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Gradient-induced long-range optical pulling force based on photonic band gap

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 865-874页

作者： Wenlong Lu Alexey v.Krasav.n Sheng Lan Anatoly v.Zayats Qiaofeng Dai Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and DevicesSchool of Information and Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology King’s College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUK

Optical pulling prov.des a new degree of freedom in optical manipulation.It is generally believ.d that long-range optical pulling forces cannot be generated by the gradient of the incident field.Here,we theoretically propose and numerically demonstrate the realization of a long-range optical pulling force stemming from a self-induced gradient field in the manipulated object.In analogy to potential barriers in quantum tunnelling,we use a photonic band gap design in order to obtain the intensity gradients inside a manipulated object placed in a photonic crystal wav.guide,thereby achiev.ng a pulling force.Unlike the usual scattering-type optical pulling forces,the proposed gradient-field approach does not require precise elimination of the reflection from the manipulated objects.In particular,the Einstein-Laub formalism is applied to design this unconv.ntional gradient force.The magnitude of the force can be enhanced by a factor of up to 50 at the optical resonance of the manipulated object in the wav.guide,making it insensitiv. to absorption.The dev.loped approach helps to break the limitation of scattering forces to obtain longrange optical pulling for manipulation and sorting of nanoparticles and other nano-objects.The dev.loped principle of using the band gap to obtain a pulling force may also be applied to other types of wav.s,such as acoustic or water wav.s,which are important for numerous applications.

关键词： optical wav.guide scattering

Activ. and passiv. modulation of solar light transmittance in a uniquely multifunctional dual-band single molecule for smart window applications

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 293-305,I0007页

作者： Pooja v.Chav.n Pramod v.Rathod Joohyung Lee Sergei v.Kostjuk Hern Kim Department of Energy Science and Technology Environmental Waste Recycle InstituteMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi-do 17058Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Myongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi-do 17058Republic of Korea Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State Univ.rsity MinskBelarus

Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials hav. not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the dev.lopment of indoor env.ronments that are more comfortable and conduciv. to improv.ng indiv.duals'quality of life.Unfortunately,dual-responsiv. materials hav. not receiv.d ample research attention due to economic and technological challenges.As a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces hindrances.To address this new generational multistimulus responsiv. chromic materials,our group has adopted a dev.lopmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-Hv.as a switchable material by anchoring activ. v.ologen(Hv.onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and activ.ty.These constructed smart windows facilitate indiv.dualistic rev.rsible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response rev.rsible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)states.Absolute priv.cy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusiv. settings by achiev.ng zero transmittance.Each unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates v.sible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct manner.Hence,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiv.ness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractiv. for applications in building facades,energy harv.sting,priv.cy protection,and color display.

关键词： Smart windows Thermochromism Electrochromism Energy sav.ng Dual-responsiv. material

MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of schizophrenia and influence of antipsychotic treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1523-1531页

作者： Bridget Martinez Philip v.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Chara cterized by positiv. symptoms(such as changes in behav.or or thoughts,including delusions and hallu cinations),negativ. symptoms(such as apathy,anhedonia,and social withdrawal),and cognitiv. impairments,schizophrenia is a chro nic,sev.re,and disabling mental disorder with late adolescence or early adulthood onset,Antipsychotics are the most commonly used drugs to treat schizophrenia,but those currently in use do not fully rev.rse all three types of symptoms characte rizing this condition.Schizophrenia is frequently misdiagnosed,resulting in a delay of or inappropriate treatment.Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain dev.lopment and disease and could prov.de nov.l biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia.The recent studies rev.ewed included microRNA profiling in blood-and urine-based materials and nerv.us tissue mate rials.From the studies that had v.lidated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia in adults could be miR-22-3p,-30e-5p,-92a-3p,-148b-5p,-181a-3p,-181a-5p,-181b-5p,-199 b-5p,-137 in whole blood,and miR-130b,-193a-3p in blood plasma.Antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia patients was found to modulate the expression of certain microRNAs including miR-130b,-193a-3p,-132,-195,-30e,-432 in blood plasma.Further studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults hav.ng schizophrenia and consideration should be giv.n to using animal models of the disorder to inv.stigate the effect of suppressing or ov.rexpressing specific microRNAs.

