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Multiple-criteria decision analysis process by using prospect decision theory in interval-valued neutrosophic environment

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2020年第3期5卷 209-221页

作者： Chinnadurai veerappan Bobin Albert Department of Mathematics Annamalai UniversityTamil NaduIndia

This study intends to present an innovative study for ranking the alternatives in multiple-criteria decision analysis(MCDA)problems under the interval-valued neutrosophic soft set(IVNSS)*** this study,to illustrate the notion of objective and subjective weight,the prospect decision theory(PDT)performs an imperative role in determining decision-making *** predicts human behaviour in terms of gains and losses and considers the expected utility relation to a reference point rather than complete *** the analysis of merged criteria weight and the prospect decision-making matrix,the authors get a new dimension level for ranking the array of *** manuscript provides an improved score function(SF)to convert the interval-valued membership grades of truth,indeterminacy and falsity into a mathematical and computational *** advantage of this method is that it merges the objective and subjective weight during the proposed *** propose an algorithm based on the SF to determine MCDA problems with *** illustrate a case study and provide various comparative analyses to show its significance over existing studies.

关键词： value. valued illustrate

Identification, quantification and agerelated changes of human trabecular meshwork stem cells

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 261-270页

作者： Yogapriya Sundaresan Muthukkaruppan veerappan Krishnadas Subbiah Ramasamy Gowri Priya Chidambaranathan Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology Aravind Medical Research FoundationMaduraiTamil NaduIndia. Glaucoma Clinic Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of OphthalmologyMaduraiTamil NaduIndia

Background:Loss of cells in the human trabecular meshwork(TM)has been reported with ageing and in *** study aims to identify,quantify and determine the age-related changes of human TM stem cells(TMSCs).Methods:Isolation of TM cells/paraffin sectioning was carried out using human corneoscleral rings and whole *** TM cells/sections were immunostained for the stem cell markers ATP-binding cassette protein G2(ABCG2),nerve growth factor receptor p75 and AnkyrinG(AnkG).Images were acquired using Leica SP8 confocal *** isolated cells were analyzed for two parameters-ABCG2 expression and nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio(N/C ratio).The total number of TM cells and those positive for ABCG2 and p75 in each section were *** rank order correlation was used to determine the association between age and the cell ***:The TMSCs were identified based on two parameters-high ABCG2 expression and high N/C ratio>*** stem cells were also positive for p75 and *** TMSC content based on the two parameters was 21.0±1.4%in60 *** stem cells with high ABCG2 and p75 expression were restricted to the Schwalbe’s line region of the TM.A significant correlation was observed between the reduction in TMSC content and TM cell count during ***:The human TMSCs were identified and quantified based on two parameter *** study established a significant association between age-related reduction in TMSC content and TM cell loss.

关键词： Human trabecular meshwork Trabecular meshwork stem cells Two-parameter analysis Age-related changes Primary open angle glaucoma

Influence of elution conditions on DNA transport behavior in free solution by hydrodynamic chromatography

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第10期58卷 1605-1611页

作者： Lei Liu Vijaykumar veerappan Yuzhi Bian Guangsheng Guo Xiayan Wang Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation Department of Chemistry Engineering Beijing University of Technology Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas

We have previously developed bare narrow-bore capillary chromatography. In this work, high-performance DNA separation was realized for a size range of 10–800 base pairs(bp) utilizing bare narrow-bore capillary chromatography with 750 nm- radius capillaries. Separation behavior of double-stranded DNA(ds DNA) fragments was investigated over a range of eluent concentrations and elution pressures. DNA molecules were hydrodynamically separated in a size-dependent manner in free solution without any sieving matrices, with the longer fragments being eluted out from the capillary earlier. It was found that the eluent concentration variously influenced the transport behavior for different-sized DNA fragments depending upon the configuration of DNA molecules and the association of counterions. Ionic strength of the solutions strongly impacted DNA persistence length. Enhanced elution pressure could shorten analysis time with a slight loss in resolution. Excellent efficiency of two million theoretical plates per meter was achieved, which indicates the enormous potential of bare narrow-bore capillary chromatography for the analysis of DNA fragments. These findings would be useful in understanding the transport behavior of DNA fragments in confined dimensions for chromatography in free solution.

