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Intrusion Detection Using Ensemble Wrapper Filter Based Feature Selection with Stacking Model

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第1期35卷 645-659页

作者： D.Karthikeyan v.mohan raj J.Senthilkumar Y.Suresh Department of ECE KongunaduCollege of Engineering and TechnologyTrichy621215India Department of IT Sona College of TechnologySalem636005India

The number of attacks is growing tremendously in tandem with the growth of internet *** a result,protecting the private data from prying eyes has become a critical and tough *** intrusion detection solutions have been offered by researchers in order to decrease the effect of these *** attack detection,the prior system has created an SMSRPF(Stacking Model Significant Rule Power Factor)*** provide creative instance detection,the SMSRPF combines the detection of trained classifiers such as DT(Decision Tree)and RF(Random Forest).Nevertheless,it does not generate any accuratefindings that are *** suggested system has built an EWF(Ensemble Wrapper Filter)feature selection with SMSRPF classifier for attack detection so as to overcome this *** UNSW-NB15 dataset is used as an input in this proposed research ***,min–max normalization approach is used to pre-process the incoming *** feature selection is then carried out using *** on the selected features,SMSRPF classifiers are utilized to detect the *** SMSRPF is integrated with the trained classi-fiers such as DT and RF to create creative instance *** that,the testing data is classified using MCAR(Multi-Class Classification based on Association Rules).The SRPF judges the rules correctly even when the confidence and the lift measures *** accuracy,precision,recall,f-measure,computation time,and error,the experimental findings suggest that the new system outperforms the prior systems.

关键词： Intrusion detection system(IDS) ensemble wrapperfilter(EWF) stacking model with significant rule power factor(SMSRPF) classifier

Semantic Segmentation of Lumbar vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on Spine Magnetic Resonance Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lakshmi S v v Shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam Sunil Retmin raj Cyril Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation *** work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar Spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DSC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

Formation and Characterization of Ceramic Nanocomposite Crystalline Coatings on Aluminium by Anodization

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第7期29卷 595-602页

作者： M.Mubarak Ali v.raj School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk 712-749South Korea Advanced Materials Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryPeriyar UniversitySalem 636 011Tamil NaduIndia

Ceramic nanocomposite coatings have been synthesized on aluminium by using lithium sulphate electrolyte with zirconium silicate additive by anodization. The effects of current density （CD） on microhardness, structure, composition and surface topography of the oxide layer formed at various CDs （0.1-0.25 A/cm^2） have been studied. Crystalline coatings formed at 0.25 A/cm^2 have been （width 95 nm） observed with a relatively uniform distribution confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the average microhardness value of ceramic nanocomposite coatings fabricated from lithium sulphate-zirconium silicate bath is approximately 8.5 times higher than that of the as-received aluminium. The surface statistics of the coatings is discussed in detail to explain the roughness and related parameters for better understanding. These observations demonstrate the importance of surface statistics in controlling the morphology of the coatings and its properties. From the X-ray diffraction investigations, it can be concluded that the formed nanocomposite coatings are crystalline in nature and that the crystallinity of the coatings decreases with increasing applied current density.

关键词： Anodization Nanocomposite Coatings Alumina Aluminium

Formation and Surface Structural Features of Crystalline Ceramic Nanocomposite Coatings on Aluminium Using Lithium Sulphate with Silicate Additive

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第2期27卷 185-197页

作者： M.Mubarak Ali v.raj Department of Chemistry Chikkaiah Naicker College Advanced Materials Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryPeriyar University