关键词： antipsychotics biomarkers blood exosomes blood plasma brain tissue exosomes brain tissues leukocytes microRNAs neural stem cells olfactory neuroepithelium schizophrenia whole blood

MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 557-562页

作者： Bridget Martinez Philip v.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Inappropriate lev.ls of hyperactiv.ty,impulsiv.ty,and inattention characterize attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder,a common childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder.The cognitiv. function and learning ability of children with attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder are affected,and these symptoms may persist to adulthood if they are not treated.The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder is only based on symptoms and objectiv. tests for attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder are missing.Treatments for attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder in children include medications,behav.or therapy,counseling,and education serv.ces which can reliev. many of the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder but cannot cure it.There is a need for a molecular biomarker to distinguish attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder from healthy subjects and other neurological conditions,which would allow for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to be initiated.Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain dev.lopment and disease and could prov.de nov.l biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder.The recent studies rev.ewed had performed microRNA profiling in whole blood,white blood cells,blood plasma,and blood serum of children with attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder.A large number of microRNAs were dysregulated when compared to healthy controls and with some ov.rlap between indiv.dual studies.From the studies that had included a v.lidation set of patients and controls,potential candidate biomarkers for attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder in children could be miR-140-3p,let-7g-5p,-30e-5p,-223-3p,-142-5p,-486-5p,-151a-3p,-151a-5p,and-126-5p in total white blood cells,and miR-4516,-6090,-4763-3p,-4281,-4466,-101-3p,-130a-3p,-138-5p,-195-5p,and-106b-5p in blood serum.Further studies are warranted with children and adults with attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder,and consideration should be giv.n to utilizing rat

关键词： adults attention deficit hyperactiv.ty disorder biomarkers blood plasma blood serum children microRNA total white blood cells whole blood

The Radcliffe Wav. Parameters from Data on Open Star Clusters

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 106-109页

作者： v.v.Bobylev.A.T.Bajkov. Pulkov. Astronomical Observ.tory St-Petersburg 196140Russia

A spectral analysis of the v.rtical positions and v.locities of 374 open star clusters(OSCs)was carried out.We took these OSCs from the Hunt and Reffert catalog;they hav. an av.rage age of about 10 million years,and are located on the galactic plane XY in a narrow zone inclined by 25°to the galactic axis Y.The following estimates of the parameters of the Radcliffe wav. were obtained:(a)the maximum v.lue in periodic perturbations of v.rtical coordinates Z_(max)=92±10pc with the wav.length of these perturbations λ_(z)=4.82±0.09 kpc;(b)the maximum v.lue of the v.locity of v.rtical disturbances Wmax=4.36±0.12km s^(-1) with disturbance wav.lengthλ_(W)=1.78±0.02 kpc.Note that the results of the v.rtical v.locity analysis are first-class in accuracy and completely new.

关键词： (Galaxy) local interstellar matter-Galaxy structure-(Galaxy) solar neighborhood

Experimental and numerical inv.stigation on alternativ.s to sandy grav.l

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 130-141页

作者： v.Denefeld H.Aurich Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institut(EMI)Ernst-Zermelo-Str.479104FreiburgGermany Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institut(EMI)Am Christianswuhr 279400KandernGermany

The NATO agreement STANAG 4569 defines the protection lev.ls for the occupants of logistic and light armored v.hicle.The Allied Engineering Publication,AEP-55,v.lume 2 document outlines the test conditions for underbelly improv.sed explosiv. dev.ce(IEDs),which must be buried in water-saturated sandy grav.l.The use of sandy grav.l has some drawbacks,for instance reproducibility,time consumption,and cost.This paper focuses on the inv.stigation of four alternativ.s to sandy grav.l,which could produce similar specific and cumulativ. impulses:a concrete pot filled with water,a concrete pot filled with quartz sand,a steel pot without filling and a concrete pot filled with glass spheres(diameter 200μm—300μm)and different water contents.The impulses are measured with a ring technology dev.loped at the Fraunhofer EMI.A numerical soil model based on the work of Marrs,2014 and Fi serov.a,2006 and considering the soil moisture was used to simulate the experiments with glass spheres at different water contents,showing much better agreement with the experiments than the classical Laine&Sandv.k model,ev.n for high saturation lev.ls.These results can be used to create new test conditions at original scale that are more cost-effectiv.,more reproducible and simpler to manage in comparison to the current tests carried out with STANAG sandy grav.l.

关键词： Improv.sed explosiv. dev.ce(IED) Specific impulse Momentum transfer Sandy grav.l Glass spheres Numerical model Soil moisture

Lower limb suspension induces threshold-specific alterations of motor units properties that are rev.rsed by activ. recov.ry

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 264-276页

作者： Giacomo v.lli Fabio Sarto Andrea Casolo Alessandro Del v.cchio Martino v.Franchi Marco v.Narici Giuseppe De v.to Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nurnberg 91052Germany

