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Progression-free survival as surrogate endpoint in advanced pancreatic cancer: meta-analysis of 30 randomized first-line trials

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第2期14卷 124-131页

作者： Fausto Petrelli Andrea Coinu Karen Borgonovo mary Cabiddu Sandro Barni Medical Oncology Unit Oncology Department Azienda Ospedaliera Treviglio Piazzale Ospedale 124047 Treviglio (BG)

BACKGROUND：Progression-free survival（PFS）has not been extensively investigated as a surrogate for survival in the firstline treatments of pancreatic *** aim of this review was to evaluate PFS as a potential surrogate endpoint for overall survival（OS）in advanced pancreatic cancer in trials comparing poly-chemotherapy to gemcitabine *** SOURCES： A systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted. The key words included randomized trial, first-line chemotherapy, pancreatic cancer, gemcitabine and poly-chemotherapy. Adjusted weighted linear regression was used to calculate Rs （Spearman＇s rank-order correlation coefficient） between PFS and post-progression survival （PPS） with OS （Rs） and between treatment effects on PFS and OS （RHR）. RESUEFS： A total of 30 trials including 8467 patients met the inclusion criteria. Correlation between the treatment effects on PFS and OS （RHR=0.78） and between the endpoint PFS and OS was high across all studies （Rs=0.75）. The slope of the re- gression line was 0.76±0.26, indicating that an agent produc- ing a 10% risk reduction for PFS will provide a 7.6%±2.6% risk reduction for OS. Correlation between PPS and OS was very strong （Rs=0.71） and accounted for more than 50% of the whole OS variability （R2=0.57）. CONCLUSION： Because of the robust correlation with OS and the potential influence of PPS caused by the second line therapies, it may be justified to consider PFS as a surrogate endpoint in trials evaluating new cytotoxic agents when gemcitabine is the control arm.

关键词： pancreatic cancer surrogate endpoints progression-free survival overall survival correlation randomized studies

Improving iSCSI Memory Cache Hit Through Prefetching to a Striped Disk

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Improving iSCSI Memory Cache Hit Through Prefetching to a St...

作者： Nsabagwa mary 湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

由于内存大小和访问速度的不均衡发展,存储系统面临着磁盘访问时间随磁盘大小而增长的难题。预取是已知的能减少由内存大小日益增长而造成差距的机制之一。通过预取,内存访问可以和CPU周期并行操作,从而隐藏了内存延迟,以便将下周期所... 详细信息

由于内存大小和访问速度的不均衡发展,存储系统面临着磁盘访问时间随磁盘大小而增长的难题。预取是已知的能减少由内存大小日益增长而造成差距的机制之一。通过预取,内存访问可以和CPU周期并行操作,从而隐藏了内存延迟,以便将下周期所需的数据准确地读取到处理器能更快存取的地点。当有数据更接近CPU时,能及时地节省大量的CPU周期,否则将要花费时间等待I/O请求。本文提出了一种基于iSCSI启动者的预取机制辅助调度iSCSI操作系统,其目的是从iSCSI目标者到带区磁盘iSCSI启动者上的页面预取及缓存。iSCSI驱动以读、写、查询形式做出系统调用,在取得实际请求数据块之后,带有该系统调用的预取者能够跟踪文件描述符和节点信息。考虑到请求块的信息,预取者可以做出近期内的存取预测,并在预取分析的帮助下推断出哪个进程的请求是连续的。预取分析进一步比较进程调度表信息,分析出一个良好的预取可能。在条带化磁盘iSCSI启动者上使用页面缓存技术,能有效利用带宽且实现高存取速度。由于并行存取,数据交叉分布到不同的分区中,条带化的磁盘有利于更快地访问。将远程页面预取到条带化iSCSI启动者时,预取者在当地启动器上有足够的页面来节省带宽。正因如此,启动者的页面请求大多是本地服务。该算法显示至少增加了15%的连续读取和高达10%的随机读取。此外,还观察到应用程序运行时间明显缩短。

