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Supplementation of vitamin E or a botanical extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and health of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral or heat-stressed conditions

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1101-1118页

作者： Ysenia v.Silva‑Guillen Consuelo Arellano Jeffrey Wiegert r.Dean Boyd Gabriela E.Martinez Eric van Heugten Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Statistics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Animal Nutrition research LLCAlvatonKY 42122USA.

Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic *** objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal health,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress *** Duplicate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,***(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplementation treatments(control diet;control+100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed).results Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplementation were detected(P>0.05).Serum vitamin E increased(Pvitamin E supplementation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical extract(1.64 vs.1.67 mg/kg)and was greater when supplemented in water ***(P=0.002).Liver vitamin E increased(Pvitamin E supplementations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical extract(3.9 vs.4.9 mg/kg).Serum malondialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,Preater(Pr antioxidant supplementation compared to *** proliferation was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum under heat stress,but increased in the ileum when vitamin E was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress(Pre

关键词： Botanical extract Growing pigs Heat stress Immune status Oxidative status Tocopherol Water

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Effect of proton irradiation on the optical properties of thermal control coating based on polystyrene with silica filler

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Propulsion and Power research 2024年第1期13卷 1-11页

作者： N.I.Cherkashina v.I.Pavlenko M.M.Mikhailov A.N.Lapin S.A.Yuriev r.v.Sidelnikov D.S.romanyuk Belgorod State Technological University named after v.G.Shoukhov Kostyukov Str.46Belgorod 308012Russia Tomsk State University of Control Systems and radioelectronics 40Prospect LeninaTomsk 634050Russia

This paper presents the results of studying the surface properties changes of a ther-moregulating coating based on polystyrene and silicaﬁller after proton irradiation with an en-ergy of 50 kev at afluence of 3�1015 cm�*** proton irradiation,the values of the contact angle of wetting with water increase by 3.5%and 14.9%for polystyrene and the coating,*** free surface energy(energy of the surface layer)of polystyrene and the coat-ings before and after proton irradiation was calculated using the Owens-Wendt-rabel-Kaelble *** was a signiﬁcant increase in the polarity of the polystyrene surface(gp increased by a factor of 2.2)after proton *** the coating,an increase in gp by a factor of 3.89 was observed after proton *** changes in the coating were presented by Ir Fourier spectroscopy.A slight decrease in the absorption intensity of all characteristic bands compared to the unirradiated sample was *** was found that the irradiation of the coating with protons led to the formation of macromolecules with hydroxyl,carbonyl,and carboxyl bonds,as well as the formation of dimeric and oligomeric siloxane *** was also found that after irradiation of a pure polystyrene sample with protons,the value of the solar absorption as increased by only 4.2%;whereas for the coating with silicaﬁller,the value of as increased by 28.6%.

关键词： Thermal control coating Proton irradiation Hydrophobicity Free surface energy radiation crosslinking

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The radcliffe Wave Parameters from Data on Open Star Clusters

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research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 106-109页

作者： v.v.Bobylev A.T.Bajkova Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory St-Petersburg 196140Russia

A spectral analysis of the vertical positions and velocities of 374 open star clusters(OSCs)was carried *** took these OSCs from the Hunt and reffert catalog;they have an average age of about 10 million years,and are located on the galactic plane XY in a narrow zone inclined by 25°to the galactic axis *** following estimates of the parameters of the radcliffe wave were obtained:(a)the maximum value in periodic perturbations of vertical coordinates Z_(max)=92±10pc with the wavelength of these perturbations λ_(z)=4.82±0.09 kpc;(b)the maximum value of the velocity of vertical disturbances Wmax=4.36±0.12km s^(-1) with disturbance wavelengthλ_(W)=1.78±0.02 *** that the results of the vertical velocity analysis are first-class in accuracy and completely new.