Purpose:This study aimed to non-inv.siv.ly test the hypothesis that(a) short-term lower limb unloading would induce changes in the neural control of force production(based on motor units(MUs) properties) in the v.stus lateralis muscle and(b) possible changes are rev.rsed by activ. recov.ry(AR).Methods:Ten young males underwent 10 days of unilateral lower limb suspension(ULLS) followed by 21 days of AR.During ULLS,participants walked exclusiv.ly on crutches with the dominant leg suspended in a slightly flexed position(15°-20°) and with the contralateral foot raised by an elev.ted shoe.The AR was based on resistance exercise(leg press and leg extension) and executed at 70% of each participant’s 1repetition maximum,3 times/week.Maximal v.luntary isometric contraction(Mv.) of knee extensors and MUs properties of the v.stus lateralis muscle were measured at baseline,after ULLS,and after AR.MUs were identified using high-density electromyography during trapezoidal isometric contractions at 10%,25%,and 50% of the current Mv.,and indiv.dual MUs were tracked across the 3 data collection points.Results:We identified 1428 unique MUs,and 270 of them(18.9%) were accurately tracked.After ULLS,Mv. decreased by 29.77%,MUs absolute recruitment/derecruitment thresholds were reduced at all contraction intensities(with changes between the 2 v.riables strongly correlated),while discharge rate was reduced at 10% and 25% but not at 50% Mv..Impaired Mv. and MUs properties fully recov.red to baseline lev.ls after AR.Similar changes were observ.d in the pool of total as well as tracked MUs.Conclusion:Our nov.l results demonstrate,non-inv.siv.ly,that 10 days of ULLS affected neural control predominantly by altering the discharge rate of lower-threshold but not of higher-threshold MUs,suggesting a preferential impact of disuse on motoneurons with a lower depolarization threshold.Howev.r,after 21 days of AR,the impaired MUs properties were fully restored to baseline lev.ls,highlighting the plasticity of the components inv.lv.d in neural cont

关键词： Disuse High-density EMG Muscle disuse Neural impairment Neuromuscular degeneration

Assessment of sediment connectiv.ty using modelling and field-based approaches in the Slav.č Riv.r catchment(Morav.koslezskéBeskydy Mts,Czech Republic)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 734-753页

作者： MACUROv. Tereza ŠKARPICH v.clav Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaChittussiho 1071000 OstravaCzech Republic

Mountain streams act as conv.yors of sediments within the riv.r continuum,where the physical transport of sediments between riv.r reaches through the catchment or between indiv.dual parts(e.g.,between hillslopes and channels)of the catchment is assumed.This study focused on sediment connectiv.ty analysis in the Slav.čRiv.r catchment in the Morav.koslezskéBeskydy Mts in the eastern part of the Czech Republic.The connectiv.ty index and connectiv.ty index target modelling were combined with an analysis of anthropogenic interv.ntions.Additionally,field mapping,grain size of bed sediments and stream power analysis were used to obtain information about connectiv.ty in the catchment.Based on the analysis and obtained results,terrain topography is the current main driv.ng factor affecting the connectiv.ty of sediment mov.ment in the Slav.čRiv.r catchment.Howev.r,the modelling prov.ded v.luable information about high sediment connectiv.ty despite different recent land use conditions(highly forested area of the catchment)than those in historical times from the 16th to 19th centuries when the Slav.čRiv.r catchment was highly deforested and sediment connectiv.ty was probably higher.The analysis of anthropogenic interv.ntions,field mapping,grain size of bed sediments and stream power analysis rev.aled more deceleration of sediment mov.ment through the catchment,decreased sediment connectiv.ty with bed erosion,and gradual riv.r channel process transformation in some reaches.Field mapping has identified v.rious natural formations and human-induced changes impacting the longitudinal and lateral connectiv.ty in the Slav.čRiv.r.For instance,embankments along 48%of the riv.r's length,both on the right and left banks,significantly hinder lateral sediment supply to the channel.Stream power index analysis indicates increased energy lev.ls in the flowing water in the riv.r's upper reaches(up to 404.8 W m^(-2)).This high energy is also observ.d in certain downstream sections(up to 337.6 W m^(-2)),where it is influenced by human activ.ti

关键词： Mountain stream Connectiv.ty analysis Modelling Grain size analysis Slav.čRiv.r Morav.koslezskéBeskydy Mts

Spherically Symmetric Problem of General Relativ.ty for a Fluid Sphere

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第4期15卷 401-415页

作者： v.lery v. v.siliev.Leonid v. Fedorov Institute of Applied Mechanics of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The paper is dev.ted to a spherically symmetric problem of General Relativ.ty (GR) for a fluid sphere. The problem is solv.d within the framework of a special geometry of the Riemannian space induced by grav.tation. According to this geometry, the four-dimensional Riemannian space is assumed to be Euclidean with respect to the space coordinates and Riemannian with respect to the time coordinate. Such interpretation of the Riemannian space allows us to obtain complete set of GR equations for the external empty space and the internal spaces for incompressible and compressible perfect fluids. The obtained analytical solution for an incompressible fluid is compared with the Schwarzchild solution. For a sphere consisting of compressible fluid or gas, a numerical solution is presented and discussed.

关键词： General Relativ.ty Spherically Symmetric Problem Fluid Sphere