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Current knowledge on the laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第9期23卷 1552-1567页

作者： Adrián Martínez-Meléndez Adrián Camacho-Ortiz Rayo Morfin-Otero Héctor Jesús Maldonado-Garza Licet villarreal-Trevino Elvira Garza-González Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León.Pedro de Alba S/NCiudad UniversitariaSan Nicolás de los Garza Servicio de Infectología Hospital Universitario“Dr.JoséEleuterio González”Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León.Av.Francisco I.Madero Pte.S/NCol.Mitras Centro.Monterrey Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”e Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y ExperimentalCentro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidadde Guadalajara.Sierra Mojada 950Col.Independencia Servicio de Gastroenterología Hospital Universitario“Dr.JoséEleuterio González”Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León.Av.Francisco I.Madero Pte.S/NCol.Mitras Centro.Monterrey

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a spore-forming, toxin-producing, gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that is the principal etiologic agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Infection with C. difficile (CDI) is characterized by diarrhea in clinical syndromes that vary from selflimited to mild or severe. Since its initial recognition as the causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis, C. difficile has spread around the world. CDI is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among older adult hospitalized patients. Due to extensive antibiotic usage, the number of CDIs has increased. Diagnosis of CDI is often difficult and has a substantial impact on the management of patients with the disease, mainly with regards to antibiotic management. The diagnosis of CDI is primarily based on the clinical signs and symptoms and is only confirmed by laboratory testing. Despite the high burden of CDI and the increasing interest in the disease, episodes of CDI are often misdiagnosed. The reasons for misdiagnosis are the lack of clinical suspicion or the use of inappropriate tests. The proper diagnosis of CDI reduces transmission, prevents inadequate or unnecessary treatments, and assures best antibiotic treatment. We review the options for the laboratory diagnosis of CDI within the settings of the most accepted guidelines for CDI diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CDI.

关键词： Clostridium difficile Toxigenic culture Nucleic acid amplification tests Enzyme immunoassay Diagnosis Glutamate dehydrogenase

Filter Efficiency with Red Rock as Post-Treatment of Stabilization Pond Effluent, Prototype Case Study San Marcos, Carazo, from April to September 2019

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第5期12卷 806-817页

作者： v.ctor Rogelio Tirado Picado American University (UAM) Managua Nicaragua

An experimental unit was built which was located in the vicinity of the domestic wastewater treatment plant of the Municipality of San Marcos in the Department of Carazo. Said unit consisted of two welded metal barrels with a total height of 1.8 m and a diameter of 0.90 m, likewise, this unit comprised three functional zones;the first or input area composed of a collection unit, a driving unit, a flow control unit, and two distribution units;the second or packed zone, which is the axis of the system because it is there where bacterial growth takes place and where the removal of organic matter takes place;and an outlet composed of PvC pipe [1]. The main objective of this work was to determine how efficient a rocky filter turns out to be, using stabilization pond effluent as a post-treatment unit using red concrete as a filter medium. The study consisted in carrying out laboratory tests on water samples taken from the influent and effluent of a filter made up of red rock, as a filter medium, in order to determine the percentage of organic matter removal efficiency that it has used a hydraulic retention time of 19 hours, 15 hours, and 12 hours [2]. Among the aspects to be considered in the experimental study was the characterization of the effluent from the treatment system of San Marco, Carazo, to determine the quality of water that will be of interest to the study [3]. In this stage, four composite samplings were carried out, two of 12 hours and two of 24 hours, in which physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were analyzed. Likewise, to determine the efficiency of the filter, the same parameters considered in the characterization of the lagoon effluent were analyzed, obtaining removal efficiencies of up to 55.53% in organic matter, and 64.60% in suspended solids for a hydraulic retention time of 19 hours;In the same way, the efficiency of the filter was carried out for retention times of 15 hours and 12 hours, in which organic matter removals of 67.84% an

关键词： Design Filter Flow Flocs Transport Water Quality

Multielemental Microanalysis in Root and Leaves, Growth and Biomass in Tomato Seedling in Response to Ca Levels and Induction of Stress: Non-Destructive Spectroscopy

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2021年第6期11卷 672-683页

作者： Omar A. Pérez-Dueñas Fanny Hernández-Mendoza v.ctor García-Gaytán Soledad García-Morales EI Colegio de Michoacán (LADiPA) La Piedad Michoacán Mexico Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo Texcoco Estado de México México Biotecnología vegetal CONACYT-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Dise&#241 o del Estado de Jalisco México

