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Effect of process param.ters on SPRC35 spot welded autom.tive panels

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Acta m.tallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2010年第3期23卷 185-190页

作者： m.Balasubram.nian v.Balasubram.nian Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Velammal Engineering College Departm.nt of m.nufacturing Engineering Annamalai University

This paper presents an experim.ntal study on the resistance spot weldability of SPRC35（steel plate re-phosphorised cold rolled） *** sheets were joined by using resistance spot welding as lap *** weld nugget diam.ter and tensile shear force were ***-shear tests were applied to the welded specim.ns to understand the tensile shear force that the joint can *** relationships were developed for both nugget diam.ter and tensile shear *** of autom.tic m.de, will increase the dependence on the use of equations to predict the nugget *** developed m.dels have been checked for their adequacy and significance by the F test and t test *** results obtained from.the em.irical relationships have been optim.zed and also tested using conform.ty test runs.

关键词： Resistance spot welding SPRC35 steel

Optim.zing the Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Param.ters

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2006年第6期22卷 821-825页

作者： m.Balasubram.nian v.Jayabalan v. Balasubram.nian Departm.nt of Production Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyIndia Departm.nt of m.nufacturing Engineering Anna UniversityIndia Departm.nt of m.nufacturing Engineering Annamalai UniversityIndia

The selection of process param.ter in the gas tungsten arc （GTA） welding of titanium.alloy was presented for obtaining optim.m.grain size and hardness. Titanium.alloy （Ti-6Al-4v） is one of the m.st im.ortant non-ferrous m.tals which offers great potential application in aerospace, biom.dical and chem.cal industries, because of its low density （4.5 g/cm.3）, excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, attractive fracture behaviour and high m.lting point （1678℃）. The preferred welding process for titanium.alloy is frequent GTA welding due to its com.aratively easier applicability and better econom.. In the case of single pass （GTA） welding of thinner section of this alloy, the pulsed current has been found beneficial due to its advantages over the conventional continuous current process. m.ny considerations com. into the picture and one needs to carefully balance various pulse current param.ters to reach an optim.m.com.ination. Four factors, five level, central com.osite, rotatable design m.trix were used to optim.ze the required num.er of experim.ntal conditions. m.them.tical m.dels were developed to predict the fusion zone grain size using analysis of variance （ANOvA） and regression analysis. The developed m.dels were optim.zed using the traditional Hooke and Jeeve＇s algorithm. Experim.ntal results were provided to illustrate the proposed approach.

关键词： Pulsed current Gas tungsten arc welding Titanium.alloy Design of experim.nts ANOvA, Hooke and Jeeve's algorithm Grain size Hardness

Process Param.ter Optim.zation of the Pulsed Current Argon Tungsten Arc Welding of Titanium.Alloy

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2008年第3期24卷 423-426页

作者： m.Balasubram.nian v.Jayabalan v.Balasubram.nian Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Maamallan Institute of Technology Departm.nt of m.nufacturing-Engineering Anna University Departm.nt of m.nufacturing Engineering Annamalai University

The selection of process param.ters for obtaining optim.l tensile properties in the pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding is presented. The tensile properties include ultim.te tensile strength, yield strength and notch tensile strength. All these characteristics are considered together in the selection of process param.ters by m.dified taguchi m.thod to analyse the effect of each welding process param.ter on tensile properties. Experim.ntal results are furnished to illustrate the approach.

关键词： Pulsing current m.dified taguchi m.thod Tensile properties

Plasm. Discharge Initiation of Explosives in Rock Blasting Application:A Case Study

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2006年第4期8卷 443-446页

作者： Jae-OuCHAE Young-JunJEONG v.m.SHm.LEv A.A.DENICAEv v.m.POUTCHKOv v.RAvI Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Inha UniversityIncheonSouth Korea Institute of Chem.cal Physics Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia

A plasm. discharge initiation system.for the explosive volum.tric com.ustion charge was designed, investigated and developed for practical application. Laboratory scale experim.nts were carried out before conducting the large scale field tests. The resultant explosions gave rise to less noise, insignificant seism.c vibrations and good specific explosive consum.tion for rock blasting. Im.ortantly, the technique was found to be safe and environm.ntally friendly.

