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Prediction of DOM removal of low specific UV absorbance surface waters using HPSEC combined with peak fitting

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第7期24卷 1174-1180页

作者： Linan Xing Rolando Fabris W.K.Chow John van Leeuwen mary Drikas Dongsheng Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of ScinecesBeijing 100085China Australian Water Quality Centre South Australian Water Corporation256 Victoria SquareAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia SA Water Centre for Water Management and Reuse University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSouth Australia 5095Australia

High performance size exclusion chromatography （HPSEC） is used in water quality research primarily to determine the molecular weight distribution of the dissolved organic matter （DOM）, but by applying peak fitting to the chromatogram, this technique can also be used as a tool to model and predict DOM removal. Six low specific UV absorbance （SUVA） source waters were treated using coagulation with alum and both the source and treated water samples were analysed using HPSEC. By comparing the molecular weight profiles of the source and treated waters, it was established that several DOM components were not effectively removed by alum coagulation even after high dosage alum treatment. A peak-fitting technique was applied based on the concept of linking the character （molecular weight profile） of the recalcitrant organics in the treated water with those of the source water. This was then applied to predict DOM treatability by determining the areas of the peaks which were assigned to removable organics from the source water molecular weight profile after peak fitting, and this technique quantified the removable and non-removable organics. The prediction was compared with the actual dissolved organic carbon （DOC） removal determined from jar testing and showed good agreement, with variance between 2% and 10%. This confirmed that this prediction approach, which was originally developed for high SUVA waters, can also be applied successfully to predict DOC removal in low SUVA waters.

关键词： DOM high performance size exclusion chromatography peak fitting water treatment

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Cambridge IGCSE® Biology Coursebook with CD-ROM 3

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2014年

作者： mary Jones Geoff Jones

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High-performance size exclusion chromatography with a multi-wavelength absorbance detector study on dissolved organic matter characterisation along a water distribution system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第6期28卷 235-243页

作者： Huiping Huang Emma Sawade David Cook Christopher W.K.Chow mary Drikas Bo Jin School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Australian Water Quality Centre SA Water Corporation250 Victoria Square School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Adelaide

This study examined the associations between dissolved organic matter（DOM） characteristics and potential nitrification occurrence in the presence of chloramine along a drinking water distribution system. High-performance size exclusion chromatography（HPSEC） coupled with a multiple wavelength detector（200–280 nm） was employed to characterise DOM by molecular weight distribution, bacterial activity was analysed using flow cytometry, and a package of simple analytical tools, such as dissolved organic carbon, absorbance at 254 nm, nitrate,nitrite, ammonia and total disinfectant residual were also applied and their applicability to indicate water quality changes in distribution systems were also evaluated. Results showed that multi-wavelength HPSEC analysis was useful to provide information about DOM character while changes in molecule weight profiles at wavelengths less than 230 nm were also able to be related to other water quality parameters. Correct selection of the UV wavelengths can be an important factor for providing appropriate indicators associated with different DOM compositions. DOM molecular weight in the range of 0.2–0.5 kDa measured at210 nm correlated positively with oxidised nitrogen concentration（r = 0.99）, and the concentrations of active bacterial cells in the distribution system（r = 0.85）. Our study also showed that the changes of DOM character and bacterial cells were significant in those sampling points that had decreases in total disinfectant residual. HPSEC-UV measured at210 nm and flow cytometry can detect the changes of low molecular weight of DOM and bacterial levels, respectively, when nitrification occurred within the chloraminated distribution system.

