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Comparison between CBR and CA methods for estimating land use change in Dongguan, China

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第4期22卷 716-736页

作者： DU Yunyan GE Yong v.chris lakhan SUN Yeran CAO Feng State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of WindsorON N9B 3P4Canada

Many studies on land use change （LUC）, using different approaches and models, have yielded good results. Applications of these methods have revealed both advantages and limitations. However, LUC is a complex problem due to influences of many factors, and variations in policy and natural conditions. Hence, the characteristics and regional suitability of different methods require further research, and comparison of typical approaches is required. Since the late 1980s, CA has been used to simulate urban growth, urban sprawl and land use evolution successfully. Nowadays it is very popular in resolving the LUC estimating problem. Casebased reasoning （CBR）, as an artificial intelligence technology, has also been employed to study LUC by some researchers since the 2000s. More and more researchers used the CBR method in the study of LUC. The CA approach is a mathematical system constructed from many typical simple components, which together are capable of simulating complex behavior, while CBR is a problem-oriented analysis method to solve geographic problems, particularly when the driving mechanisms of geographic processes are not yet understood fully. These two methods were completely different in the LUC research. Thus, in this paper, based on the enhanced CBR model, which is proposed in our previous research （Duet aL 2009）, a comparison between the CBR and CA approaches to assessing LUC is presented. LUC in Dongguan coastal region, China is investigated. Applications of the improved CBR and the cellular automata （CA） to the study area, produce results demonstrating a similarity estimation accuracy of 89% from the improved CBR, and 70.7% accuracy from the CA. From the results, we can see that the accuracies of the CA and CBR approaches are both 〉70%. Although CA method has the distinct advantage in predicting the urban type, CBR method has the obvious tendency in predicting non-urban type. Considering the entire analytical process, the preprocessing workload in CBR is le

关键词： artificial intelligence case-based reasoning land use changes spatial relationship cellular automata Dongguan coastal region, China

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RESPONSE OF MANGAL COMMUNITIES ALONG A COAST SUBJECT TO CYCLES OF ACCRETION AND EROSION

RESPONSE OF MANGAL COMMUNITIES ALONG A COAST SUBJECT TO CYCL...

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第三世界生态高峰会

作者： v.chris lakhan Jason Chan University of Windsor Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Windsor.Ontario Canada N9B 3P4 University of Windsor Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Windsor.Ontario Canada N9B 3P4

While it is acknowledged that anthropogenic factors contribute to the degradation of mangal communities (i.e.,a community of mangroves is considered a mangal) there is,nevertheless,a paucity of research on the response of mangal communities m coastal environments experiencing transitory morphological states reflecting accretionary and erosional *** paper,therefore,reports on the complex interactions existing between mangal communities and coastline positional shifts associated with episodes of aggradation and *** country of Guyana was chosen because the coast is dominated by communities of Rhizophora,Avicennia Nitida,Laguncularia racemosa and Conocarpus *** distribution and temporal changes in the mangal communities along the coast were examined with a combination of field data (1941-present),topographic map sheets (1:50 000) for 1964 and 1986,aerial photographs at a scale of 1:30 000 and 1:20 000 for 1953,1954,1962,1980 and 1981 and Landsat imagery for 1985,1992,2002 and *** and topographic data on coastline positional changes were analyzed with ArcGIS *** maps were then overlayed with those extracted from the 1985,1992,2002 and 2006 Landsat images with the Idrisi Kilimanjaro *** were obtained with an automatic extraction algorithm which required radiometric correction,contrast stretching,histogram thresholding,and band *** of Bands 2 and 4 and Bands 2 and 5 facilitated the determination of differences in spectral reflectance in order to establish the binary classification of the *** multiplication allowed demarcation of the coastlines which were subsequently vectorized for the calculation of either erosional or accretional or stable coastal *** communities were then extracted from topographic maps,aerial photographs and Landsat *** Normalized Difference vegetation Index and the Normalized Difference Water Index were synthesized to delineate the mangal communities fro

关键词： mangals aggradation degradation remote sensing GIS

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Comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： Melissa A.Stephen chris R.Burke Jennie E.Pryce Nicole M.Steele Peter R.Amer Susanne Meier Claire v.C.Phyn Dorian J.Garrick DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agriculture victoria Research AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia AbacusBio DunedinNew Zealand

Background Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures,especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure *** include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status,or *** measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-,interval-and rightcensoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound *** we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGEP4),which generally coincides with onset of puberty,as an example *** We produced AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×Jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving,pasture-based herds in New *** used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios,increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three *** methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis;2)continuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes;and 3)continuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation *** Credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was *** sires with at least 5 daughters,the correlations between estimated breeding values(EBvs)from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to *** estimated breed effects also varied by method,but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring *** Our results indicate that using

