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Juvenile survival curves in a solitary ground squirrel with a prolonged hibernation:effects of individual characteristics,environment,and maternal investment

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 13-23页

作者： Nina A.vasilieva Liudmila E Savinetskaya Andrey v.Tchabovsky A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119071Russia

Juvenile survival is a key life-history influence on population dynamics and adaptive *** analyzed the effects of individual chara-cteristics,early environment,and maternal investment on juvenile survival in a large solitary hibernating rodent-yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus using Cox mixed-effects *** 48%of weaned pups survived to dispersal and 17%survived to *** life expectancy was primarily determined by individual characteristics and,to a lesser extent,by the early *** strongest and pos-itive predictor of juvenile survival was body mass which crucially affected mortality immediately after *** suffered higher mortality than females after the onset of dispersal;however,the overall difference between sexes was partly masked by high rates of mortality in the first days after emergence in both *** emerged juveniles had lower life expectancy than the earliest *** overall effect of local juvenile density was *** lactation did not enhance juvenile survival:Pups nursed longer survived shorter than the young nursed for a shorter *** findings support the hypothesis that females of *** cannot effectively regulate maternal expenditures to mitigate the effects of unfavorable conditions on their *** strategy to deal with seasonal time constraints on life history in female *** suggests an early termination of maternal care at the cost of juvenile quality and *** female reproductive strategy corresponds to a"fast-solitary"life of folivorous desert-dwelling *** and other solitary ground squirrels with prolonged hibernation.

关键词： early-life conditions ground squirrels hibernation juvenile mortality maternal investment survival curves

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Use of an immunocapture device to detect cytokine release in discrete brain regions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 703-704页

作者： Matthew G.Frank Michael v.Baratta Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA(Frank MG)Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA(Baratta MV)

Production of proinflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system is a key process in the neuroinflammatory response to trauma,infection,and neurodegenerative diseases(Kumar,2019).These intercellular signaling molecules play multiple roles in the immune response in the central nervous system including the orchestration of the sickness response to innate immune perturbations in the brain(Dantzer et al.,2008).

关键词： system release innate

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Biomaterial engineering strategies for modeling the Bruch's membrane in age-related macular degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2626-2636页

作者： Blanca Molins Andrea Rodríguez víctor Llorenç Alfredo Adán Group of Ocular Inflammation:Clinical and Experimental Studies Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques AgustíPi I Sunyer(IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia(ICOF) Hospital Clínic BarcelonaSpain

Age-related macular degeneration,a multifactorial inflammatory degenerative retinal disease,ranks as the leading cause of blindness in the ***,there is a scarcity of curative therapies,especially for the atrophic advanced form of age-related macular degeneration,likely due to the lack of models able to fully recapitulate the native structure of the outer blood retinal barrier,the prime to rget tissue of age-related macular *** in vitro systems rely on 2D monocultures unable to adequately reproduce the structure and function of the outer blood retinal barrier,integrated by the dynamic interaction of the retinal pigment epithelium,the Bruch's membrane,and the underlying *** Bruch's membrane provides structu ral and mechanical support and regulates the molecular trafficking in the outer blood retinal barrier,and therefo re adequate Bruch's membrane-mimics are key for the development of physiologically relevant models of the outer blood retinal barrie *** the last years,advances in the field of biomaterial engineering have provided novel approaches to mimic the Bruch's membrane from a variety of *** review provides a discussion of the integrated properties and function of outer blood retinal barrier components in healt hy and age-related macular degeneration status to understand the requirements to adequately fabricate Bruch's membrane biomimetic ***,we discuss novel materials and techniques to fabricate Bruch's membrane-like scaffolds for age-related macular degeneration in vitro modeling,discussing their advantages and challenges with a special focus on the potential of Bruch's membrane-like mimics based on decellularized tissue.

关键词： age-related macular degeneration Bruch's membrane decellularization retinal pigment epithelium scaffold

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Millimetric devices for nerve stimulation:a promising path towards miniaturization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1702-1706页

作者： Ryan M.Dorrian Anna v.Leonard Antonio Lauto Spinal Cord Injury Research Group School of BiomedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia

Nerve stimulation is a rapidly developing field,demonstrating positive outcomes across several *** potential benefits,current nerve stimulation devices are large,complicated,and are powered via implanted pulse *** facto rs necessitate invasive surgical implantation and limit potential *** nerve stimulation devices to millimetric sizes would make these interventions less invasive and facilitate broader therapeutic ***,device miniaturization presents a serious engineering *** review presents significant advancements from several groups that have overcome this challenge and developed millimetricsized nerve stimulation *** are based on antennas,mini-coils,magneto-electric and optoelectronic materials,or receive ultrasound *** highlight key design elements,findings from pilot studies,and present several considerations for future applications of these devices.

