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Optimizing stem cells for cardiac repair:Current status and new frontiers in regenerative cardiology

World Journal of Stem Cells 2017年第1期9卷 9-25页

作者： Shant Der Sarkissian Thierry Lévesque Nicolas Noiseux Department of Surgery Faculté de Médecine Université de MontréalMontrealQC H3C 3J7Canada Facultéde Médecine Universitéde MontréalMontrealQC H3C 3J7Canada

Cell therapy has the potential to improve healing of ischemic heart, repopulate injured myocardium and restore cardiac function. The tremendous hope and potential of stem cell therapy is well understood, yet recent trials involving cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases have yielded mixed results with inconsistent data thereby readdressing controversies and unresolved questions regarding stem cell efficacy for ischemic cardiac disease treatment. These controversies are believed to arise by the lack of uniformity of the clinical trial methodologies, uncertainty regarding the underlying reparative mechanisms of stem cells, questions concerning the most appropriate cell population to use, the proper delivery method and timing in relation to the moment of infarction, as well as the poor stem cell survival and engraftment especially in a diseased microenvironment which is collectively acknowledged as a major hindrance to any form of cell therapy. Indeed, the microenvironment of the failing heart exhibits pathological hypoxic, oxidative and inflammatory stressors impairing the survival of transplanted cells. Therefore, in order to observe any significant therapeutic benefit there is a need to increase resilience of stem cells to death in the transplant microenvironment while preserving or better yet improving their reparative functionality. Although stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes has been observed in some instance, the prevailing reparative benefits are afforded through paracrine mechanisms that promote angiogenesis, cell survival, transdifferentiate host cells and modulate immune responses. Therefore, to maximize their reparative functionality, ex vivo manipulation of stem cells through physical, genetic and pharmacological means have shown promise to enable cells to thrive in the postischemic transplant microenvironment. In the present work, we will overview the current status of stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease, discuss the most recurring c

关键词： Stem cell Regenerative medicine Cellular cardiomyoplasty Preconditioning Myocardial infarction Heart failure Viability Paracrine activity Transplantation Pharmaco-optimizer

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Animal models of Parkinson’s disease:bridging the gap between disease hallmarks and research questions

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 391-415页

作者： Axelle Dovonou Cyril Bolduc Victoria Soto Linan Charles Gora Modesto RPeraltaⅢ Martin Lévesque CERVO Brain Research Centre 2601Chemin de la CanardièreQuébecQC G1J 2G3Canada Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences Faculty of MedicineUniversitéLavalQuébecQCCanada

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor *** than 200 years after its first clinical description,PD remains a serious affliction that affects a growing proportion of the *** treatments only alleviate symptoms;there is still neither a cure that targets the neurodegenerative processes nor therapies that modify the course of the *** the past decades,several animal models have been developed to study *** no model precisely recapitulates the pathology,they still provide valuable information that contributes to our understanding of the disease and the limitations of our treatment *** review comprehensively summarizes the different animal models available for Parkinson’s research,with a focus on those induced by drugs,neurotoxins,pesticides,genetic alterations,α-synuclein inoculation,and viral vector *** highlight their characteristics and ability to reproduce PD-like *** is essential to realize that the strengths and weaknesses of each model and the induction technique at our disposal are determined by the research question being *** review,therefore,seeks to better aid researchers by ensuring a concrete discernment of classical and novel animal models in PD research.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Animal model Alpha-synuclein Transgenic model Preformed fibril Mouse

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Branched chain amino acids alter fatty acid profile in colostrum of sows fed a high fat diet

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 468-479页

作者： Chang Ma Yajng Liu Shaoshuai Liu Crystal L.Lévesque Fengqi Zhao Jindong Yin Bing Dong State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Biological SciencesSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA

Background:Branched chain amino acids(BCAAs)are important substrates for milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland,and are tightly related to lipid *** study has been performed examining the role of BCAAs with high fat diets on milk fat *** study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary BCAAs on growth performance of piglets,progeny body weight,and milk fat composition in sows fed a high fat *** diets(CON=control diet;HF=high fat diet with 8%soybean oil;HF-MB=HF plus 0.39%BCAAs;HF-HB=HF plus 0.78%BCAAs)were fed to sows from late gestation to ***:Compared to HF,BCAAs(HF-MB and HF-HB)increased the litter weight(P<0.05)and overall litter weight gain(P<0.05)at weaning and increased colostrum fat content by 27.3–35.8%(P<0.01).Fatty acid profiles between the two doses of BCAAs were *** with HF,HF-MB tended to decrease the percentage of C18:3n3(P=0.063)and increased the percentage of C18:1n9c(P=0.03).In addition,BCAAs in HF-MB increased the concentration of total fatty acid by 22.1%in colostrum(P=0.03)but decreased that in serum at parturition by 53.2%(P=0.027).The fatty acids in colostrum that increased with BCAAs were C15:0,C17:0,C20:3n6,C20:4n6,C20:5n3 and C22:6n3(P=0.00~0.04).Colostrum fatty acids of C20:0,C21:0,C22:0,C16:1,C20:1,C18:1n9c also tended to be increased(0.05

关键词： Dietary lipids Fatty acid composition Milk Odd chain fatty acid Pig Poly unsaturated fatty acid Sow

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Helical Dielectrophoretic Particle Separator Fabricated by Conformal Spindle Printing

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2014年第9期7卷 641-650页

作者： Nicolas Guérin Martin Lévesque Daniel Therriault Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics Mechanical Engineering Department école Polytechnique de Montréal Montréal Canada

This paper reports the fabrication and testing of a helical cell separator that uses insulator-based dielectrophoresis as the driving force of its separation. The helical channel shape’s main advantage is its constant curvature radius which generates a constant electric field gradient. The presented separator was fabricated by extruding a sacrificial ink on rotating spindles using a computer-controlled robot. After being assembled, connected to the reservoir and encapsulated in epoxy resin, the ink was removed to create a helical microchannel. The resulting device was tested by circulating polystyrene microbeads of 4 and 10 μm diameter through its channel using a voltage of 900 VDC. The particles were separated with efficiencies of 94.0% and 92.5%, respectively. However, roughness in some parts of the channel and connections that had larger diameters compared to the channel created local electric field gradients which, doubtless, hindered separation. It is a promising device that could lead the way toward portable and affordable medical devices.

关键词： Conformal Printing Dielectrophoresis Particle Separator Helix

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Transition care in inflammatory bowel disease: A needs assessment survey of Quebec gastroenterologists and allied nurses

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2017年第3期8卷 186-192页

作者： Matthew Strohl Xun Zhang Dominique Lévesque Talat Bessissow Department of Internal Medicine McGill University Health Center Research Institute McGill University Health Centre Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology McGill University Health Center Department of Gastroenterology Montreal General Hospital C7-200 McGill University Health Center

To determine the tools needed and problems encountered during the transition of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients from pediatric to adult gastroenterologists (GIs) in Québec, Canada. METHODSWe conducted a needs assessment survey of Quebec health care professionals (HCPs). The survey was handed out to 136 Québec HCPs at a local conference in 2013. Additionally, it was emailed to any other HCPs in Quebec involved in caring for IBD patients. The completed surveys were compiled to derive descriptive data. Further specific subgroup analysis was then conducted. RESULTSAmong the conference attendees and individuals emailed 77 (28.2%) completed the questionnaire. Respondents included adult GIs (61.3%), pediatric GIs (20.8%) and IBD nurses (18.3%). The majority of respondents believed that a standardized structure is important for a successful transition. Adult and pediatric GIs equally felt that patients were inadequately prepared for the transition (P = 0.6). There were significant differences between adult and pediatric GIs when it came to resource availability (55.6% vs 90.9%, P = 0.002) and perceived need of a formal transition clinic (21.7% vs 68.8%, P = 0.0006). Both transition program and medical summaries were identified as the most valuable tools to improve transition. CONCLUSIONAs described in previous studies, our survey reinforces the importance of a transition program, education for young adult IBD patients and the need to improve communication between adult and pediatric GIs.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Transition Paediatric Canada Tools Health care professionals