关键词： plasm. discharge com.ustion exploding wire and rock blasting

In-Flight Form.tion of Nano-Crystalline Titanium.Dioxide Powder in a Plasm. Jet and Its Characterization

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2010年第4期12卷 426-432页

作者： P. v. ANANTHAPADm.NABHAN m. vIJAY T. K. THIYAGARAJAN K. P. SREEKUm.R v. SELvARAJAN Jiaguo YU Shengwei LIU Laser & Plasm. Technology Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai-400085 India Departm.nt of Physics Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641046 India State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for m.terial Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

Nanocrystalline titanium.dioxide powder was synthesized by in-flight oxidation of titanium.dihydride （TiH2） powder in a therm.l plasm. jet. TiH2 powder was injected into the therm.l plasm. jet and allowed to react with oxygen injected downstream.the jet. Characteriza- tion of the powder by various analytical tools indicated that the powder consisted of nano-sized titanium.dioxide particles consisting predom.nantly of the anatase phase. It is suggested that the therm.-chem.stry of the oxidation process contributes significantly to the form.tion of nano-sized titania. The large energy released during the oxidation process dissociates the TiO2 particles into TiO（g） and titanium.vapour, which recom.ine downstream.with oxygen and form.nano particles of TiO2.

关键词： nanostructures titanium.dioxide arc plasm. synthesis reactive plasm. pro- cessing surface properties

Electron Param.gnetic Resonance and Optical Absorption Studies on Copper Ions in m.xed Alkali Cadm.um.Phosphate Glasses

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2009年第4期25卷 531-534页

作者： G. Giridhar m. Rangacharyulu R.v.S.S.N. Ravikum.r P. Sam.asiva Rao Departm.nt of Physics Acharya Nagarjuna University Departm.nt of Chem.stry Pondicherry University

Electron param.gnetic resonance （EPR） and optical absorption studies were carried out at room.tem.erature on copper doped m.xed alkali cadm.um.phosphate （LiNaCdP） glasses to understand the nature and sym.etry of dopant. Three sam.les with varying concentrations of alkali ions have been prepared. The spin Harniltonian param.ters obtained from.room.tem.erature EPR spectra are： gli=2.437, 9⊥=2.096, A‖=117×10-4 cm.1, A⊥=26×10-4 cm.1 for LiNaCdP1, g‖=2.441, g⊥=2.088, A‖=121×10-4 cm.1, A⊥=25×10-4 cm.1 for LiNaCdP2and g‖=2.433,g⊥=2.096, A‖=125×10 4cm.1, A⊥=32×10-4cm.1 for LiNaCdP3. TheseEPR results indicate that the dopant Cu2＋ ion enters the glass m.trix into a tetragonally elongated octahedral site. The bonding param.ters evaluated by correlating optical and EPR data suggest that bonding between the central m.tal ion and ligands is partially covalent. The m.xed alkali effect in cadm.um.phosphate glasses was reported.

关键词： Glasses Electron param.gnetic resonance (EPR) Optical properties

Solution‑Processed Thin Film.Transparent Photovoltaics:Present Challenges and Future Developm.nt

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Nano-m.cro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 566-600页

作者： Tianle Liu m.nerah m.S.Alm.tairi Jie m. Aisling Stewart Zhaohui Xing m.ngxia Liu Bo Hou Yuljae Cho Um.SJTU Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China School of Physics and Astronom. Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAWalesUK Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA Energy Sciences Institute Yale UniversityWest HavenCT 06516USA Future Photovoltaics Research Center Global Institute of Future TechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China

Electrical energy is essential for m.dern society to sustain econom.c *** soaring dem.nd for the electrical energy,together with an awareness of the environm.ntal im.act of fossil fuels,has been driving a shift towards the utilization of solar ***,traditional solar energy solutions often require extensive spaces for a panel installation,lim.ting their practicality in a dense urban *** overcom. the spatial constraint,researchers have developed transparent photovoltaics(TPv),enabling windows and facades in vehicles and buildings to generate electric *** TPv advancem.nts are focused on im.roving both transparency and power output to rival com.ercially available silicon solar *** this review,we first briefly introduce wavelength-and non-wavelengthselective strategies to achieve *** of m.rit and theoretical lim.ts of TPvs are discussed to com.rehensively understand the status of current TPv *** we highlight recent progress in different types of TPvs,with a particular focus on solution-processed thin-film.photovoltaics(Pvs),including colloidal quantum.dot Pvs,m.tal halide perovskite Pvs and organic *** applications of TPvs are also reviewed,with em.hasis on agrivoltaics,sm.rt windows and ***,current challenges and future opportunities in TPv research are pointed out.