关键词： HPSEC-UV Distribution system DOM Sum of nitrate and nitrite concentration

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Preference status does not indicate intrinsic quality differences in Drosophila pseudoobscura

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第3期5卷 198-207页

作者： Yong-Kyu KIM mary Beth WEBER Wyatt W.ANDERSON Patricia Adair GOWATY Department of Genetics University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA Rollins School of Public Health Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Institute of the Environment University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute APOUSA

The good genes hypothesis states that choosers prefer individuals of high intrinsic quality to individuals of lower intrinsic *** in longevity is thought to reflect,in part,intrinsic quality differences of individuals in addition to the costs of mating and *** we report longevity variation of Drosophila pseudoobscura,a species in which previous experiments have demonstrated that individual mate preferences(pre-touching mate assessments)of females and males are associated with enhanced numbers of eclosed(adult)offspring and higher egg-to-adult survival(offspring viability).Using mate assessment arenas and protocols similar to those in a previous experiment that demonstrated fitness benefits to breeders and their offspring of mating with individuals they preferred,we tested the following predictions:(i)preferred discriminatees live longer than non-preferred discriminatees;(ii)males live longer than females;and(iii)virgins live longer than mated *** experiment yielded 938 individuals for longevity *** and mating status affected longevity:males lived longer than females,virgin females lived longer than mated females,but there were no differences in longevity for mated and virgin ***-preferred discriminatees of both sexes survived as long as preferred discriminatees,a result inconsistent with the prediction of the good genes hypothesis for mate *** our knowledge,this is the first demonstration of the cost of reproduction for females in *** and of longevity variation of preferred and non-preferred discriminatees.

关键词： longevity mate assessment mate choice mate preferences.

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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 1

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丛书名： Contemporary Cardiology

2005年

作者： Joseph P. Ornato mary Ann Peberdy

ISBN: (数字)9781592598144

ISBN: (纸本)9781588292834

Despite more than 50 years of medical progress since the introduction of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), only 1 out of 5 adults survive in-hospital cardiac arrest, and fewer than 1 in 10 survive out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. In Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, leading clinicians and scientists-many responsible for the latest international guidelines in resuscitation-comprehensively review the latest therapies and techniques for rescuing persons in cardiac arrest. The authors explore the physiology behind current state-of-the-art clinical resuscitation in depth and translate it into practical bedside recommendations, clinical tips, and expert techniques. Topics of interest include the epidemiology of sudden death; management of ventilation; chest compression technique training; public access defibrillation; drug delivery during CPR; the latest drug therapies; and cardiac arrest in disease, pregnancy, drowning, lightning strike, and trauma. The authors also review the major ongoing research in resuscitation science that will likely affect the next set of international resuscitation guidelines. The design of clinical trials and the ethical issues surrounding resuscitation of both children and adults are discussed extensively.;Comprehensive and state-of-the-art, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is designed to enhance the ability of resuscitation teams to perform their duties successfully, and save even more lives.

关键词： Cardiology

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WELCOME NOTE

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2014年第3期 139-140页

作者： mary Gospodarowicz Cary Adams Union for International Cancer Control[UICC]

Dear Friends,UICC and its hosts Cancer Council Australia are delighted to welcome you the 2014 World Cancer Congress taking place in Melbourne,*** are excited to be soon welcoming you to this beautiful city and hope t... 详细信息

关键词： World

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Grid Harmonic and Control Delay Compensation for Three-phase Grid-connected VSIs in Small Wind Turbine Systems

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电力电子技术 2011年第8期45卷 24-31页

作者： mary Kaye Chris Diduch Idris Gadoura Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Brunswick FrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada

Voltage space vector pulse-width modulation(SVPWM) has been widely applied to control current in three-phase voltage source inverters(VSI).However,as a voltage type modulator,SVPWM has certain drawbacks compared with current type modulators for grid-connected *** a grid-connected VSI,the performance of existing current controllers based on SVPWM is compromised by grid harmonics,control delay and system nonlinearities such as switching dead ***,unlike current type PWM,SVPWM does not inherently have over-current protection.A novel SVPWM-based current controller is proposed for three-phase grid-connected VSIs for small wind turbine *** overcome the drawbacks of SVPWM,a grid harmonic compensation method is proposed along with compen-sation for control *** simulation and experimental results have established excellent steady-state response and fast dynamic response of the current *** addition,the DSP-based control system has both improved real-time control performance and fast response for over-current protection.