关键词： Cattle Gibbs sampler Markov-chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) Puberty

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Detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjamin M.Knight Connor M.Gautam Colton R.Stoner Bryan v.Egner Joseph R.Smith chris M.Orban Juan J.Manfredi Kyle D.Frische Michael L.Dexter Enam A.Chowdhury Anil K.Patnaik Department of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics Department Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm) D_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic inte... 详细信息

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(vistic intensity(~ 5 × 10^(18)W/cm^(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system produces deuterium±deuterium(D-D) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of D-D fusion neutron production is verified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an EJ-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 Mev. Particle-in-cell simulations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from D-D fusion events in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driven fusion laser-plasma interaction liquid target neutron detectors

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Efficiency of a Modular Cleanroom for Space Applications

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 547-562页

作者： Matthew R.Coburn Charlie Young chris Smith Graham Schultz Miguel Robayo Zheng-Tong Xie Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK Plastron UK Ltd. Westcott Venture ParkWestcottHP180XBUK Renewable Energy Group University of ExeterExeterTR109FEUK

A prototype cleanroom for hazardous testing and handling of satellites prior to launcher encapsulation,satisfying the ISO8 standard has been designed and analyzed in terms of *** Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)models have been used to study the related flow field and particulate matter(PM)*** outcomes of the URANS models have been validated through comparison with equivalent large-eddy *** attention has been paid to the location and shape of the air intakes and their orientation in space,in order to balance the PM convection and diffusion inside the *** a cyclone-type flow pattern inside the cleanroom is a key to maintaining a high ventilation efficiency.

关键词： Diffuser LES PM RANS unsteady flow exponential decay

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Application of rough set-based analysis to extract spatial relationship indicator rules： An example of land use in Pearl River Delta

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2011年第1期21卷 101-117页

作者： GE Yong CAO Feng DU Yunyan lakhan v. chris WANG Yingjie LI Deyu State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada School of Computer & Information Technology of Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China

Spatial relations,reflecting the complex association between geographical phenomena and environments,are very important in the solution of geographical issues. Different spatial relations can be expressed by indicators which are useful for the analysis of geographical issues. Urbanization,an important geographical issue,is considered in this paper. The spatial relationship indicators concerning urbanization are expressed with a decision table. Thereafter,the spatial relationship indicator rules are extracted based on the application of rough set theory. The extraction process of spatial relationship indicator rules is illustrated with data from the urban and rural areas of Shenzhen and Hong Kong,located in the Pearl River Delta. Land use vector data of 1995 and 2000 are used. The extracted spatial relationship indicator rules of 1995 are used to identify the urban and rural areas in Zhongshan,Zhuhai and Macao. The identification accuracy is approximately 96.3%. Similar procedures are used to extract the spatial relationship indicator rules of 2000 for the urban and rural areas in Zhongshan,Zhuhai and Macao. An identification accuracy of about 83.6% is obtained.

关键词： rough set theory spatial relations spatial indicator rules land use change

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Simplified Instruction Set Architecture Accelerates Chip Development and Wins the 2022 Draper Prize

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Engineering 2022年第10期17卷 7-9页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

The previously slow and steady rise in the adoption of a streamlined computer chip instruction set architecture(ISA),the fifth generation of reduced instruction set computer(RISC-v),has officially entered *** early Fe... 详细信息

关键词： computer Win ISA

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Transfer learning in demand response: A review of algorithms for data-efficient modelling and control

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2022年第1期7卷 183-196页

作者： Thijs Peirelinck Hussain Kazmi Brida v.Mbuwir chris Hermans Fred Spiessens Johan Suykens Geert Deconinck ESAT KU LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 10 bus 24453001 LeuvenBelgium AMO Flemish Institute for Technological Research(VITO)Boeretang 2002400 MolBelgium AMO EnergyVilleThor Park 83103600 GenkBelgium

A number of decarbonization scenarios for the energy sector are built on simultaneous electrification of energy demand,and decarbonization of electricity generation through renewable energy ***,increased electricity demand due to heat and transport electrification and the variability associated with renewables have the potential to disrupt stable electric grid *** address these issues using demand response,researchers and practitioners have increasingly turned towards automated decision support tools which utilize machine learning and optimization ***,when applied naively,these algorithms suffer from high sample complexity,which means that it is often impractical to fit sufficiently complex models because of a lack of observed *** advances have shown that techniques such as transfer learning can address this problem and improve their performance considerably—both in supervised and reinforcement learning *** formulations allow models to leverage existing domain knowledge and human expertise in addition to sparse observational *** formally,transfer learning embodies all techniques where one aims to increase(learning)performance in a target domain or task,by using knowledge gained in a source domain or *** paper provides a detailed overview of state-of-the-art techniques on applying transfer learning in demand response,showing improvements that can exceed 30%in a variety of *** observe that most research to date has focused on transfer learning in the context of electricity demand prediction,although reinforcement learning based controllers have also seen increasing ***,a number of limitations remain in these studies,including a lack of benchmarks,systematic performance improvement tracking,and consensus on techniques that can help avoid negative transfer.