We have synthesized a series of the ceramic coatings by anodization of aluminium using lithium sulphate and sodium silicate additive. Our experiments show that the present coatings are nanocomposites in nature, consisting of a mixture of nanocrystalline alumina, silica, aluminium silicate and mullite; the formation of alumina was similar to conventional anodizing technology, while the formation of mullite was attributed to an addition of sodium silicate. The microhardness of the coatings progressively increased with the increasing current density up to 0.2 A/cm2, which could mainly be attributed to the decrease of porosity in the interfacial region of the oxides up to the range. From the performance of the coatings against corrosion （Tafel/Nyquist plots）, it was inferred that the coatings fabricated by lithium sulphatesodium silicate bath have enhanced corrosion resistance （Rp = 3.12 kΩ）, as well as better microhardness value than that of the lithium sulphate bath alone （Rp = 660.96 Ω） which confirm the perception that the silica particles included in the anodized alumina matrices randomly. Presence of Al, Si and O indicated that the electrolyte components had been intensively incorporated into the coatings.

关键词： Anodization Nanocomposite Ceramic Lithium sulphate

Investigation of Android Malware with Machine Learning Classifiers using Enhanced PCA Algorithm

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第3期44卷 2147-2163页

作者： v.Joseph Raymond R.Jeberson Retna raj Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai600119TamilnaduIndia School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai603203TamilnaduIndia

Android devices are popularly available in the commercial market at different price levels for various levels of *** Android stack is more vulnerable compared to other platforms because of its open-source *** are many android malware detection techniques available to exploit the source code andfind associated components during execution *** obtain a better result we create a hybrid technique merging static and dynamic *** this paper,in thefirst part,we have proposed a technique to check for correlation between features and classify using a supervised learning approach to avoid Mul-ticollinearity problem is one of the drawbacks in the existing *** the proposed work,a novel PCA(Principal Component Analysis)based feature reduction technique is implemented with conditional dependency features by gathering the functionalities of the application which adds novelty for the given *** Android Sensitive Permission is one major key point to be considered while detecting *** select vulnerable columns based on features like sensitive permissions,application program interface calls,services requested through the kernel,and the relationship between the variables henceforth build the model using machine learning classifiers and identify whether the given application is malicious or *** goal of this paper is to check benchmarking datasets collected from various repositories like virus share,Github,and the Canadian Institute of cyber security,compare with models ensuring zero-day exploits can be monitored and detected with better accuracy rate.

关键词： Zero-day exploit hybrid analysis principal component analysis supervised learning smart cities

Diabetic foot attack:Managing severe sepsis in the diabetic patient

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Kisshan raj Balakrishnan Dharshanan raj Selva raj Sabyasachi Ghosh Gregory AJ Robertson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Wrexham Maelor HospitalWrexham LL137TDUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic HospitalOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom

Diabetic foot attack(DFA)is the most severe presentation of diabetic foot disease,with the patient commonly displaying severe sepsis,which can be limb or life *** can be classified into two main categories:Typical and atypical.A typical DFA is secondary to a severe infection in the foot,often initiated by minor breaches in skin integrity that allow pathogens to enter and *** form often progresses rapidly due to the underlying diabetic pathophysiology of neuropathy,microvascular disease,and hyperglycemia,which facilitate infection spread and tissue *** form of DFA can present as one of a number of severe infective pathologies including pyomyositis,necrotizing fasciitis,and myonecrosis,all of which can lead to systemic sepsis and multiorgan *** atypical DFA,however,is not primarily *** can occur secondary to either ischemia or Charcot *** of the typical DFA involves prompt diagnosis,aggressive infection control,and a multidisciplinary *** can be guided by the current International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot/Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on diabetic foot infections,and the combined British Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society-vascular Society *** article highlights the importance of early recognition,comprehensive management strategies,and the need for further research to establish standardized protocols and improve clinical outcomes for patients with DFA.