关键词： DNA separation transport behavior chromatography

Design and Analysis of Low Power Hybrid Memristor-CMOS Based Distinct Binary Logic Nonvolatile SRAM Cell

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第3期7卷 119-127页

作者： veerappan Saminathan Kuppusamy Paramasivam Department of ECE Maharaja Engineering College Avinashi India Department of ECE Karpagam College of Engineering Coimbatore India

Memristor is a newly found fourth circuit element for the next generation emerging nonvolatile memory technology. In this paper, design of new type of nonvolatile static random access memory cell is proposed by using a combination of memristor and complemented metal oxide semiconductor. Biolek memristor model and CMOS 180 nm technology are used to form a single cell. By introducing distinct binary logic to avoid safety margin is left for each binary logic output and enables better read/write data integrity. The total power consumption reduces from 0.407 mw (milli-watt) to 0.127 mw which is less than existing memristor based memory cell of the same CMOS technology. Read and write time is also significantly reduced. However, write time is higher than conventional 6T SRAM cell and can be reduced by increasing motion of electron in the memristor. The change of the memristor state is shown by applying piecewise linear input voltage.

关键词： Memristor-CMOS Nonvolatile Memory Power Consumption DBL PWL Input

Drug-Excipient Interactions: Case Studies and Overview of Drug Degradation Pathways

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016年第1期7卷 107-140页

作者： Kishore Kumar Hotha Swapan Roychowdhury veerappan Subramanian Novel Laboratories Inc. Somerset NJ USA

The objective of the current research article is to provide a comprehensive review of excipients impact on the stability of the drug product and their implications during the product development. Recent developments in the understanding of the degradation pathways further impact methodologies used in the pharmaceutical industry for potential stability assessment. The formation of drug excipient adducts was very common based on the sensitive chemical moieties in the drugs and the excipients. The formation of the impurities was not limited to drug related impurities but there were several possibilities of the drug-excipient adduct formations as well as excipient impurities reaction with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Identification of drug degradation in presence of excipients/excipient impurities requires extensive knowledge and adequate analytical characterization data. Systematic literature review and understanding about the drug formulation process, give you a smooth platform in establishing the finished product in the drug market. This paper discusses mechanistic basis of known drug-excipient interactions with case studies and provides an overview of common underlying themes in solid, semisolid and parenteral dosage forms.

关键词： Drug Excipients Forced Degradation Impurities Adducts Degradation Pathways HPLC LC-MS/MS Synthesis Chemistry Characterization

Drug-Excipient Interaction of Methylphenidate with Glycerin in Methylphenidate Oral Solution and Identification of its Transesterification Products by UPLC-MS/MS

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016年第2期7卷 151-164页

作者： Kishore Kumar Hotha Swapan Roychowdhury veerappan Subramanian Novel Laboratories Inc. Somerset NJ USA

Reactions between active drug substances and excipients are of interest in the drug formulation process should be checked for the interactions during the storage conditions. Some excipients react with certain chemical groups in drug substances which will form new impurities in the finished product formulations. In the present paper transesterification reaction of methylphenidate with glycerin to form different structural isomeric products was described. These impurities identified in forced degradation studies, excipient compatibility studies and stability analysis of the finished product. Stability samples were analyzed and observed that about ~0.6% of the Methylphenidate content was transformed into methylphenidate-glycerin isomers within 3 Months at 40°C/75% RH and 18 Months at 25°C/60% RH conditions. Analysis of two lots of marketed preparations having expiry dates in 2012 and 2013 showed content of the Methylphenidate esters corresponding to ~0.6% of the declared Methylphenidate content. The samples of this impurity were investigated by HPLC, UPLC-MS/MS to generate the mechanism of the impurity formation.

关键词： Methylphenidate Oral Solution Glycerin Transesterification Excipient Interactions Forced Degradation

Development of Better-Quality Assay Method for the Citric Acid and Sodium Citrate in Ophthalmic/Oral Solutions and Their Application to Deformulation Studies

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第17期5卷 1249-1260页

作者： Kishore Kumar Hotha Tejashkumar Patel Swapan Roychowdhury veerappan Subramanian Novel Laboratories Inc. Somerset NJ USA