关键词： Demand response Transfer learning Reinforcement learning Review Smart grid

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RF thermal and new cold part design studies on a TTF-Ⅲ input coupler for Project-X

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Chinese Physics C 2012年第2期36卷 173-178页

作者：裴士伦 chris E Adolphsen 李增海 Nikolay A Solyak Ivan v Gonin Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia 60510IllinoisUSA

An RF power coupler is one of the key components in a superconducting （SC） linac. It provides RF power to the SC cavity and interconnects different temperature layers （1.8 K, 4.2 K, 70 K and 300 K）. The TTF-Ⅲ coupler is one of the most promising candidates for the High Energy （HE） linac of Project X, but it cannot meet the average power requirements because of the relatively high temperature rise on the warm inner conductor, so some design modifications will be required. In this paper, we describe our simulation studies on the copper coating thickness on the warm inner conductor with RRR values of 10 and 100. Our purpose is to rebalance the dynamic and static loads, and finally lower the temperature rise along tbe warm inner conductor. In addition, to get stronger coupling, better power handling and less multipacting probability, one new cold part design was proposed using a 60 mm coaxial line; the corresponding multipacting simulation studies have also been investigated.

关键词： RF thermal effect TTF-Ⅲ input coupler multipacting dynamic RF power loss static thermal loss

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The generation and evolution of the Archean continental crust:The granitoid story in southeastern Brazil

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第4期13卷 144-164页

作者： Rodrigo S.Marimon chris J.Hawkesworth Elton L.Dantas Rudolph A.J.Trouw Wilson Teixeira Peter C.Hackspacher Allen Fetter Ciro A.Ávila Silvia volante Atlas v.Corrêa Neto Everton M.Bongiolo Rodrigo vinagre Maurício Simon Depto.de Geologia IGEOUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroUFRJRio de JaneiroRJBrazil School of Earth Sciences University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom Instituto de Geociências Universidade de BrasíliaUnBBrasíliaDFBrazil Instituto de Geociências Universidade de São PauloUSPSão PauloSPBrazil Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual PaulistaRio ClaroSPBrazil Institute of Geology Mineralogy and GeophysicsRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801 BochumGermany ISOTOPIA Lab School of EarthAtmosphere and EnvironmentMonash UniversityWellington RdClaytonVIC 3800Australia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências IGUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulUFRGSPorto AlegreRSBrazil

The Archean Eon was a time of geodynamic *** evidence of these transitions come from igneous/metaigneous rocks,which dominate cratonic segments *** data for granitoids from an Archean basement inlier related to the Southern S?o Francisco Craton(SSFC),are integrated with geochronological,isotopic and geochemical data on Archean granitoids from the *** rocks are divided into three main geochemical groups with different ages:(1)TTG(3.02–2.77 Ga);(2)mediumto high-K granitoids(2.85–2.72 Ga);and(3)A-type granites(2.7–2.6 Ga).The juvenile to chondritic(Hf-Nd isotopes)TTG were divided into two sub-groups,TTG 1(low-HREE)and 2(high-HREE),derived from partial melting of metamafic rocks similar to those from adjacent greenstone *** compositional diversity within the TTG is attributed to different pressures during partial melting,supported by a positive correlation of Dy/Yb and Sr/Zr,and batch melting *** proposed TTG sources are geochemically similar to basaltic rocks from modern island-arcs,indicating the presence of subduction processes concomitant with TTG ***~2.85 Ga to 2.70 Ga,the dominant rocks were K-rich *** are modeled as crustal melts of TTG,during regional metamorphism indicative of crustal *** compositional diversity is linked to:(i)differences in source composition;(ii)distinct melt fractions during partial melting;and(iii)different residual mineralogies reflecting varying P–T ***-collisional(~2.7–2.6 Ga)A-type granites reflect rifting in that they were closely followed by extension-related dyke swarms,and they are interpreted as differentiation or partial melting products of magmas derived from subduction-modified *** sequence of granitoid emplacement indicates subduction-related magmatism was followed by crustal thickening,regional metamorphism and crustal melting,and post-collisional extension,similar to that seen in younger Wilson *** is compelling evide

关键词： Granitoid petrogenesis Archean geodynamics Crustal evolution TTGs A-types Batch melting calculations

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