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Comparative Study of Energy Absorption Capability of Flat Plate Coupons Made by CFRP Plain Weave Fabric Composites

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World Journal of Mechanics 2021年第7期11卷 121-145页

作者： Redouane Lombarkia Augustin Gakwaya Denis Nandlall Marie-Laure Dano Julie Lé vesque Ameur BenKhelifa Philippe Vachon-Joannette Philippe Gagnon Department of Mechanical Engineering Universit&#233 Laval Qu&#233 bec Canada Canada Defence Research & Development Canada Valcartier Qu&#233 bec Canada

Despite years of governmental and academic institutions’ researches, no experimental standards are established for evaluating crush Specific Energy Absorption SEA for plain weave fabric woven carbon-fiber-reinforced composites used in modern aircraft structures as elements of the boxes to mitigate damage during crush events. At the laboratory scale, this paper proposes a comparative study of energy absorption capability of flat plate coupons made by CFRP plain weave fabric composites. A new fixture design and setup were created with hydraulic pressure and drop tower machines to carry out tests of flat plate composite specimens under quasi-static and low velocity on-axis crash loading. For investigating parameters sensibility of triggers and layups, numerical and experimental results of four trigger types and three stacking sequences were compared. A confrontation between experimental and pre-developed UL-Crush numerical material model results confirms that coupons with 0˚ oriented central plies and saw teeth or corrugated triggers dissipates higher energy during crush, compared to coupons with 90˚ or 45˚ oriented central plies and chamfer 45˚ or steeple triggers. An efficient and simplified experimental methodology was developed to measure and investigate different parameters influencing SEA of composites under crush load. Comparison between experimental and UL-Crush material model confirms the performance of such simulation tool.

关键词： Crush Behavior Triggers Damage and Failure Mechanisms Crashworthiness SEA

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Spinal cord injury reprograms muscle fibroadipogenic progenitors to form heterotopic bones within muscles

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Bone Research 2022年第2期10卷 310-325页

作者： Hsu-Wen Tseng Dorothée Girard Kylie A.Alexander Susan M.Millard Frédéric Torossian Adrienne Anginot Whitney Fleming Jules Gueguen Marie-Emmanuelle Goriot Denis Clay Beulah Jose Bianca Nowlan Allison R.Pettit Marjorie Salga François Genêt Marie-Caroline Le Bousse-Kerdilès Sébastien Banzet Jean-Pierre Lévesque Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland WoolloongabbaQLDAustralia Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées(IRBA) INSERM UMRS-MD1197 ClamartFrance INSERM UMRS-MD 1197 Universitéde Paris-SaclayHôpital Paul BrousseVillejuifFrance INSERM UMS-44 Universitéde Paris-SaclayHôpital Paul BrousseVillejuifFrance UPOH(UnitéPéri Opératoire du Handicap Perioperative Disability Unit)Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine departmentRaymond-PoincaréHospitalAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris(AP-HP)GarchesFrance Universitéde Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines UFR Simone Veil-SantéEND:ICAP INSERM U1179Montigny le BretonneuxFrance

