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An integrated foot transducer and data logging system for dynamic assessment of lower limb exerted forces during agricultural machinery operations

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 96-103页

作者： Smrutilipi Hota v.k.tewari Abhilash k.Chandel Gajendra Singha Indian Institute of Technology kharagpur West BengalIndia Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural Systems Washington State UniversityProsserWAUSA

Agricultural machinery typically requires lower limb actuation forces for operations such as treadling,pedaling and tractor ***,limited systems exist for assessment of such forces that have ergonomic *** study,therefore developed and evaluated a single board computer integrated foot transducer(IFT)and autonomous data logging and visualization systemtomonitor dynamic lower limb exerted *** systemconsists of custom developed load sensors sandwiched into foot shaped units that fit operator's both *** forces at crank angles for operations typical to pedaling while at height(above ground level)for operation representing typical treadling operations were recorded on-board amemory card and displayed on a liquid crystal *** were conducted by imposing external loads that significantly increased(p b 0.05)the foot exerted *** trends were periodic with peaks of 73,85,110.5 and 145.4 N for left foot and 41,50,131.7 and 145.4 N for right foot at loads of 10,30,50 and 70 N,respectively during pedaling ***,the left lower actuation limb exerted forces of 139,249 and 255 N at 5,10 and 15 N of imposed loads,respectively during treadling *** was also evaluated for tractor operations and exerted forces ranged from 92 to 164 and 107–176 N for clutch pedal engagement at lower to higher tractor speeds on farm and tarmacadam roads,***,for brake pedal engagement,such forces ranged from106 to 173 and 120–204 N on farm and *** forces varied significantly at different forward *** suggest potential of such system for foot exerted force assessments typical to agricultural machinery systems in real *** be evaluated or reconsidered tominimizemusculoskeletal disorder risks during prolonged ***-rest schedules protocols can be developed by ergonomists for safe,efficient and comfortable operations.

关键词： Agricultural machinery operations Lower limb exerted forces Instrumented foot transducer Autonomous data logging and visualization Ergonomics and safety

Optimizing the seed-cell filling performance of an inclined plate seed metering device using integrated ANN-PSO approach

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2021年第1期5卷 1-12页

作者： C.M.Pareek v.k.tewari Rajendra Machavaram Brajesh Nare Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurWest Bengal 721302India Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Station JalandharPunjab 144026India

Uniformseed distribution within the row is the prime objective of precision planters for better crop growth and *** plate planters are generally used for sowing bold seeds likemaize,groundnut,chickpea,and their operating parameters like the forward speed of operation,the seedmetering plate inclination,and the seed level in the hopper affect the cell fill and subsequently the uniformseed ***,to achieve precise seed distribution,these parameters need to be *** the present study,out of the different optimization techniques,a new intelligent optimization technique based on the integrated ANN-PSO approach has been used to achieve the set goal.A 3–5-1 artificial neural network(ANN)model was developed for predicting the cell fill of inclined plate seedmetering device,and the particle swarmoptimization(PSO)algorithmwas applied to obtain the optimum values of the operating parameters corresponding to 100%cell *** most appropriate optimal values of the forward speed of operation,the seed metering plate inclination,and the seed level in the hopper for achieving 100%cell fill were found to be 3 km/h,50-degree,and 75%of total height,*** proposed integrated ANN-PSO approach was capable of predicting the optimal values of operating parameters with amaximumdeviation of 2%compared to the experimental results,thus confirmed the reliability of the proposed optimization technique.