关键词： Diabetic foot attack Diabetic foot infection Diabetes mellitus Sepsis Systemic sepsis

Investigation of Android Malware Using Deep Learning Approach

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 2413-2429页

In recent days the usage of android smartphones has increased exten-sively by *** are several applications in different categories bank-ing/ﬁnance,social engineering,education,sports andﬁtness,and many more *** android stack is more vulnerable compared to other mobile plat-forms like IOS,Windows,or Blackberry because of the open-source *** the Existing system,malware is written using vulnerable system calls to bypass signature detection important drawback is might not work with zero-day exploits and stealth *** attackers target the victim with various attacks like adware,backdoor,spyware,ransomware,and zero-day exploits and create threat hunts on the day-to-day *** the existing approach,there are various tradi-tional machine learning classiﬁers for building a decision support system with limitations such as low detection rate and less feature *** important contents taken for building model from android applications like Intent Filter,Per-mission Signature,API Calls,and System commands are taken from the manifestﬁ*** function parameters of various machine and deep learning classiﬁers like Nave Bayes,k-Nearest Neighbors(k-NN),Support vector Machine(SvM),Ada Boost,and Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)are done for effective *** our pro-posed work,we have used an unsupervised learning multilayer perceptron with multiple target labels and built a model with a better accuracy rate compared to logistic regression,and rank the best features for detection of applications and clas-sify as malicious or benign can be used as threat model by online antivirus scanners.

关键词： Android application permissions multilayer perception relief scoring

Microencapsulation of betacyanin from dragon fruit peel by complex coacervation:Physicochemical characteristics,thermal stability,and release profile of microcapsules

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Food Bioscience 2022年第5期49卷 1072-1083页

作者： G.v.S.Bhagya raj Kshirod K.Dash Department of Food Engineering and Technology Tezpur UniversityTezpurAssam784028India Department of Food Processing Technology Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology(GKCIET)MaldaWest Bengal732141India

Dragon fruit peel contains phytochemicals and natural pigment *** crude extract was extracted from the freeze-dried dragon fruit(Hylocereus undatus)peel powder using ultrasonication and betacyanin was isolated by aqueous two-phase *** pigment betacyanin extracted from the dragon fruit peels,was encapsulated using the complex coacervation *** encapsulation,four distinct carrier agents,namely maltodextrin,gum arabic,xanthan gum,and gelatin were mixed with sodium alginate to form the wall *** betacyanin microcapsule using gum arabic as the wall material had the highest encapsulation efficiency(92.265%),followed by maltodextrin(88.365%),xanthan gum(84.655%),and gelatin(80.526%).The hygroscopicity,swelling index,and solubility of the formulated four betacyanin microcapsules were in the range of 7.581-9.462 g/100 g,120.155-153.545%,and 54.645-65.216%,*** thermal stability of four microcapsules treated at 80◦C and pH 7 was revealed to have a half-life period of 55-110 *** release behaviour of microcapsules in terms of betacyanin content in simulated gastric juice were fitted with Higuchi,Korsmeyer-Peppas,Weibull,and Peppas-Sahalin *** findings support the concept that microencapsulation enables the formulation of a stable product containing functional components.

关键词： Dragon fruit peel Extraction Encapsulation Complex coacervation Betacyanin

LRS Bianchi Type-II Inflationary Universe with Massless Scalar Field and Time varying Λ

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第8期29卷 42-44页

作者： raj Bali Swati Department of Mathematics University of RajasthanJaipur 302004India

The locally rotationally symmetric(LRS)Bianchi type-II inflationary cosmological model is investigated for massless scalar field with flat potential and time varyingΛ.To obtain the deterministic solution,it is assumed that scale factor is a(t)~e^(Ht) as we considered previously for Bianchi type-I spacetime andΛ~a^(-2) as considered by Chen and Wu,where H is the Hubble constant and effective potential v(φ)=const;φHigg's *** is shown that such a time varyingΛleads to no conflict with existing ***,it does change the predictions of standard cosmology in the matter-dominated phase and alleviates some problems in reconciling observations with the inflationary *** model represents anisotropic spacetime in ***,the model isotropizes for large values of t andβ=3H^(2),whereβis *** physical and geometrical aspects of the model in the context of an inflationary scenario is also discussed.

关键词： scenario field Bianchi