关键词： biomedical engineering deep brain stimulation electrical engineering electrical stimulation neuromodulation peripheral nerve stimulation

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Tensor force impact on shell evolution in neutron-rich Si and Ni isotopes

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 95-106页

作者： S.v.Sidorov A.S.Kornilova T.Yu.Tretyakova Faculty of Physics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia

The influence of the tensor interaction of nucleons on the characteristics of neutron-rich silicon and nickel isotopes was studied in this *** forces are considered within the framework of the Hartree-Fock approach with the Skyrme *** addition of a tensor component of interaction is shown to improve the description of the splittings between different single-particle states and decrease nucleon-nucleon pairing correlations in silicon and nickel *** attention was directed toward the role of isovector tensor forces relevant to the interaction of like nucleons.

关键词： nuclear shell model tensor interaction silicon isotopes nickel isotopes

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Leading directions and effective distance of larch offspring dispersal at the upper treeline in the Northern and Polar Urals, Russia

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 603-617页

作者： P.A.Moiseev v.L.Semerikov T.v.Semerikova D.S.Balakin I.B.vorobiev S.O.viuykhin Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesEkaterinburg620144Russia Center for Genetics and Life Science Sirius University of Science and Technology354340SochiRussia

Climate has changed sufficiently over the last 150 years and forced out upper treeline advance at the most studied sites around the *** rate of advance has been extremely variable–from tens to hundreds meters in *** is because the degree at which tree frontal populations respond to climate change depends on the complex interaction of biological and physical *** resulting stand pattern is the consequence of the interaction between dispersal and survival functions.A few publications have addressed the question of how this pattern is *** order to understand how the spatial structure of tree stands was formed at the upper limit of their distribution in the Ural Mountains,we assessed the distance and direction of dispersal of offspring from maternal *** found that in frontal Larix sibirica ***,‘effective’dispersal of offspring ranges from 3 to 758 m(with a median of 20–33 m in open forest and 219 m in single-tree tundra in the Polar Urals and 107 m in open forest in the Northern Urals).We revealed that most of the offspring effectively dispersed not only in the direction of the prevailing winds,but also in the opposite direction up the slope,and the distance can reach 500–760 *** data obtained can be used to develop an individual-based model which is capable of simulating in detail the dynamics of tree stands at the upper limit of their growth and reliably predicting the future position and pattern of treeline ecotone as growth conditions continue to improve in the face of observed climate change.

关键词： Effective dispersal distance Upper treeline Parentage analysis Age estimation Terrestrial laser scanning Larix sibirica Ural mountains

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Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated L-mode plasma on the T-10 tokamak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 52-60页

作者： v.A.KRUPIN M.R.NURGALIEv A.R.NEMETS I.A.ZEMTSOv S.D.SUNTSOv T.B.MYALTON D.S.SERGEEv N.A.SOLOvEv D.v.SARYCHEv D.v.RYJAKOv S.N.TUGARINOv N.N.NAUMENKO National Research Centre“Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123182Russia Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow 105005Russia Institution“Project Center ITER” Moscow 123098Russia JSC“SOLAR” Minsk 220034Belarus

Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) in second-harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat conductivity shows that in ECRH plasmas the calculated ion temperature could be overestimated, so an increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two scans are presented: over the EC resonance position and over the ECRH power. The EC resonance position varies from the high-field side to the low-field side by variation of the toroidal magnetic field. The scan over the heating power is presented with on-axis and mixed ECRH regimes. Discharges with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained in all considered regimes. In these discharges the power balance ion heat conductivity exceeds the neoclassical level by up to 10 times. The high ion heat transport regimes are distinguished by three parameters: the ratio Te/Ti, the normalized electron density gradient R/■, and the ion–ion collisionality νii~*. The combination of high Te/Ti, high νii~*, and R/■=6-10 results in values of normalized anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 times higher than in the low transport scenario.