关键词： Precision planter Inclined plate seed metering device Cell fill percentage ANN PSO

Lightweight convolutional neural network models for semanticsegmentation of in-field cotton bolls

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第2期8卷 1-19页

作者： Naseeb Singh v.k.tewari P.k.Biswas L.k.Dhruw Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering IIT KharagpurKharagpur 721302India Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering IIT KharagpurKharagpur 721302India

Robotic harvesting of cotton bolls will incorporate the benefits of manual picking as well as mechanical harvesting. For robotic harvesting, in-field cotton segmentation with minimal errors is desirable which is a challengingtask. In the present study, three lightweight fully convolutional neural network models were developed for thesemantic segmentation of in-field cotton bolls. Model 1 does not include any residual or skip connections,while model 2 consists of residual connections to tackle the vanishing gradient problem and skip connectionsfor feature concatenation. Model 3 along with residual and skip connections, consists of filters of multiplesizes. The effects of filter size and the dropout rate were studied. All proposed models segment the cotton bollssuccessfully with the cotton-IoU (intersection-over-union) value of above 88.0%. The highest cotton-IoU of91.03% was achieved by model 2. The proposed models achieved F1-score and pixel accuracy values greaterthan 95.0% and 98.0%, respectively. The developed models were compared with existing state-of-the-art networks namely vGG19, ResNet18, EfficientNet-B1, and Inceptionv3. Despite having a limited number of trainableparameters, the proposed models achieved mean-IoU (mean intersection-over-union) of 93.84%, 94.15%, and94.65% against the mean-IoU values of 95.39%, 96.54%, 96.40%, and 96.37% obtained using state-of-the-art networks. The segmentation time for the developed models was reduced up to 52.0% compared to state-of-theart networks. The developed lightweight models segmented the in-field cotton bolls comparatively faster andwith greater accuracy. Hence, developed models can be deployed to cotton harvesting robots for real-time recognition of in-field cotton bolls for harvesting.

关键词： Cotton Semantic segmentation Convolutional neural network Robotic harvesting Image segmentation Deep learning

Image processing based real-time variable-rate chemical spraying system for disease control in paddy crop

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 21-30页

作者： v.k.tewari C.M.Pareek Gurdeep Lal L.k.Dhruw Naseeb Singh Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurWest Bengal 721302India Division of Agricultural Engineering ICAR Research Complex for NEH RegionUmiamMeghalaya 793103India

The agrochemical applicationwith conventional sprayers results inwastage of applied chemicals,which not only increases the economic losses but also pollutes the *** order to overcome these drawbacks,an image processing based real-time variable-rate chemical spraying systemwas developed for the precise application of agrochemicals in diseased paddy crop based on crop disease severity *** developed system comprised ofweb cameras for image acquisition,laptop for image processing,microcontroller for controlling the system functioning,and solenoid valve assisted spraying *** chromatic aberration(CA)based image segmentation method was used to detect the diseased region of paddy *** system further calculated the disease severity level of paddy plants,based onwhich the solenoid valves remained on for a specific timeduration so that the required amount of agrochemical could be sprayed on the diseased paddy *** performance of developed sprayer prototype was evaluated in the variable-rate application(vRA)and constant-rate application(CRA)*** field testing results showed a minimum 33.88%reduction in applied chemical while operating in the vRA mode as compared with the CRA ***,the developed systemappears promising and could be used extensively to reduce the cost of pest management as well as to control environmental pollution due to such agrochemicals.

关键词： variable-rate chemical application Spraying Image processing Microcontroller Plant disease severity

Image processing algorithms for in-field cotton boll detection in natural lighting conditions

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2021年第1期5卷 142-156页

作者： Naseeb Singh v.k.tewari P.k.Biswas C.M.Pareek L.k.Dhruwa Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering IIT KharagpurKharagpur 721302India Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering IIT KharagpurKharagpur 721302India