Tomatoes are one of the main vegetables in the food industry that are consumed fresh and processed. A multi-element microanalysis was performed with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), to see changes in nutrient concentration in roots and leaves, as well as fresh and dry biomass in tomato seedlings. Exposed in nutrient solution (NS) with different levels of Ca (control, 25, 50 and 100 mM). The root was put in also to H2O2 for 8 hours to observe the changes that occurred. It was observed that NS with 100 mM Ca in fresh stem biomass and fresh leaf biomass increased by 25% and 38% compared to the control. It was observed that the NS with 100 and 50 mM of Ca, the content of Ca and Cl in foliar tissue increased by 34.50% and 13.15% compared to the control. Treatment with H2O2 and with 25 and 100 mM of Ca at NS increased the height of the seedling and fresh leaf bio-mass by 19.75% and 60.80% compared to the control. The treatment with H2O2 and with the different levels of Ca in the NS increased the content of C, P, K, Ca and Cl in the leaf tissue. Only S was significant for the control. Treatment with H2O2 and 100 mM Ca in the NS increased Ca and Mg by 83.48% and 40.47% for the root compared to the control. The K and Cl in the root was higher in the control treatment by 47.61% and 55% respect to the highest level of Ca. It is concluded that multielemental microanalysis is a powerful, non-destructive, fast and accurate tool for the determination of plant nutrients. Also, it is applicable for the areas like horticulture, physiology and agronomy.

关键词： Microanalysis Nutrient Solution Calcium Root Leaves Stem

Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for gallstone disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第11期11卷 1653-1657页

作者： Nahum Méndez-Sánchez Norberto C. Chavez-Tapia Daniel Motola-Kuba Karla Sanchez-Lara Guadalupe Ponciano-Rodríguez Héctor Baptista Martha H. Ramos Misael Uribe Departments of Biomedical Research and Gastroenterology and Liver Unit

AIM: To establish an association between the presence of metabolic syndrome and the development of gallstone disease. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study in a check-up unit in a university hospital in Mexico City. We enrolled 245 subjects, comprising 65 subjects with gallstones (36 women, 29 men) and 180 controls (79 women and 101 men without gallstones). Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma insulin, and serum lipids and lipoproteins levels were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment. Unconditional logistic regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) was used to calculate the risk of gallstone disease associated with the presence of at least three of the criteria (Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ). Analyses were adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: Among 245 subjects, metabolic syndrome was present in 40% of gallstone disease subjects, compared with 17.2% of the controls, adjusted by age and gender (odds ratio (OR) = 2.79; 95%CI, 1.46-5.33; P= 0.002), a dose-dependent effect was observed with each component of metabolic syndrome (OR=2.36, 95%CI, 0.72-7.71; P= 0.16 with one component and OR = 5.54, 95%CI, 1.35-22.74; P = 0.02 with four components of metabolic syndrome). Homeostasis model assessment was significantly associated with gallstone disease (adjusted OR = 2.25; 95%CI, 1.08-4.69; P= 0.03). CONCLUSION: We conclude that as for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, gallstone disease appears to be strongly associated with metabolic syndrome.

关键词： Obesity Metabolic syndrome Gallstones Insulin resistance

Effect of the interfacial electric field on the HER on Pt(111)modified with iron adatoms in alkaline media

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第11期43卷 2826-2836页

作者： Francisco J.Sarabia v.ctor Climent Juan M.Feliu Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica Universidad de AlicanteCarretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/nE-03690 San Vicente del RaspeigAlicanteSpain

The study of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)aimed to reach a deeper understanding of the parameters that control the rate of this reaction is of great importance given the technical relevance of hydrogen production as an energy v.ctor in the so-called hydrogen *** previous works,laser-induced temperature jump(LITJ)experiments on Pt(111)modified with Ni(OH)_(2)in alkaline media have revealed the importance of the interfacial electric field in the rate of the *** was hypothesised that small amounts of Ni(OH)_(2)cause a decrease of the electric field because of a negative shift of the pzfc toward the onset of the hydrogen *** this work,to test the validity of this hypothesis,the study has been extended to Pt(111)surfaces modified with Fe(OH)_(2).The modified surfaces have been studied voltammetrically,and the voltammetric charges have been *** voltammograms show a peak in the hydrogen evolution region that suggest the transformation in the adlayer from Fe(II)to Fe(0).In agreement with the coulometric analysis,the voltammetric features in the OH adsorption region would be related with the oxidation to the+3 valence *** results obtained with LITJ method reflect the existence of a strong interaction of the Fe oxophilic species with the water molecules,shifting the potential of maximum entropy away from the onset of the ***,the most catalytic surface is the one with the lowest Fe coverage.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction Iron adatoms Platinum single crystal Pt(111) Laser induced temperature jump Interfacial electric field Potential of zero charge

Non-Linear Effects in Optical Systems by Lie Algebra and Symplectic Mapping

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Journal of Modern Physics 2022年第11期13卷 1314-1323页

作者： v.ctor M. Castañ o Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada/Secretaría de Desarrollo Institucional Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Queretaro México

The use of signals of different frequencies determines the geometrical deviation with respect to the optical axes of a given beam. This angle can be determined by Sympletic Map (SM), a powerful and simple mathematical tool for the characterization and construction of images in Geometrical Optics. The Sympletic Map constitutes a Lie Group, with an algebra associated: the Lie Algebra. In general, the SM can be expressed as an infinite series, where each term corresponds to different contributions produced by the optical devices that constitute the optical system (lenses, apertures, bandwidth cutoff, etc.). The level of correction to be performed on the image to recover the original object is clear and controllable by SM. This formalism can be extended easily to physical optics to describe diffraction and interference phenomena.