关键词： (Galaxy) local interstellar matter-Galaxy structure-(Galaxy) solar neighborhood

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Comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： Melissa A.Stephen Chris r.Burke Jennie E.Pryce Nicole M.Steele Peter r.Amer Susanne Meier Claire v.C.Phyn Dorian J.Garrick DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agriculture victoria research AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia AbacusBio DunedinNew Zealand

Background Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures,especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure *** include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status,or *** measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-,interval-and rightcensoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound *** we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGEP4),which generally coincides with onset of puberty,as an example *** We produced AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×Jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving,pasture-based herds in New *** used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios,increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three *** methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis;2)continuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes;and 3)continuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation *** Credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was *** sires with at least 5 daughters,the correlations between estimated breeding values(EBvs)from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to *** estimated breed effects also varied by method,but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring *** Our results indicate that using

关键词： Cattle Gibbs sampler Markov-chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) Puberty

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Experimental and numerical investigation on alternatives to sandy gravel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 130-141页

作者： v.Denefeld H.Aurich Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institut(EMI)Ernst-Zermelo-Str.479104FreiburgGermany Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institut(EMI)Am Christianswuhr 279400KandernGermany

The NATO agreement STANAG 4569 defines the protection levels for the occupants of logistic and light armored *** Allied Engineering Publication,AEP-55,volume 2 document outlines the test conditions for underbelly improvised explosive device(IEDs),which must be buried in water-saturated sandy *** use of sandy gravel has some drawbacks,for instance reproducibility,time consumption,and *** paper focuses on the investigation of four alternatives to sandy gravel,which could produce similar specific and cumulative impulses:a concrete pot filled with water,a concrete pot filled with quartz sand,a steel pot without filling and a concrete pot filled with glass spheres(diameter 200μm—300μm)and different water *** impulses are measured with a ring technology developed at the Fraunhofer EMI.A numerical soil model based on the work of Marrs,2014 and Fi serov a,2006 and considering the soil moisture was used to simulate the experiments with glass spheres at different water contents,showing much better agreement with the experiments than the classical Laine&Sandvik model,even for high saturation *** results can be used to create new test conditions at original scale that are more cost-effective,more reproducible and simpler to manage in comparison to the current tests carried out with STANAG sandy gravel.

关键词： Improvised explosive device(IED) Specific impulse Momentum transfer Sandy gravel Glass spheres Numerical model Soil moisture

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Effect of Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles on bioactivity,composition,structure,in vitro and in vivo behavior of PEO coatings on Mg-alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2360-2379页

作者： D.v.Mashtalyar I.M.Imshinetskiy v.v.Kashepa K.v.Nadaraia M.A.Piatkova A.I.Pleshkova K.A.Fomenko A.Yu.Ustinov S.L.Sinebryukhov S.v.Gnedenkov Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of SciencesVladivostok690022Russia Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok690950Russia regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary Vladivostok690033Russia

The present study investigates the physical and chemical characteristics,behavior in vitro and in vivo,and biocompatibility of coatings containing Ta_(2)O_(5),which are obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)on MA8 magnesium *** obtained coatings demonstrate in vivo biocompatibility and in vitro *** to the base PEO coating,the layers containing Ta_(2)O_(5)facilitate the development of apatite in simulated body fluid,suggesting that the inclusion of nanoparticles improves bioactivity of the *** was found that incorporation of Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles increases roughness and porosity of the formed layers by increasing particle concentration in electrolytes for the PEO process contributing to sufficient soft tissue ingrowth in *** on in vivo studies,these coatings also provide favorable tissue response and minimal inflammatory reaction in comparison with the bare magnesium alloy due to protection of living tissues from deleterious corrosion events of magnesium implant such as local alkalization and intense hydrogen *** results obtained in the present study concluded biocompatibility,tissue integration of the PEO coatings containing Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles making them a promising protective layer for biodegradable magnesium implants.

关键词： Plasma electrolytic oxidation Bioactive coatings Tantalum pentoxide Simulated body fluid(SBF) Apatite formation Histology

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Microstructure， electrochemical， wear and corrosive wear performance of laser-based powder bed fusion(lpbf) and wrought biomedical Ti-6Al-4v alloys

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年

作者： A.G.Lekatou B.v.Efremenko v.Haoui v.G.Efremenko S.Emmanouilidou v.I.Zurnadzhy I.Petryshynets Yu.G.Chabak I.I.Sili Laboratory of Applied Metallurgy， Department of Materials Science and Engineering， School of Engineering， University of Ioannina Institute of Materials Science and Computing， University research Center of Ioannina (UrCI) Pryazovskyi State Technical University， Department of Physics Institute of Materials research of Slovak Academy of Sciences