In developing countries,the cotton harvesting operation is currently being performed *** to the monotonous nature of this task and the involvement of a considerable amount of labor,this operation becomes very tedious and *** harvesting robots can be a good alternative for the selective picking of cotton bolls from the *** this study,an attempt has been made to develop the image processing algorithms for in-field cotton boll detection in natural lighting conditions for the cotton harvesting *** image processing algorithms namely color difference,band ratio,YCbCr method,and chromatic aberration were proposed for the real-time segmentation of cotton bolls under natural outdoor light *** performance of developed image processing algorithms was evaluated and the experimental results revealed that the chromatic aberration method outperforms as compared to other developed *** chromatic aberration method showed the highest identification rate of 91.05%with false positive and false negative rates of 6.99%and 4.88%respectively,among all the proposed *** highest sensitivity and specificitywere found to be 81.31%and 97.53%,respectively,using the chromatic aberration ***,the chromatic aberration approach demonstrated a very promising performance for in-field cotton bolls detection under natural lighting conditions which confirms its applicability for the robotic cotton harvesters.

关键词： Cotton recognition Image segmentation Color models Color thresholding

A fuzzy logic algorithm derived mechatronic concept prototype for crop damage avoidance during eco-friendly eradication of intra-row weeds

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 116-126页

作者： Satya Prakash kumar v.k.tewari Abhilash k.Chandel C.R.Mehta Brajesh Nare C.R.Chethan kaustubh Mundhada Prateek Shrivastava Chanchal Gupta Smrutilipi Hota Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR) Central Institute of Agricultural EngineeringBhopalIndia Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302India Biological Systems Engineering Washington State UniversityPullman 99164WAUSA ICAR-Central Potato Research Station Jalandhar 144026India ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India

Crop damage during the intra-row weed eradiation is one of the biggest challenges in intercultural agricultural *** available mechanical systems provide effective weeding but result in excess crop *** the other hand,chemical based systems have been raising serious environmental and food *** study presents development of a cost-effectivemechatronic prototype for intra-rowweeding *** primary focus was on incurring minimal crop *** system integrates time of flight and inductive sensing into fuzzy logic algorithm for electronic control of a four-bar linkage mechanism(FBLM).The crank of FBLM was connected to the vertical rotary weed control shaft with weeding *** crop sensing triggers the electronic control to laterally shift the control shaft away from crop,proportional to the forward speed and soil *** developed algorithm incorporates varied conditions of soil,forward speed,and plant spacing to calculate dynamic lateral shift speed(SRPM).The prototype was evaluated to determine the relationships between the operating conditions and electronic control ***,the plant damage was assessed under varied conditions of plant spacing,forward speeds,soil cone index,operational depth and electronic control *** derived SRPM was established as the ultimate governing factor for avoiding crop damage that varied significantlywith electronic response time and soil strength(Pvaluation of the developed prototype showed a significant potential of this system for effective control on weeds(>65%)and crop damage(<25%).

关键词： Intra-row weed control Mechatronic prototype Fuzzy logic algorithm Plant damage Weeding efficiency

Emission colour tuning in kLnF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)phosphor

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 57-65,I0002页

作者： Janani k Gayathri E vijayatha v Ramasubramanian S Thiyagarajan P Department of Science and Humanities Nehru Institute of TechnologyKaliapuramThirumalayampalayamCoimbatoreIndia Department of Sciences Amrita School of Physical SciencesAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia Department of Physics Anna UniversityChennaiIndia

kLnF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)(Ln=Y,Yb,Gd)phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction *** each of the Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)and Yb^(3+)/Ho^(3+)co-doped phosphors independently,phase confirmation and morphological examination were accomplished using the X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscope analysis.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows the charge state and existence of lanthanides and *** luminescence emissions of green and red colour were detected for the synthesized *** changes in the upconverted emission intensities and colour output pertaining to the change of the lanthanide host matrix along with dopants were investigated for the prepared *** the upconversion luminescence,erbium-doped samples exhibit a predominance of red emission while holmium-doped samples display a prevalence of green *** rare-earth Er/Ho doped kYbF4shows strong red emission compared to other ***_(4):Yb,Er/Ho exhibits relatively significant green upconve rsion emissions,while Yb,Er-doped kGdF_(4)host displays a 10-fold increase in green/red emission ratio with an increase in the input power of 20-780 *** photoluminescence studies and decay curve analysis were carried out using Uv light excitation for the developed phosphors.A higher lifetime of 2.2 ms was measured for the downshifting red emission in the Ho doped kYbF_(4)*** study suggests a potential for colour tunability in the upconversion and downshifting emissions through host modifications to the fluoride phosphor.