关键词：摘要编辑部编辑工作作者

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Iterative coupling reservoir simulation on high performance computers

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Petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 43-50页

作者： Lu Bo Wheeler mary F. BP America Inc. Houston TX 77079 US Department of Petroleum ＆ Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

In this paper, the iterative coupling approach is proposed for applications to solving multiphase flow equation systems in reservoir simulation, as it provides a more flexible time-stepping strategy than existing approaches. The iterative method decouples the whole equation systems into pressure and saturation/concentration equations, and then solves them in sequence, implicitly and semi-implicitly. At each time step, a series of iterations are computed, which involve solving linearized equations using specific tolerances that are iteration dependent. Following convergence of subproblems, material balance is checked. Convergence of time steps is based on material balance errors. Key components of the iterative method include phase scaling for deriving a pressure equation and use of several advanced numerical techniques. The iterative model is implemented for parallel computing platforms and shows high parallel efficiency and scalability.

关键词： Iterative coupling reservoir simulation multiphase flow phase scaling parallel scalability

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Repeatability of two-dimensional chemical shift imaging multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for measuring human cerebral choline-containing compounds

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2018年第1期8卷 20-26页

作者： Basant K Puri mary Egan Fintan Wallis Philip Jakeman Department of Medicine Hammersmith HospitalImperial College London Department of Radiology University Hospital Limerick Centre for Interventions in Infection Inflammation and Immunity University of Limerick

AIM To investigate the repeatability of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the in vivo measurement of human cerebral levels of choline-containing compounds(Cho).METHODS Two consecutive scans were carried out in six healthy resting subjects at a magnetic field strength of 1.5 T. On each occasion, neurospectroscopy data were collected from 64 voxels using the same 2 D chemical shift imaging(CSI) sequence. The data were analyzed in the same way, using the same software, to obtain the values for each voxel of the ratio of Cho to creatine. The Wilcoxon related-samples signed-rank test, coefficient of variation(CV), repeatability coefficient(RC), and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) were used to assess the repeatability. RESULTS The CV ranged from 2.75% to 33.99%, while the minimum RC was 5.68%. There was excellent reproducibility, as judged by significant ICC values, in 26 voxels. Just three voxels showed significant differences according to the Wilcoxon related-samples signed-rank test. CONCLUSION It is therefore concluded that when CSI multivoxel proton neurospectroscopy is used to measure cerebral choline-containing compounds at 1.5 T, the reproducibility is highly acceptable.

关键词： Cerebral metabolites Chemical shift imaging Choline Neurospectroscopy Neuropsychiatric disorders

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Mimicry and masquerade from the avian visual perspec-tive

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 630-648页

作者： mary Caswell STODDARD Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3E J UK

Several of the most celebrated examples of visual mimicry, like mimetic eggs laid by avian brood parasites and pala-table insects mimicking distasteful ones, involve signals directed at the eyes of birds. Despite this, studies of mimicry from the avian visual perspective have been rare, particularly with regard to defensive mimicry and masquerade. Defensive visual mimicry, which includes Batesian and Mtillerian mimicry, occurs when organisms share a visual signal that functions to deter predators. Masquerade occurs when an organism mimics an inedible or uninteresting object, such as a leaf, stick, or pebble. In this paper, I present five case studies covering diverse examples of defensive mimicry and masquerade as seen by birds. The best-known cases of defensive visual mimicry typically come from insect prey, but birds themselves can exhibit defensive visual mimicry in an at- tempt to escape mobbing or dissuade avian predators. Using examples of defensive visual mimicry by both insects and birds, I show how quantitative models of avian color, luminance, and pattern vision can be used to enhance our understanding of mimicry in many systems and produce new hypotheses about the evolution and diversity of signals. Overall, I investigate examples of Batesian mimicry （1 and 2）, Miillerian mimicry （3 and 4）, and masquerade （5） as follows： 1） Polymorphic mimicry in African mocker swallowtail butterflies; 2） Cuckoos mimicking sparrowhawks; 3） Mimicry rings in Neotropical butterflies; 4） Plumage mimicry in toxic pitohuis; and 5） Dead leaf-mimicking butterflies and mantids.

关键词： Mimicry Masquerade Protective coloration Avian vision Pattern Luminance

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