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Cortical hem signaling center: functions, development, and potential implications for evolution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： victor v.Chizhikov Igor Y.Iskusnykh Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Development of the telencephalon relies upon several signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic development at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our knowledge about the developmental roles of the cortical hem is derived from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces several types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the development of the hippocampus,which is involved in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behavior and higher cognitive functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-valle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

Stepping up after spinal cord injury:negotiating an obstacle during walking

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1919-1929页

作者： Alain Frigon Charly g.Lecomte Department of Pharmacology-Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversitéde SherbrookeCentre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada

Every day walking consists of frequent voluntary modifications in the gait pattern to negotiate *** spinal cord injury,stepping over an obstacle becomes *** over an obstacle requires sensorimotor transformations in several structures of the brain,including the parietal cortex,premotor cortex,and motor *** information and planning are transformed into motor commands,which are sent from the motor cortex to spinal neuronal circuits to alter limb trajectory,coordinate the limbs,and maintain *** spinal cord injury,bidirectional communication between the brain and spinal cord is disrupted and animals,including humans,fail to voluntarily modify limb trajectory to step over an ***,in this review,we discuss the neuromechanical control of stepping over an obstacle,why it fails after spinal cord injury,and how it recovers to a certain extent.

关键词： biomechanics locomotion neurophysiology obstacle negotiation spinal cord injury

Projective Hilbert modules and sequential approximations

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Science China Mathematics 2025年第1期 137-168页

作者： Lawrence g.Brown Huaxin Lin Department of Mathematics Purdue University Department of Mathematics East China Normal University Department of Mathematics University of Oregon Shanghai Institute for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences

We show that when A is a separable C*-algebra,every countably generated Hilbert A-module is projective（with bounded module maps as morphisms）.We also study the approximate extensions of bounded module *** the case where A is a σ-unital simple C*-algebra with strict comparison,and every strictly positive lower semicontinuous affine function on quasitraces can be realized as the rank of an element in the Cuntz semigroup,we show that the Cuntz semigroup is equivalent to unitarily equivalent classes of countably generated Hilbert A-modules if and only if A has stable rank one.

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Bioelectronic medicine in modulation of cortical spreading depolarization and beyond

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 481-482页

作者： Khaled Alok Timothy g.White Chunyan Li Department of Neurosurgery Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNYUSA Translational Brain Research Laboratory The Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchManhassetNYUSA

Bioelectronic interventions,specifically trigeminal nerve st imulat ion(TNS),have attracted considerable attention in conditions where cortical spreading depolarizations(CSDs)accompanied by compromised cerebral perfusion may exacerbate neurological *** pharmacological interventions have demonstrated initial potential in addressing CSDs,a standardized treatment approach has not yet been *** objective of this perspective is to explore emerging bioelectronic methodologies for addressing CSDs,particularly emphasizing TNS,and to underscore TNS’s capacity to enhance neurovascular coupling and cerebral perfusion.

关键词： cerebral perfusion electronic

Impact of Zika virus non-structural protein mutations on hippocampal damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2307-2308页

作者： Larissa M.g.Cassiano Roney S.Coimbra Neurogenômica/Imunopatologia Instituto RenéRachouFiocruzBelo HorizonteBrazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil

The Zika virus(ZIKv),a member of the Flaviviridae family,attracted worldwide attention for its connection to severe neurological effects,notably microcephaly in newborns,first reported during the 2015 epidemic in ***,its impact goes beyond fetal and neonatal abnormalities,also affecting the central nervous system(CNS)in both children and adults,leading to enduring cognitive and behavioral impairments.

关键词： damage fetal neonatal

Structure of low-head two-phase flow in flat nozzlesduring outflow of the liquid into rarefied medium

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航空动力学报 2011年第10期26卷 2188-2192页

作者： Kochenkov A g Tonkonog v g Kazan State Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev Kazan Russian Federation

Outcomes of experimental researches of the low-pressure adiabatic flow of the boiling liquid through two-dimensional Laval nozzles in a vacuum atmosphere were *** of critical conditions of flow were *** forms of a stream were investigated and their connection with crisis of flow was *** was established periodic non-stationary macrostructures of a stream which was stipulated by the rotational gear of origin of a vapor phase.

