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Pressure Gradient Evolution and Substorm Onset

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Pressure Gradient Evolution and Substorm Onset

第十四届全国日地空间物理学术研讨会

作者： Y.Nishimura v.angelopoulos Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences UCLA Los Angeles Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics UCLA Los Angeles 北京大学地球与空间科学学院中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京大学物理学院

Near-Earth current disruption （NECD） and substorm current wedge （SCW） formation are two related key phenomena for substorm onset. They are believed to be in close association with evolution of pressure gradient near the inner edge of plasma sheet. In the past, a few attempts have been made to investigate the pressure gradient in the late growth phase based on one- or two-spacecraft observations （e.g., Korth et al., 1991;Pu et al., 1992;Shiokawa et al., 1998;Xing et al., 2010, 2011,etc）. In this paper, with linearization assumption in the inner-probe region, we use THEMIS three-probe measurements to estimate pressure gradient near the inner edge of the equatorward and duskward （dawnward） plasma sheet where pressure gradient in the Z-direction is almost vanished. We therefore can roughly get the two-dimensional pressure gradient in the X- and Y-direction simultaneously. Our observations indicate that the pressure gradients in both the X- and Y-direction enhance right after （within one minute） substorm onset. The enhanced pressure gradient in the Y-direction is duskward （dawnward） when the probes are in the duskside （dawnside） of the enhanced earthward flow in the growth phase. The enhanced dawn-dusk pressure gradients can drive downward field-aligned current （FAC） on the dawnside and upward FAC on the duskside, thus make contributions to the NECD and formation of SCW. THEMIS in situ data and all-sky auroral images for two events are presented, followed by a brief discussion.

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THEMIS observations of two substorms on February 26,2008

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第5期53卷 1328-1337页

作者： CHU XiangNing PU ZuYin CAO Xin WANG Jue v.MISHIN v.angelopoulos LIU Jiang WEI Yong K.H.GLASSMEIER J.MCFADDEN D.LARSON S.MENDE H.FREY C.T.RUSSELL I.MANN D.SIBECK ZONG QiuGang FU SuiYan XIE Lun T.I.SAIFUDINOvA M.v.TOLOCHKO L.A.SAPRONOvA H.REME E.LUCEK School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UriiversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics Russian Academy of Sciences IGPP UCLA Instiute of Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics Technical University of BraunschweigBraunschweig and Max Planck Institute of Solar System Research Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Department of Physics University of Alberta Code 674 NASA/GSFC Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements Blackett Laboratory Imperial College London

Two substorms occurred at ～04:05 and ～04:55 UT on February 26,2008 are studied with the in-situ observations of THEMIS satellites and ground-based aurora and magnetic field *** et *** made a comprehensive study of the 04:55 UT *** showed detailed features of the two substorms with much attention to the first event and to the rela-tionship between mid-tail magnetic reconnection(MR) and substorm *** was found that in the earlier stage of each substorm,a first auroral intensification occurred 2-3 min soon after the start of mid-tail MR,followed by a slow and very lim-ited *** auroral arcs were weak,short-lived,and localized,characterizing all features of a *** re-garded the first auroral brightening as the initial onset of the substorms.A few minutes later,a second stronger auroral intensification appeared,followed by quick and extensive *** was interesting to note that the second brightening and related poleward expansion happened almost simultaneously(within a couple of minutes) with the onset of earthward flow and dipolarization in the near-Earth tail and other phenomenon of the substorm expansion *** thus regarded the second auroral brightening as the major onset of the ***,it was seen that during the growth phase of the two substorms,the polar cap open flux Ψ kept increasing,while it quickly reduced during the substorm expansion and recovery *** variations of Ψ implied that the evolution of the two substorm expansion phases were closely related to MR of tail lobe open field *** of substorm activities revealed that the two events studied were small substorms;while estimate of MR rate indicated that the MR processes in the two substorms were *** aforementioned observations suggested that mid-tail MR initiated the pseudobreakup first;the earthward flow generated by MR transported magnetic flux and energy to the near-Earth tail to cause the formatio

关键词： substorm auroral intensification/brightening auroral expansion dipolarization magnetic reconnection

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磁层顶附近表面波与磁力线共振的耦合机制

磁层顶附近表面波与磁力线共振的耦合机制

第十四届全国日地空间物理学术研讨会

作者：刘文龙 T.E.Sarris 李炘璘宗秋刚 R.Ergun v.angelopoulos K.H.Glassmeier 北京航空航天大学宇航学院 LASP University of ColoradoBoulderColorado 北京大学地球与空间科学学院 IGPP University of California-Los AngelesCalifornia IGEP Technical University of Braunschweig Germany

本文利用THEMIS卫星的观测数据,研究一个向日面的极向模超低频波事件。2007年5月29日,五颗THEMIS卫星在同一个轨道先后穿越向日面磁层,它们都观测到了很强的10-4毫赫兹的窄频超低频波。通过与LANL卫星的粒子观测数据进行对比,我们发现...