The cells of origin of neurogenic heterotopic ossifications(NHOs), which develop frequently in the periarticular muscles following spinal cord injuries(SCIs) and traumatic brain injuries, remain unclear because skeletal muscle harbors two progenitor cell populations: satellite cells(SCs), which are myogenic, and fibroadipogenic progenitors(FAPs), which are mesenchymal. Lineage-tracing experiments using the Cre recombinase/Lox P system were performed in two mouse strains with the fluorescent protein Zs Green specifically expressed in either SCs or FAPs in skeletal muscles under the control of the Pax7 or Prrx1 gene promoter, respectively. These experiments demonstrate that following muscle injury, SCI causes the upregulation of PDGFRα expression on FAPs but not SCs and the failure of SCs to regenerate myofibers in the injured muscle, with reduced apoptosis and continued proliferation of muscle resident FAPs enabling their osteogenic differentiation into NHOs. No cells expressing Zs Green under the Prrx1 promoter were detected in the blood after injury, suggesting that the cells of origin of NHOs are locally derived from the injured muscle. We validated these findings using human NHO biopsies. PDGFRα+mesenchymal cells isolated from the muscle surrounding NHO biopsies could develop ectopic human bones when transplanted into immunocompromised mice, whereas CD56+myogenic cells had a much lower potential. Therefore, NHO is a pathology of the injured muscle in which SCI reprograms FAPs to undergo uncontrolled proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts.

关键词： progenitor injuries muscles

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使用不同仪器对单支定子线棒和线圈进行局部放电相位识别模式图分析的对比研究

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国外大电机 2023年第2期 19-24页

作者： [加拿大]Melanie Lévesque 满宇光(译) 不详

0引言.局部放电(PD)测量既可用于定子绕组的在线状态监测,也可用于新制造的定子线棒和线圈的质量控制。使用局部放电相位识别模式图(PRPD)技术已被证明是判读绝缘系统内局部放电源的有效工具。然而,基于从PRPD模式图中提取的局部放电参... 详细信息

0引言.局部放电(PD)测量既可用于定子绕组的在线状态监测,也可用于新制造的定子线棒和线圈的质量控制。使用局部放电相位识别模式图(PRPD)技术已被证明是判读绝缘系统内局部放电源的有效工具。然而,基于从PRPD模式图中提取的局部放电参数对局部放电活动进行量化并非易事,需要对测量技术以及局部放电现象的机理有很好的理解。对于新线棒和线圈的质量控制试验尤其如此,这是因为局部放电试验结果的可重复性是至关重要的。

关键词：局部放电定子线棒绝缘系统定子绕组在线状态监测模式图相位识别放电参数

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Branched chain amino acids alter fatty acid profile in colostrum of sows fed a high fat diet.

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畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版) 2020年第2期

作者： Chang Ma Yajng Liu Shaoshuai Liu Crystal L. Lévesque Fengqi Zhao Jindong Yin Bing Dong

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气候变化对北极淡水生态系统的水文生态学影响

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第7期35卷 347-357页

作者： Terry D.Prowse Frederick J.Wrona James D.Reist John J.Gibson John E.Hobbie Lucie M.J.Lévesque Warwick F.Vincent 梁虹 Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre National Water Research Institute of Environment CanadaDepartment of GeographyUniversity of Victoria National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Water Science and Technology Directoratec/o Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Fisheries and Oceans Canada 501 University Crescent National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Marine Biological Laboratory The Ecosystems Center National Hydrology Research Centre Environment Canada Dépt de biologie & Centre d'études nordiques Université Laval

北极淡水-陆地系统变暖的速度通常大于全球平均速度,特别是在秋季和冬季。许多低温层组分的减少或消失,以及从多雪到多雨气候类型的转变将对淡水生态系统产生多种影响,其中最显著的是春汛优势地位的下降和河冰融解强度的变化。无冰期的... 详细信息

北极淡水-陆地系统变暖的速度通常大于全球平均速度,特别是在秋季和冬季。许多低温层组分的减少或消失,以及从多雪到多雨气候类型的转变将对淡水生态系统产生多种影响,其中最显著的是春汛优势地位的下降和河冰融解强度的变化。无冰期的延长、气温和水温的升高、高蒸腾植物的增加,以及永久冻土融化引起的渗透性增加将使植物蒸腾作用或土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量增加,从而造成地表水位和面积下降。冰盖和永久冻土的减少、水温升高和植被类型变化对水化学的影响通常是使激流和静水群落生产力增加。冰盖和淡水流量或水位的变化导致北极圈动物栖息地可获得性和质量的某些方面的变化。

关键词：淡水生态系统北极圈土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量气候变化生态学水文平均速度地表水位

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