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Incorporation of Essential Oils from Cymbopogon Citratus and Ceasalpinia Decapitala Leaves, Citrus Lemon and Citrus Sinensis Peels into HPC （HydroxyPropyl Cellulose） Films and Assessment of Their Antibacterial Activity

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2013年第5期7卷 420-430页

作者： Theoneste Muhizi Stephane Grelier veronique coma Department of Chemistry National University of Rwanda Butare 117 Rwanda Laboratory of Chemistry and Organic Polymers (LCPO) University of Bordeaux 1 Pessac F-33600 France CNRS LCPO Pessac F-33600 France

In this study, essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus and Ceasalpinia decapitala leaves, Citrus lemon and Citrus sinens＆ peels, were extracted, chemically characterized and evaluated on both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Streptococcus pyogenes. Essential oil of C. citratus was found to be rich in geranial （33.0%） and neral （49.7%）, that from C. decapitala in 13-pinene （8.4%）, ct-pinene （25.5%）, 13-ocymene （31.6%）, 15-phellandrene （8.4%）, caryophyllene （7.5%） and geranial （5.9%）. The essential oil from C. lemon and C. sinensis where mainly composed by limonene with percentages of 77.5% and 83.3% respectively, and 13-phellandrene with percentages of 8.1% and 10.8% for the essential oil of C. lemon and C. sinensis, respectively. The antibacterial activity assessment realized on different microorganisms contaminating food showed that essential oil from C. citratus was shah more effective against all tested bacteria while that from C. sinensis was the less active essential oil. The incorporation of essential oils in HPC （hydroxy-propyl cellulose） films showed that those essential oils, especially essential oils from C. citratus, maintained their antibacterial activities against targeted microorganisms and therefore can be applied in food packing.

关键词： Essential oils Cymbopogon citratus Ceasalpinia decapitala Citrus lemon Citrus sinensis Essential oils-HPC films antibacterial activity.

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Temporo-spatial dynamics and behavioural patterns of 2012 cholera epidemic in the African mega-city of Conakry,Guinea

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 145-154页

作者： Alexandre Blake veronique Sarr Keita Delphine Sauvageot Mamadou Saliou Berthe Marie Njanpop Fode Sory Bertrand Sudre Koivogui Lamine Martin Mengel Bradford DGessner Keita Sakoba Agence de Medecine Préventive ParisFrance Division Prevention et Lutte contre la Maladie(DPLM) Ministere de la santéPublique et de l’Hygiene Publique ConakryConakryGuinea Institut National de Sante Publique(INSP) ConakryGuinea Franche-Comtéuniversity(UMR 6249 chrono-environnement) BesançonFrance.

Background:Cholera is endemic in Guinea,having suffered consecutive outbreaks from 2004 to 2008 followed by a lull until the 2012 *** we describe the temporal-spatial and behavioural characteristics of cholera cases in Conakry during a three-year period,including the large-scale 2012 ***:We used the national and African Cholera Surveillance Network(Africhol)surveillance data collected from every cholera treatment centre in Conakry city from August 2011 to December *** prevalence of suspect and confirmed cholera cases,the case fatality ratio(CFR),and the factors associated with suspected cholera were described according to three periods:pre-epidemic(A),epidemic 2012(B)and post epidemic(C).Weekly attack rates and temporal-spatial clustering were calculated at municipality level for period *** was confirmed by culture at the cholera national reference ***:A total of 4559 suspect cases were reported:66,4437,and 66 suspect cases in periods A,B and C,*** the 204 suspect cases with culture results available,6%,60%,and 70%were confirmed in periods A,B,and C,*** 0.3%,the CFR was significantly lower in period B than in periods A(7.6%)and C(7.1%).The overall attack rate was 0.28%in period B,ranging from 0.17%to 0.31%across ***,a cluster of cases was identified in two districts in the northern part of *** 14%,rice water stools were less frequent in period A than in period B and C(78%and 84%).Dehydration(31%vs 94%and 89%)and coma(0.4%vs 3.1%and 2.9%)were lower during period B than in periods A and *** treatment of drinking water was less frequent in period A,while there were more reports of recent travel in period ***:The epidemic dynamic and the sociological description of suspect cases before,during,and after the large-scale epidemic revealed that the Vibrio cholerae was already present before the ***,it appeared that infected individuals react

关键词： Cholera Space-time clustering Guinea

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