关键词： tokamak L-mode electron cyclotron resonance heating ion heat transport

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Analysis of natural vibration of truncated conical shells partially filled with fluid

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International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics 2024年第2期4卷 142-152页

作者： Sergey A.Bochkarev Sergey v.Lekomtsev Laboratory of Functional Materials Institute of Continuous Media MechanicsUral Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesPermRussian Federation

In this paper,we study the vibrational behavior of shells in the form of truncated cones containing an ideal compressible *** sloshing effect on the free surface of the fluid is *** dynamic behavior of the elastic structure is investigated based on the classical shell theory,the constitutive relations of which represent a system of ordinary differential equations written for new *** fluid vibrations are described in terms of acoustic approximation using the wave equation for hydrodynamic pressure written in spherical *** transformation into the system of ordinary differential equations is carried out by applying the generalized differential quadrature *** formulated boundary value problem is solved by Godunov's orthogonal sweep *** frequencies of shell vibrations are calculated using the stepwise procedure and the Muller *** accuracy and reliability of the obtained results are estimated by making a comparison with the known numerical and analytical *** dependencies of the lowest frequency on the fluid level and cone angle of shells under different combinations of boundary conditions(simply supported,rigidly clamped,and cantilevered shells)have been studied *** conical straight and inverted shells,a numerical analysis has been performed to estimate the possibility of finding configurations at which the lowest natural frequencies exceed the corresponding values of the equivalent cylindrical shell.

关键词： classical shell theory conical shell Godunov's orthogonal sweep method ideal compressible fluid generalized differential quadrature method natural vibrations

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Hepatolithiasis:Epidemiology,presentation,classification and management of a complex disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第13期30卷 1836-1850页

作者： Rodrigo v.Motta Francesca Saffioti vasileios K Mavroeidis Translational Gastroenterology and Liver Unit Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health and Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit Royal Free Hospital and University College LondonLondon NW32QGUnited Kingdom Department of HPB Surgery Bristol Royal InfirmaryUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristol BS28HWUnited Kingdom Department of Transplant Surgery North Bristol NHS TrustSouthmead HospitalBristol BS105NBUnited Kingdom Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery North Bristol NHS TrustSouthmead HospitalBristol BS105NBUnited Kingdom

The term hepatolithiasis describes the presence of biliary stones within the intrahepatic bile ducts,above the hilar confluence of the hepatic *** disease is more prevalent in Asia,mainly owing to socioeconomic and dietary factors,as well as the prevalence of biliary *** the last century,owing to migration,its global incidence has *** main pathophysiological mechanisms involve cholangitis,bile infection and biliary strictures,creating a self-sustaining cycle that perpetuates the disease,frequently characterised by recurrent episodes of bacterial infection referred to as syndrome of“recurrent pyogenic cholangitis”.Furthermore,long-standing hepatolithiasis is a known risk factor for development of intrahepatic *** classifications have aimed at providing useful insight of clinically relevant aspects and guidance for *** management of symptomatic patients and those with complications can be complex,and relies upon a multidisciplinary team of hepatologists,endoscopists,interventional radiologists and hepatobiliary surgeons,with the main goal being to offer relief from the clinical presentations and prevent the development of more serious *** comprehensive review provides insight on various aspects of hepatolithiasis,with a focus on epidemiology,new evidence on pathophysiology,most important clinical aspects,different classification systems and contemporary management.

关键词： Cholelithiasis Intrahepatic stones Cholangiocarcinoma Biliary parasites Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis Oriental cholangiohepatitis Hepatectomy Cholangioscopy Liver transplant Paediatric

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Classification of Rings Associated with the Genus of Clean Graphs

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Algebra Colloquium 2024年第3期31卷 451-466页

作者： v.Ramanathan C.Selvaraj Aaqib Altaf S.Pirzada Department of Mathematics Periyar UniversitySalem 636011Tamil NaduIndi Department of Mathematics University of KashmirHazratbalSrinagarKashmirIndia

Let R be a ring(not necessarily commutative)with identity 1 and let CL(R)be its clean *** this paper,we investigate the genus number of the compact Riemann surface in which CL(R)can be embedded and explicitly determine all commutative rings R(up to isomorphism)such that CL(R)has genus at most *** is shown that for any Artinian ring R,CL(R)is a projective graph if and only if R is isomorphic to ***,we determine all isomorphism classes of commutative rings whose clean graphs have crosscap two.

关键词： clean graph commutative ring planar graph genus crosscap

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