关键词： Symplectic Mapping Geometrical Optics Non-Linear Effects

Closed and Open Metabolic Cycles: Transition Time

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2016年第2期9卷 127-140页

作者： Antonio Sillero v.ctor García-Herrero Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM/CSIC Madrid Spain

A metabolic cycle can be viewed as a central core and its branches. The central core is here firstly considered as a pre-closed metabolic cycle (CMC), with a unique first substrate, but with no input or output of other components. By contrast, the metabolic cycles in nature are open metabolic cycles (OMC) with output and input of external substrates (through “metabolic branches”), modulating continuously the enzyme activities and the total concentration of their substrates thorough complex regulatory phenomena. In this work, the transition from a Closed to an Open metabolic cycle has been simulated by a consecutive entry and exit of two components through the catalytic action of two enzymes. It is known that after any alteration of the initial conditions, the cycles need a time to reach new equilibrium. We have measured the changes of transition time (T.T.) values in 81 models of CMC differing in Km or vmax values. In general, the T.T. tends to be shorter in cycles with preponderant lower Km and higher vmax values. Further, Mathematica refinement for the estimation of transition time from the data previously calculated can be obtained with the use of the command Interpolating Function.

关键词： Metabolic Cycles Equilibration Times Kinetic Constants Differential Equations Mathematica

Hydatidosis and the duodenum: A systematic review of the literature

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2020年第3期8卷 265-274页

作者： v.ctor de la Fuente-Aguilar Patricia Beneitez-Mascaraque Sergio Bergua-Arroyo María fernández-Riesgo Irene Camón-García Iris Cruza-Aguilera Kennia Ugarte-Yáñez JoséM Ramia Faculty of Medicine Universidad of AlcaláAlcaláde Henares 28801Spain Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo Hospital General Universitario de Alicante and Institute for Health and Biomedical Research(ISABIAL)Alicante 03010Spain

BACKGROUND Injury to the duodenum(fistula formation,compression,or other complications)by a hydatid cyst(HC)is an exceptional *** To perform a systematic review of the literature on the fistulization of HC in the *** Following PRISMA guidelines,a search for HC with duodenal involvement was carried out in the databases of PubMed,SCielo and EMBASE without time *** Fourteen patients were identified,seven men and seven women,with a mean age of 53.14 years(SD=17.65,range:28-78).Three out of the 14(21%)had HC *** most frequent clinical manifestations were abdominal pain and nausea and/or *** imaging studies were performed in almost all cases,the most commonly used being abdominal computed tomography(10/14,71%).A range of surgical techniques were reported,most frequently HC drainage(41%)and enucleations(16%).Ten of the 14 patients had no complications and one patient *** follow-up period and recurrences could not be *** The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain,nausea and *** tomography was the most used diagnostic imaging technique,and HC drainage and fistula closure via laparotomy was the most frequent ***,all diagnostic and therapeutic options for HC fistulizing the duodenum had a low level of evidence.

关键词： Echinococcosis Hydatidosis Duodenum Surgery Review

Pathological features and diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2014年第9期6卷 311-324页

作者： v.ctor M Castellano-Megías Carolina Ibarrola-de Andrés Guadalupe López-Alonso Francisco Colina-Ruizdelgado Department of Pathology Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada Department of Pathology Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre"

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN) of the pancreas is a noninvasive epithelial neoplasm of mucinproducing cells arising in the main duct(MD) and/or branch ducts(BD) of the *** ducts are dilated and filled with neoplastic papillae and mucus in variable *** lacks ovarian-type stroma,unlike mucinous cystic neoplasm,and is defined as a grossly visible entity(≥ 5 mm),unlike pancreatic intraepithelial *** the use of high-resolution imaging techniques,very small IPMNs are increasingly being *** IPMNs are solitary and located in the pancreatic head,although 20%-40% are *** classification in MD type,BD type and mixed or combined type reflects biological differences with important prognostic and preoperative clinical management *** on cytoarchitectural atypia,IPMN is classified into low-grade,intermediategrade and high-grade *** on histological features and mucin(MUC) immunophenotype,IPMNs are classified into gastric,intestinal,pancreatobiliary and oncocytic *** different phenotypes can be observed together,with the IPMN classified according to the predominant *** pathways have been suggested:gastric phenotype corresponds to less aggressive uncommitted cells(MUC1-,MUC2-,MUC5 AC +,MUC6 +) with the capacity to evolve to intestinal phenotype(intestinal pathway)(MUC1-,MUC2 +,MUC5 AC +,MUC6- or weak +) or pancreatobiliary /oncocytic phenotypes(pyloropancreatic pathway)(MUC1 +,MUC 2-,MUC5 AC +,MUC 6 +) becoming more *** of IPMN is excellent but critically worsens when invasive carcinoma arises(about 40% of IPMNs),except in some cases of minimal *** clinical challenge is to establish which IPMNs should be removed because of their higher risk of developing invasive *** resected,they must be extensively sampled or,much better,submitted in its entirety for microscopic study to completely rule out associated invasive carcinoma.

关键词： Mucinous pancreatic cysts Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Mucins