关键词： component low-head flow flow structure flat nozzle rarefied medium the mechanizm of vaporization mass flow rate

Novel reparation method for polymethyl methacrylate optical windows of aircrafts damaged by service environment

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第8期63卷 1585-1590页

作者： XIA Fei YANg Lei DAI Bing gAO gang YANg ZhenHuai CAO WenXin XU Liangge gENg FangJuan SONg ZiCheng ralchenko victor ZHU JiaQi Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing Ministry of EducationHarbin 150001China Center of Analysis Measurement Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China general Physics Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119991Russia

The optical properties of polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)with varying degrees of artificial scratches have been studied with the aim of reproducing the change of visibility of an aircraft’s PMMA optical windows after being damaged in their service environment.A novel maintenance method that can perfectly restore the optical property of PMMA has been identified and employed in the repair of the scratches that are formed on the surface of *** convenient and low-cost method entails polishing PMMA with different types of sandpaper to remove the scratches,and then spin-coating the repair solution in order to restore the optical properties of *** effect of this repair mechanism and parameters of the repair process were *** results indicated that the optical performance of PMMA is closely related to the mesh size of sandpaper,and improper parameter selection destroys the general effect of the *** the number of sandpaper mesh is low,the size of the abrasive particle is relatively larger,which can cause deeper friction marks on the surface of PMMA optical *** treatment using 5000 mesh sandpaper lowers surface roughness(R——a=0.566 nm),and optical transmittance in visible range can be restored to more than 88%.

关键词： polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) surface treatment optical property repair mechanism

Numerical 3D Model of viscous Turbulent Flow in One Stage gas Turbine and Its Experimental validation

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第2期14卷 136-141页

作者： Yu.v.STARODUBTSEv I.g.gOgOLEv v.g.SOLODOv National Technical University "KhADI" Ukraine Briansk State Technical University <BITM> RussiaNational Technical University "KhADI" Ukraine

The paper describes 3D numerical Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model and approximate sector approach for viscous turbulent flow through flow path of one stage axial supercharge gas turbine of marine diesel engine. Computational data are tested by comparison with experimental data. The back step flow path opening and tip clearance jet are taken into *** approach could be applied for variety of turbine theory and design tasks: for offer optimal design in order to minimize kinetic energy stage losses; for solution of partial supply problem; for analysis of flow pattern in near extraction stages; for estimation of rotational frequency variable forces on blades; for sector vane adjustment (with thin leading edges mainly), for direct flow modeling in the turbine etc. The development of this work could be seen in the direction of unsteady stage model application.

关键词： viscous turbulent flow one stage gas turbine tip leakage flow secondary flow.

Prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation restores the balance between A_(2A)R-and A_(1)R-mediated adenosine signaling in the 6-hydroxidopamine model of Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2053-2067页

作者： Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic Jelena Stanojevic Ivana Stevanovic Milica Ninkovic Tihomir v.Ilic Nadezda Nedeljkovic Milorad Dragic Laboratory for Neurobiology Department of General Physiology and BiophysicsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy University of DefenceBelgradeSerbia

An imbalance in adenosine-mediated signaling,particularly the increased A_(2A)R-mediated signaling,plays a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's *** therapeutic approaches fail to alter disease progression,demonstrating the need for novel approaches in *** transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive approach that has been shown to improve motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's ***,the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation remain *** purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which the beneficial effects of prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of experimental parkinsonism are based on modulation of adenosine-mediated *** with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation for 3 weeks and were tested for motor skills using the Rotarod ***,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and biochemical analysis of components of adenosine-mediated signaling were performed on the synaptosomal fraction of the lesioned caudate *** intermittent theta burst stimulation improved motor symptoms in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals.A 6-hydroxydopamine lesion resulted in progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the caudate *** with intermittent theta burst stimulation began 7 days after the lesion,coinciding with the onset of motor *** treatment with prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation,complete motor recovery was *** improvement was accompanied by downregulation of the e N/CD73-A_(2A)R pathway and a return to physiological levels of A_(1)R-adenosine deaminase 1 after 3 weeks of intermittent theta burst *** results demonstrated that 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration reduced the expression of A_(1)R and elevated the expression of A_(2A)***

关键词： A_(1)R A_(2A)R adenosine receptors adenosine ecto-5′-nucleotidase intermittent theta burst stimulation non-invasive brain stimulation Parkinson's disease purinergic signalling