本文利用THEMIS卫星的观测数据,研究一个向日面的极向模超低频波事件。2007年5月29日,五颗THEMIS卫星在同一个轨道先后穿越向日面磁层,它们都观测到了很强的10-4毫赫兹的窄频超低频波。通过与LANL卫星的粒子观测数据进行对比,我们发现这个超低频波事件覆盖了很广阔的区域:09:00-13:00地方时和5-9.5地球半径。它的外边界在07:00到08:30世界时期间逐渐向地面移动,表明该超低频波在以小时的时间尺度逐渐衰减。在磁层点外面,我们发现波动的强度08:00到09:00世界时期间快速地变化:先减小后增大。我们认为,波动强度的快速减小可能是由于等离子体层顶运动所造成的快速衰减机制,时间尺度为几十分钟。波动强度的增大可能是由于等离子体层顶附近的超低频波激发机制。通过分析,我们提出如果等离子体层顶的内外密度比值接近2的时候,等离子体层顶表面波就可能与局地的磁力线共振发生耦合,进而激发等离子体层顶区域的超低频波。

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Fast tailward flows in the plasma sheet boundary layer during a substorm on 9 March 2008:THEMIS observations

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Fast tailward flows in the plasma sheet boundary layer durin...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2011年度）...

作者： R.Nakamura E.v.Panov W.Baumjohann M.volwerk A.Retino B.Zieger v.angelopoulos K.-H.Glassmeier J.P.McFadden D.Larson Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences GrazAustria Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of Califomia Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Institut fr Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik Technische Universitt Braunschweig BrunswickGermany Space Science Laboratory University of California BerkeleyCaliforniaUSA

[1]Tailward flows in the plasma sheet boundary layer(PSBL) were observed simultaneously by the five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms(THEMIS) probes at down-tail distances X.6 to 7.6 R for 0 min during an interval of successive substorm intensification in a storm time on 9 March 2008. The flows first occurred close to Earth and then propagated along the magnetic field lines in the PSBL with a speed of 50-350 km *** show that the occurrence of tailward flows is highly dependent on proximity to the plasma sheet *** speeds occurred in the outer part of the PSBL,while either lower tailward speeds(or even earthward flows) were seen in the inner part of the *** tailward flow occurrence increased during magnetotail stretching and decreased or ceased during magnetic field *** PSBL tailward flows near the Earth can be understood as an outflow of the earthward flows that essentially empty the central plasma *** tailward flows along the field line filled the void left behind by the dipolarization front.

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On the retreat of near-Earth neutral line during substorm expansion phase:a THEMIS case study during the 9 January 2008 substorm

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On the retreat of near-Earth neutral line during substorm ex...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2012年度（第12届）...

作者： X.Cao Z.Y.Pu A.M.Du v.M.Mishin X.G.Wang C.J.Xiao T.L.Zhang v.angelopoulos J.P.McFadden K.H.Glassmeier Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth aod Space Sciences Peking University Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics Russian Academy of Sciences School of Physics Peking University Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences USTC Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California Space Sciences Laboratory University of California TUBS Max-Planck-Institut fr Sonnensystemforschung Katlenburg-LindauGermany

The location of magnetic reconnection in the midtail during a substorm was studied in many *** we present multi-point THEMIS observations of a reconnection event in the near-Earth magnetotail during *** this event,THEMIS probes stayed in the near-Earth and midtail region aligning along the *** allows reconnection evolution to be probed simultaneously from about -10 R to -23 R down *** Hall current related electron streams were observed at the same time by two probes far away from the reconnection *** near-Earth reconnection involved the tail lobe magnetic field,the reconnection site was restricted in earthward -23 *** reconnection involved into the tail lobe region,the reconnection site started to retreat gradually.