关键词： iSCSI启动者预取条带化磁盘操作系统调度缓存请求数据块

Brain Tumour Detection by Gamma DeNoised Wavelet Segmented Entropy Classifier

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第11期69卷 2093-2109页

作者： Simy mary Kurian Sujitha Juliet Devaraj Vinodh P.Vijayan Karunya Institute of Technology and Science CoimbatoreIndia Albertian Institute of Science and Technology KochiIndia

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is an essential tool for detecting brain ***,identification of brain tumours in the early stages is a very complex task since MRI images are susceptible to noise and other environmental *** order to overcome these problems,a Gamma MAP denoised Strömberg wavelet segmentation based on a maximum entropy classifier(GMDSWS-MEC)model is developed for efficient tumour detection with high accuracy and low time *** GMDSWS-MEC model performs three steps,namely pre-processing,segmentation,and *** the GMDSWS-MEC model,the Gamma MAP filter performs the pre-processing task and achieves a significant increase in the peak signal-tonoise ratio by removing noisy artefacts from the input brain *** pre-processing,Strömberg wavelet transform segmentation is carried out to partition the pre-processed image into a number of blocks based on the features extracted from the ***,the maximum entropy classifier identifies and locates the tumour from the input image based on extracted features with high accuracy and minimal error *** a number of MRI images,experimental evaluation and comparison of the proposed model and existing methods is carried out on the basis of four metrics:peak signalto-noise ratio,tumour detection accuracy,error rate,and tumour detection time with respect to MRI image *** proposed model offers superior performance in terms of all four metrics.

关键词： Gamma MAP filter Strömberg wavelet transform maximum entropy classifier

Unintended consequences of rangeland conservation structures

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第1期9卷 158-165页

作者： mary H.Nichols Jeremy R Shaw William K.Brandau Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS2000 E.Allen Rd.TucsonAZ85719USA Colorado State University Department of Forest&Rangeland Stewardship Fort CollinsCO80523-1472USA University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Service(retired) SaffordAZ85551USA

By the 1930's vast areas of the western US were severely degraded by overgrazing and *** response,Congress authorized conservation work including the construction of erosion control and water storage,distribution,and conveyance *** of structures such as check dams,water spreaders,and contour berms were built during the 1930s and 40s to control water and sediment in an attempt to restore degraded ***,across most of the western US,these soil and water conservation measures were implemented without the benefit of local hydrologic data or technical design *** of the established conservation practices had been developed for humid regions and were untested for use in semiarid areas that are characterized by highly variable rainfall and flash *** a result,many structures proved ineffective and were subsequently *** in cases where structures were effective,many never received maintenance after their initial *** structurally compromised,abandoned and unmaintained structures continue to alter surface runoff patterns and can greatly exacerbate *** sites in Arizona,USA were selected to charac-terize the multi-decadal impacts of conservation *** have formed in 100%of contour berms(n=67)while 96%of water spreader berms(n=26)were *** failures in these structures has created concentrated flow paths that reorganized routing of runoff and sediment thus transforming sheetflow regimes to concentrated flow *** study emphasizes the unin-tended legacy impacts of soil and water conservation structures and highlights their role as a potential constraint on contemporary resource management.

关键词： Contour berm Erosion Human altered landscape Restoration Semiarid Water spreader

Beyond the Pediatric end-stage liver disease system: Solutions for infants with biliary atresia requiring liver transplant

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11062-11068页

作者： mary Elizabeth M Tessier Sanjiv Harpavat Ross W Shepherd Girish S Hiremath mary L Brandt Amy Fisher John A Goss Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital Houston Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalHouston

Biliary atresia(BA), a chronic progressive cholestatic disease of infants, is the leading cause for liver transplant in children, especially in patients under two years of age. BA can be successfully treated with the Kasai portoenterostomy; however most patients still require a liver transplant, with up to one half of BA children needing a transplant by age two. In the current pediatric end-stage liver disease system, children with BA face the risk of not receiving a liver in a safe and timely manner. In this review, we discuss a number of possible solutions to help these children. We focus on two general approaches:(1) preventing/delaying need for transplantation, by optimizing the success of the Kasai operation; and(2) expediting transplantation when needed, by performing techniques other than the standard deceased-donor, whole, ABO-matched organ transplant.

