscopic or open nephroureterectomy are in principle the *** basic requirement for laparoscopic surgery in UTUcs is to achieve benefits of minimal invasive surgery and maintain oncologic principles.

关键词： Urothelial carcinoma Upper urinary tract Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy

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Recent advances and future challenges for mobile network virtualization

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Science china(Information Sciences) 2017年第4期60卷 5-16页

作者： Xiaofeng TAO Yan HAN Xiaodong XU Ping ZHANG victor c.M.LEUNG National Engineering Lab for Mobile Network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Lab of Networking & Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Department of Electrical and computer Engineering The University of British Columbia

Recently, network function virtualization(NFV) was proposed as a paradigm shift in the telecommunication industry. Both industry and academia have drawn significant attention in mobile network *** decouples the software implementation of network functions from the underlying hardware, leading to considerable reductions in operating expenses(OPEX) and capital expenses(cAPEX), and facilitating the network deployment. However, as an emerging technology, NFV brings both challenges and opportunities in developing new architectures, applying and deployment. In this paper, we first survey the related work of NFV, and then propose promising research directions in this area.

关键词： network function virtualization mobile networks software defined networking network functions 5G network slicing

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高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料的研究进展及应用

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硅酸盐学报 2007年第4期35卷 531-536页

作者： LI victor c Department of Materials Science and Engineering the University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2125 USA

高延性水泥基复合材料(engineered cementitious composite,Ecc)是经系统的微观力学设计,在拉伸和剪切荷载下呈现高延展性的一种纤维增强水泥基复合材料。综述了Ecc的研究进展,介绍了配筋Ecc结构的耐久性、安全性及可持续性等混凝土必... 详细信息

高延性水泥基复合材料(engineered cementitious composite,Ecc)是经系统的微观力学设计,在拉伸和剪切荷载下呈现高延展性的一种纤维增强水泥基复合材料。综述了Ecc的研究进展,介绍了配筋Ecc结构的耐久性、安全性及可持续性等混凝土必须满足的关键性能。根据Ecc近来的应用情况及在工程上推广应用的需要,总结了Ecc长期性能方面的研究结果。

关键词：复合材料纤维延展性耐久性可持续性安全性设计基础设施

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