There were several techniques determined for the analysis of citrate and citric acid mixtures in the pharmaceutical dosage forms. Titration methods, photometric and ion chromatographic methods were used for their determination. These methods will restrict too many factors where the accurate quantification of citrate and citric acid is extremely challenging. Citric acid is the natural flavor used as a preservative for many pharmaceutical applications. Deformulation techniques used for the manufacturing of generic drugs require authentic data for their regulatory submissions. Simple accurate and reproducible validated method developed for the determination of citric acid and sodium citrate by titration followed by HPLC analysis. Free citric acid was determined by the titration method and total citric acid was determined by HPLC analysis. After subtracting the free citric acid from total citric acid content, citric acid present in the sodium citrate content was determined. Sodium citrate content was determined by applying sodium correction factor to the subtracted value of the citric acid. The results met all the validation parameters and the method was successfully measured the amount of citric acid and sodium citrate in the marketed ophthalmic/oral solutions.

关键词： Citric Acid Sodium Citrate Ophthalmic Solutions Oral Solutions Titration HPLC

Effect of hole-transporting materials on the photovoltaic performance and stability of all-ambient-processed perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第3期26卷 584-591页

作者： Nanaji Islavath S Saroja K Srinivas Reddy P C Harikesh G veerappan Shrikant V Joshi Easwaramoorthi Ramasamy Centre for Solar Energy Materials International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials(ARCI)Hyderabad 500005India

High-efficiency perovskite solar cells（PSCs） reported hitherto have been mostly prepared in a moisture and oxygen-free glove-box atmosphere, which hampers upscaling and real-time performance assessment of this exciting photovoltaic technology. In this work, we have systematically studied the feasibility of allambient-processing of PSCs and evaluated their photovoltaic performance. It has been shown that phasepure crystalline tetragonal MAPbI;perovskite films are instantly formed in ambient air at room temperature by a two-step spin coating process, undermining the need for dry atmosphere and ***-ambient-processed PSCs with a configuration of FTO/TiO;/MAPbI;/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au achieve opencircuit voltage（990 mV） and short-circuit current density（20.31 mA/cm;） comparable to those of best reported glove-box processed devices. Nevertheless, device power conversion efficiency is still constrained at 5% by the unusually low fill-factor of 0.25. Dark current–voltage characteristics reveal poor conductivity of hole-transporting layer caused by lack of oxidized spiro-OMe TAD species, resulting in high seriesresistance and decreased fill-factor. The study also establishes that the above limitations can be readily overcome by employing an inorganic p-type semiconductor, copper thiocyanate, as ambient-processable hole-transporting layer to yield a fill-factor of 0.54 and a power conversion efficiency of 7.19%. The present findings can have important implications in industrially viable fabrication of large-area PSCs.

关键词： Perovskite Ambient processing Solar cell Hole transport Series resistance

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印度楝树：用于制革原料皮防腐的绿色材料

北京皮革（中外鞋讯）（下） 2010年第3期 84-89页

作者： Vasudevan Preethi（） veerappan Rathinasamy（） Narasimhan Kannan（） Chandra Babu（） Praveen Kumar Sehgal（）辜海彬（译）中央皮革研究生物制品实验室 AdyarChennai 600020Tamil Nadu印度中央皮革制革厂部 AdyarChennai 600020Tamil Nadu印度不详

固体食盐（氯化钠）广泛用于原料皮的防腐，因此，大量的氯化钠以总溶解固体（TDS）的形式排放在制革浸水工序的废水中。在印度Chennai中央皮革研究所（CLRI），我们尝试使用一种基于草本植物印度楝树（一般的印度名称为Neem）的防腐剂... 详细信息

固体食盐（氯化钠）广泛用于原料皮的防腐，因此，大量的氯化钠以总溶解固体（TDS）的形式排放在制革浸水工序的废水中。在印度Chennai中央皮革研究所（CLRI），我们尝试使用一种基于草本植物印度楝树（一般的印度名称为Neem）的防腐剂配方来取代食盐，用于山羊皮的防腐。在CLRI的试验成功后，我们又在有当地居民收集大量山羊皮来出售的印度农村地区，对该防腐剂配方成功进行了实地试验。用该配方防腐的皮和盐腌皮，其蓝湿革和坯革的物理化学性能和感官性能都差不多。使用印度楝树进行防腐，可显著减少浸水废液中的TDS，而且在用于防腐后，还可将它从皮上刮下来，堆肥处理，制成肥料，作为花肥使用，从而为其处理提供了很好的解决办法。

关键词：印度楝树防腐剂原料皮绿色材料制革总溶解固体物理化学性能试验成功