关键词： Biliary atresia Liver transplantation Pediatric liver disease Pediatric end-stage liver disease Kasai operation Newborn screening Surgical outcomes Living-related donor transplantation Split liver transplantation ABO-incompatible liver transplantation

Translational Benefits of Gene Therapy to Date

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Clinical oncology and cancer researeh 2011年第1期8卷 10-15页

作者： M mary McMenamin Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford South Parks RoadOxford OX1 3QX United Kingdom

Gene therapy is now a reality with a number of early phase clinical trials having been completed and several currently in progress. In spite of some early setbacks substantial progress has been made with treatment of several different diseases using a variety of delivery vectors and transgenes. Indeed for some diseases gene therapy is now the treatment of choice, in particular the inherited immune deficiencies. Treatment of ocular diseases and cancer are also showing great promise. Immune responses and insertional mutagenesis still pose problems but refinement of delivery systems and an increased understanding of oncogene activation should ensure that more successful protocols will emerge in the near future. Continuous progress suggests that a wider range of diseases can be treated with gene therapy in the future.

关键词： gene therapy neoplasm clinical trial immunology

Containing the rising cost of insulin: select policy recommendations

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Global Health Journal 2019年第4期3卷 84-88页

作者： mary Titus Lizheng Shi Department of Health Policy and Management School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineTulane University1440 Canal StreetNew OrleansLouisiana 70112USA

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects over 30 million people in the United *** these,approximately 7.4 million use one or more formulations of insulin to manage their *** is a significant financial burden on diabetic individuals,as the price of insulin keeps increasing each *** consistent and drastic increases in the price of insulin are due to the complexities in the insulin supply chain,pricing mechanisms particularly due to pharmacy benefit managers(PBMs),and the dominance of a few insulin manufacturers in the *** policy analysis has been undertaken independently and is based on information from peer-reviewed journals,government organizations and agencies,and credible news *** and various stakeholders in the supply chain have made several policy recommendations on the pricing of *** the data and information collected,we suggest basing a patient's co-payment on the net price instead of the list price of insulin,and that there should be real-time transparency in the negotiations between PBMs and pharmaceutical companies on rebates.

关键词： Insulin Insulin costs Insulin policy Drug prices Diabetes

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重庆家具销售企业员工保留率的影响因素研究

质量与市场 2024年第2期 125-128页

作者：陈棵棵玛丽格蕾丝·卡里多圣路易斯大学高级研究学院

员工保留率是企业发展的重要指标,其直接关系着企业的稳定性和可持续发展。因此,如何留住核心员工,激励他们不断创新创造,成为企业和组织急需解决的问题。本文采用了问卷调查的方法,收集了重庆8家著名家具销售企业的372名员工的问卷,综... 详细信息

员工保留率是企业发展的重要指标,其直接关系着企业的稳定性和可持续发展。因此,如何留住核心员工,激励他们不断创新创造,成为企业和组织急需解决的问题。本文采用了问卷调查的方法,收集了重庆8家著名家具销售企业的372名员工的问卷,综合分析了被调查者的封闭式问题答案,并结合分析结果评估了员工保留率的影响因素。问卷调查结果显示,外部因素、内部因素和个人因素均对员工保留率产生重要影响。

关键词：家具销售企业员工保留率外部因素内部因素个人因素

Mathematical modeling of thermo-mechanical behavior of strip during twin roll casting of an AZ31 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2013年第2期1卷 101-114页

作者： Amir Hadadzadeh mary A.Wells Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

The effect of set-back distance on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the strip during twin roll casting(TRC)of an AZ31 magnesium alloy was modeled using finite element method(FEM).Model validation was done by comparing the predicted and measured exit strip surface temperature as well as the secondary dendrite arm spacing(SDAS)through the thickness of the sheet to those measured during *** results showed as the set-back distance increases,the strip exit temperature decreases and the solidification front moves toward the entry of the roll *** cast strip also experiences more plastic deformation and consequently,the normal stress on the strip surface and effective strain at the strip center-line ***,higher separating forces were predicted for longer set-back *** predictions showed that changing the set-back distance by varying the final thickness has a more significant effect on the temperature and stress-strain fields than altering the nozzle opening height.

关键词： Twin roll casting process AZ31 magnesium alloy Thermal-fluid-stress model Set-back distance Roll separating force