关键词： Magnetospheric physics(Magnetotail Storms and substorms)- Space plasma physics(Magnetic reconnection)

B-L model with D_(4)×Z_(4)×Z_(2)symmetry for fermion mass hierarchies and mixings

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 11-30页

作者： v.v.vien Department of Physics Tay Nguyen UniversityDaklakVietnam

We constructed a gauge B-L model with D_(4)×Z_(4)×Z_(2)symmetry to explain the quark and lepton mass hierarchies and their mixings with realistic CP phases via the type-I seesaw *** quark mases,three quark mixing angles,and the CP phase in the quark sector take the central values whereas Yukawa couplings in the quark sector are diluted in a range of difference of three orders of magnitude by the perturbation theory at the first *** the neutrino sector,a small neutrino mass is achieved by the type-I seesaw *** inverted and normal neutrino mass hierarchies are consistent with the experimental *** predicted sum of neutrino masses for normal and inverted hierarchies,the effective neutrino masses,and the Dirac CP phase are also consistent with recently reported limits.

关键词： flavor symmetries quark and lepton masses and mixing extensions of electroweak gauge sector neutrino mass and mixing non-standard-model neutrinos right-handed neutrinos D4 discrete symmetry

Three-dimensional lunar wake reconstructed from ARTEMIS data

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Three-dimensional lunar wake reconstructed from ARTEMIS data

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2014年度（第14届）...

作者： H.Zhang K.K.Khurana M.G.Kivelson v.angelopoulos W.X.Wan L.B.Liu Q.-G.Zong Z.Y.Pu Q.Q.Shi W.L.Liu Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of California Atmospheric Oceanic and Space Sciences DepartmentUniversity of Michigan School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University School of Space Science and Physics Shangdong University at Weihai School of Astronautics Beihang University

Data from the two-spacecraft Acceleration,Reconnection,Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon’s Interaction with the Sun mission to the Ivloon have been exploited to characterize the lunar wake with unprecedented *** differences between measurements made by a spacecraft in the solar wind very near the Ivloon and concurrent measurements made by a second spacecraft in the near lunar wake are small but *** enabled us to establish the perturbations of plasma density,temperature,thermal,magnetic and total pressure,field,and flow downstream of the Ivloon to distances of 12 lunar radii(R).The wake disturbances are initiated immediately behind the Ivloon by the diamagnetic currents at the lunar *** waves propagate outward at fast MHD wave *** .5 R’,all plasma and field parameters are poorly structured which suggests the presence of instabilities excited by counter-streaming *** flowing plasma accelerated through pressure gradient force and ambipolar electric field compresses the magnetic field and leads to continuous increase in magnitude of magnetic *** the downstream distance,the field perturbation magnitude is also a function of the solar wind ion beta and the angle between the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF).Both ion and electron temperatures increase as a consequence of an energy dispersion effect,whose explanation requires fully kinetic *** of the Moon,the IMF field lines are observed to bulge toward the Moon,which is unexpected and may be caused by a plasma pressure gradient force or/and the pickup of heavy charged dust grains behind the Moon.

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Active and passive modulation of solar light transmittance in a uniquely multifunctional dual-band single molecule for smart window applications

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 293-305,I0007页

作者： Pooja v.Chavan Pramod v.Rathod Joohyung Lee Sergei v.Kostjuk Hern Kim Department of Energy Science and Technology Environmental Waste Recycle InstituteMyongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi-do 17058Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Myongji UniversityYonginGyeonggi-do 17058Republic of Korea Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University MinskBelarus

Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart *** materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of ***,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological *** a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces *** address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-Hv as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(Hv)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and *** constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)*** privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero *** unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct ***,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.

关键词： Smart windows Thermochromism Electrochromism Energy saving Dual-responsive material

Unravelling-based (auto)control of back-action in atomic Bose–Einstein condensate

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 287-295页

作者： v.A.Tomilin L.v.Il’ichov Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS 630090 NovosibirskRussia

We present a novel feedback control method for quantum *** does not affect the controlled system ***,it controls the unravelling of the quantum channel of interaction between the system and its *** interaction can be represented as a history of *** their informational content is changed,their back-action on the system is also *** action is trigged by the events,thus granting the system the degree of control over its own *** efficiency of the proposed scheme is demonstrated on the example of two-mode atomic Bose-Einstein condensate,with one of its modes subject to phase-contrast imaging in a Mach–Zehnder *** histories of photocounts in the output channels of the interferometer are used for *** capabilities of state engineering are studied for different settings of the feedback loop and different numbers of events in the recorded histories.

关键词： quantum feedback control quantum measurements twomode Bose-Einstein condensates