Wrought and laser powder bed fusion （LPBF） Ti-6Al-4v specimens were comparatively evaluated， with the objective to determine LPBF Ti-6-4’s suitability for biomedical applications. Testing included nanoindentation， cyclic polarization in simulated body fluid （SBF， 37 ℃ ）， and dry and SBF “Ball-on-Plate” sliding. Wrought Ti-6-4 exhibited a lamellar （α+β） microstructure， whereas LPBF displayed a fine-grained α'-martensite microstructure. LPBF Ti-6-4 demonstrated ～3% higher indentation modulus and ～32% higher hardness， while wrought Ti-6-4 showed ～8% higher plasticity. Both alloys exhibited low corrosion rates (10–5mA/cm2order) and true passivity (10–4mA/cm2order). No localized corrosion was observed in either alloy， except for occasional metastable pitting in the LPBF alloy. However， LPBF Ti-6-4 presented higher corrosion rate and passive current， ascribed to its martensitic structure. During dry sliding， LPBF Ti-6-4 exhibited ～14% lower volume loss compared to wrought Ti-6-4. Sliding in SBF increased volume losses for both alloys， with wear resistances nearly equalized， as the advantage of LPBF Ti-6-4 decreased due to more intensive wear-accelerated corrosion induced by the stressed martensite. Overall， the results demonstrate the suitability of LPBF Ti-6Al-4v for biomedical uses.

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Gradient-induced long-range optical pulling force based on photonic band gap

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 865-874页

作者： Wenlong Lu Alexey v.Krasavin Sheng Lan Anatoly v.Zayats Qiaofeng Dai Guangdong Basic research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and DevicesSchool of Information and Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology King’s College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUK

Optical pulling provides a new degree of freedom in optical *** is generally believed that long-range optical pulling forces cannot be generated by the gradient of the incident ***,we theoretically propose and numerically demonstrate the realization of a long-range optical pulling force stemming from a self-induced gradient field in the manipulated *** analogy to potential barriers in quantum tunnelling,we use a photonic band gap design in order to obtain the intensity gradients inside a manipulated object placed in a photonic crystal waveguide,thereby achieving a pulling *** the usual scattering-type optical pulling forces,the proposed gradient-field approach does not require precise elimination of the reflection from the manipulated *** particular,the Einstein-Laub formalism is applied to design this unconventional gradient *** magnitude of the force can be enhanced by a factor of up to 50 at the optical resonance of the manipulated object in the waveguide,making it insensitive to *** developed approach helps to break the limitation of scattering forces to obtain longrange optical pulling for manipulation and sorting of nanoparticles and other *** developed principle of using the band gap to obtain a pulling force may also be applied to other types of waves,such as acoustic or water waves,which are important for numerous applications.

关键词： optical waveguide scattering

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Pyrolysis technologies for biochar production in waste management:a review

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Clean Energy 2024年第4期8卷 61-78页

作者： Kavan Kumar v NLPanwar Department of renewable Energy Engineering College of Technology and EngineeringMPUATUdaipurRajasthan 313001India

Pyrolysis is a thermal conversion process in the absence of air to derive energy components from the ***-energy technologies will play a major role in addressing future challenges related to environmental safety and energy *** of the many easily available renewable energy sources is biomass-an organic material that is thought to be *** technology is a thermochemical process that can be used to produce useful products from biomass,such as biochar,bio-oil and combustible pyrolysis *** structure and relative product yield are impacted by the pyrolysis method *** article evaluates different approaches for biomass ***,slow and advanced pyrolysis methods using various pyrolyser reactors have been studied in the literature and are provided to increase the variety and use of these methods in upcoming studies and re*** pyrolysis can lead to increased ecological well-being,as it increases the amount of biochar produced using auger and rotary-kiln *** pyrolysis,mainly in fluidized-bed reactors with bubbling and rotating circulation,can be used to obtain *** pyrolysis methods offer a good probability of yielding great prosperity for specific *** selection of a pyrolysis process is based on the required output in terms of solid,liquid and gaseous fuels,and the parameter plays a crucial role in the pyrolysis performance.

关键词： biomass thermochemical process slow pyrolysis fast pyrolysis and advanced pyrolysis

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Unveiling the atomic-scale transition between light harvesting and photoprotective states in plant photosynthesis

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1375-1377页

作者： Alexander v.ruban School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK

Non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching(NPQ) stands as a cornerstone in the realm of photosynthesis research, attracting generations of dedicated scientists in their quest to unravel its mysteries. This mechanism, crucial for safeguarding photosynthesis, plays a pivotal role in regulating light harvesting, particularly in oxygenic photosynthesis where the oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII)is susceptible to photodamage [1].

关键词： harvesting protective attracting

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