关键词： Rare earths Energy transfer upconversion Downshifting Colour coordinates

Effect of Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles on bioactivity,composition,structure,in vitro and in vivo behavior of PEO coatings on Mg-alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2360-2379页

作者： D.v.Mashtalyar I.M.Imshinetskiy v.v.kashepa k.v.Nadaraia M.A.Piatkova A.I.Pleshkova k.A.Fomenko A.Yu.Ustinov S.L.Sinebryukhov S.v.Gnedenkov Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of SciencesVladivostok690022Russia Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok690950Russia Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary Vladivostok690033Russia

The present study investigates the physical and chemical characteristics,behavior in vitro and in vivo,and biocompatibility of coatings containing Ta_(2)O_(5),which are obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)on MA8 magnesium *** obtained coatings demonstrate in vivo biocompatibility and in vitro *** to the base PEO coating,the layers containing Ta_(2)O_(5)facilitate the development of apatite in simulated body fluid,suggesting that the inclusion of nanoparticles improves bioactivity of the *** was found that incorporation of Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles increases roughness and porosity of the formed layers by increasing particle concentration in electrolytes for the PEO process contributing to sufficient soft tissue ingrowth in *** on in vivo studies,these coatings also provide favorable tissue response and minimal inflammatory reaction in comparison with the bare magnesium alloy due to protection of living tissues from deleterious corrosion events of magnesium implant such as local alkalization and intense hydrogen *** results obtained in the present study concluded biocompatibility,tissue integration of the PEO coatings containing Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles making them a promising protective layer for biodegradable magnesium implants.

关键词： Plasma electrolytic oxidation Bioactive coatings Tantalum pentoxide Simulated body fluid(SBF) Apatite formation Histology

Liquid injectivity in a SAG foam process:Effect of permeability

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 302-314页

作者： Jia-kun Gong Yuan Wang Ridhwan-Zhafri B.kamarul Bahrim Raj-Deo tewari Mohammad-Iqbal Mahamad Amir Rouhi Farajzadeh William Rossen College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai UniversityNanjing210098JiangsuChina College of Water Conservancy&Hydropower Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098JiangsuChina PETRONAS Kuala Lumpur50088Malaysia Department of Geoscience and Engineering Delft University of Technology2628 CNDelftthe Netherlands Shell Global Solutions International B.v. 1031 HWAmsterdamthe Netherlands

Foam is utilized in enhanced oil recovery and CO_(2) ***-alternating-gas(SAG)is a preferred approach for placing foam into reservoirs,due to it enhances gas injection and minimizes corrosion in *** previous studies with similar permeability cores show that during SAG injection,several banks occupy the area near the well where fluid exhibits distinct ***,underground reservoirs are heterogeneous,often *** is crucial to understand the effect of permeability on fluid behaviour and injectivity in a SAG *** this work,coreflood experiments are conducted in cores with permeabilities ranging from 16 to 2300 *** observe the same sequence of banks in cores with different ***,the speed at which banks propagate and their overall mobility can vary depending on *** higher permeabilities,the gas-dissolution bank and the forced-imbibition bank progress more rapidly during liquid *** total mobilities of both banks decrease with *** utilizing a bank-propagation model,we scale up our experimental findings and compare them to results obtained using the Peaceman *** findings reveal that the liquid injectivity in a SAG foam process is misestimated by conventional simulators based on the Peaceman *** lower the formation permeability,the greater the error.

关键词： Foam Enhanced oil recovery Surfactant-alternating-gas Injectivity Permeability