关键词： Transparent sem.conductors Solution-processable transparent solar cell Em.rging solar cell m.terials Buildingintegrated photovoltaics

Solar wind entry via flux tube into m.gnetosphere observed by Cluster m.asurem.nts at dayside m.gnetopause during southward Im.

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第7期52卷 2104-2111页

作者： m. Dunlop A. Balogh H. Rèm. Y. v. Bogdanova A. Fazakerley Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Im.erial College of Science Technology and Medicine London United Kingdom CESR BP4346 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4 France m.llard Space Science Laboratory Dorkink United Kingdom Departm.nt of Physics La Trobe University Victoria 3086 Australia

By analyzing hot ion and electron param.ters together with m.gnetic field m.asurem.nts from.Cluster, an event of m.gnetopause crossing of the spacecraft has been investigated. At the latitude of about 40° and m.gnetic local tim. (m.T) of 13:20 during the southward interplanetary m.gnetic field (Im.), a transition layer was observed, with the m.gnetospheric field configuration and cold dense plasm. features of the m.gnetosheath. The particle energy-tim. spectrogram. inside the layer were sim.lar to but still a little different from.those in the m.gnetosheath, obviously indicating the solar wind entry into the m.gnetosphere. The direction and m.gnitude of the accelerated ion flow im.lied that reconnection m.ght possibly cause such a solar wind entry phenom.non. The bipolar signature of the norm.l m.gnetic com.onent BN in m.gnetopause coordinates further supported happening of reconnection there. The solar wind plasm. flowed toward the m.gnetopause and entered the m.gnetosphere along the reconnected flux tube. The m.gnetospheric branch of the reconnected flux tube was still inside the m.gnetosphere after reconnection and supplied the path for the solar wind entry into the dayside m.gnetosphere. The case analysis gives observational evidence and m.re details of how the reconnection process at the dayside low latitude m.gnetopause caused the solar wind entry into the m.gnetosphere.

关键词： transport process m.gnetic reconnection solar wind-m.gnetosphere interactions

Carbazoles and benzocarbazoles confirm.m.gration of leaked petroleum.through caprocks and overlaying form.tions of valhall Well 2/8-8 in the North Sea

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Acta Geochim.ca 2018年第4期37卷 537-545页

作者： S. Abrakas m. C. Onojake v. Ukaegbu H. O. Nwankwoala Departm.nt of Geology University of Port HarcourtPort Harcourt Nigeria Centre for Petroleum.Geosciences University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Departm.nt of Pure and Industrial Chem.stry University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

A wildcat m.y not result in a petroleum.prospect; however, it m.y indicate potential need for frontier explo- ration, since petroleum.could leak into econom.c accum.- lations. Carbazoles and benzocarbazoles are nitrogen com.ounds in petroleum.and can be em.loyed to explicitly explain m.gration direction and distance of leaking petro- leum. The hypothesis of this study is that the m.chanism.of the reaction involving the attraction of carbazoles to clay m.nerals on the m.trix of the walls along their m.gration pathways determ.nes the isom.r that is preferentially attached to the m.neral m.trix. The objectives of this study are （a） to produce a profile for carbazoles and benzocar- bazoles ratios in the cap rock overlying the reservoir, （b） to com.are carbazole and benzocarbazole ratios to 20S/ （20S ＋ 20R）（^（^C29 Sterane m.turity ratios （c） to infer m.gration direction from.the carbazoles and benzocar- bazoles ratio. Sam.les used were side wall cores and drill cuttings of water-based m.d drilling. The EOm.（ex- tractable organic m.tter） from.various form.tions overlying the reservoir was obtained using Soxtherm.Autom.tic Equipm.nt. The TPH （total petroleum.hydrocarbon） was obtained from.the EOm.by using a precleaned isolute C18 500 m. / 3 m. colum., eluted with hexane, while the polars were eluted with dichlorom.thane. Fractionation into satu- rates and arom.tics was done using a silver nitrate-silica gel colum.. The profiles of 1,8/1,3 and 1,8/2,4 dim.thyl car- bazoles and the benzocarbazoles ratios show a vertical gra- dient of decreasing ratio with increasing vertical distance from.the reservoir. This corroborates the %vRo equivalent of 20S/（20S ＋ 20R） αααC29 Sterane and the carbazole ratios infer vertical m.gration of leaked petroleum.

关键词： m.gration Geochrom.tography Leakage North Sea valhall