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Rice spouted bed for manufacturing inclusion complexes of Endopleura uchi L extracts in β-cyclodextrin

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Particuology 2019年第1期17卷 208-215页

作者： L.v.D. Freitas A.C.R. Montes E.I.A. Campos E.C. Conceicao L.A. Tacon A.D. Lanchote L.A.P.Freitas Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto University of Sao PauloVia do Cafe s/n14040-903Ribeirao PretoSPBrazil

Uxi (Endopleura uchi) is a plant from the Brazilian Amazon. It has many biological activities that are attributed to its main active component, bergenin (BG), which has low water solubility. The aim of this work was to obtain β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes of uxi using lyophilized cooked rice as the solid substrate. The process was studied using a Box–Behnken design with the solution feed rate, molar ratio of β-CD to BG, and rice bed load as factors. These factors greatly affected the product bulk density, angle of repose, water content, and BG content, loss, and water solubility. The optimum process conditions determined using a desirability functions methodology were an extract feed rate of 1 mL/min, a ratio of β-CD to BG of 3:1, and a substrate load of 100 g. The predicted values under the optimum conditions were close to the experimental results of a water content of 5.8%± 0.2%, BG content of 985.7 ± 15.4 μg/g, BG water solubility of 2230.2 ± 21.1 μg/mL, and BG loss of 1.2%± 0.1%. These results confirm that spouted beds are an important tool for rapid, one-step preparation of pharmaceutical β-CD inclusion complexes in a solid form.

关键词： Bergenin Chromatography Yield Active loss Solubility

Optimization of Wax Esters Production from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate and Oleyl Alcohol over Amberlyst 15

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第11期5卷 1427-1434页

作者： M. Tapanwong v. Punsuvon Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand Center of Excellence-Oil Palm Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources NRU-ku Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand

Wax esters were derived from long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohols with chain length of 12 carbons or more. These compounds have many potential applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food industries. The present work focuses on the synthesis of wax esters using palm fatty acid distillate and oleyl alcohol catalyzed by Amberlyst 15. Response surface methodology （RSM） based on a five-level, three-variable central composite design （CCD） was used to evaluate the interactive effects of synthesis, of amount of Amberlyst 15 catalyst （21.6-38.4% w/w）, reaction time （18-102 min） and molar ratio （palm fatty acid distillate to oleyl alcohol, 1：1.16-1：2.84） on the percentage conversion of palm fatty acid distillate. The optimum conditions derived v.a RSM were： amount of catalyst 33% w/w, reaction time 95 minute and palm fatty acid to oleyl alcohol molar ratio 1：2.7. The actual experimental conversion was 81.52% under optimum condition, which compared well to the maximum predicted value of 80.50%. Analysis of the yield showed that at optimum condition, 80.54% wax esters were produced.

关键词： Palm fatty acid distillate wax esters response surface methodology esterification.

室间隔切除术：治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的金标准

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中华心血管病杂志 2009年第4期37卷 307-311页

作者： Joseph A Dearani Hartzell v Schaff Steve R Ommen Minnesota 55905 Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Mayo Clinic and Foundation Division of Cardiovascular Diseases

梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（HCM）间隔切除术的治疗方法几乎与HCM文献报道同时出现。现在越来越清楚的表明，间隔切除术是一种缓解流出道梗阻症状最可靠的治疗方法。间隔切除术在HCM治疗中地位的不断提高，主要是因为：（1）对梗阻的患病率及... 详细信息

梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（HCM）间隔切除术的治疗方法几乎与HCM文献报道同时出现。现在越来越清楚的表明，间隔切除术是一种缓解流出道梗阻症状最可靠的治疗方法。间隔切除术在HCM治疗中地位的不断提高，主要是因为：（1）对梗阻的患病率及其影响认识更加清楚；（2）通过与酒精消融术的比较，使我们对该术式的认识更加清楚。下面我们介绍一下Mayo医院外科治疗HCM的经验。

关键词：梗阻性肥厚型心肌病治疗方法切除术金标准室间隔 HCM 梗阻症状外科治疗

Liberalization of Staple Crops： Lessons from the Mexican Experience in Maize

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2010年第3期4卷 95-101页

作者： A. Yunez-Naude v. Serrano Center for Economic Studies El Colegio de Mexico Camino al Ajusco 20 Mexico City C.P. 10740 Mexico

In this paper the authors inquire why, after more than 25 years of domestic agricultural reforms in Mexico and 15 years of trade liberalization of maize under the North American Free Trade Agreement （NAFTA）, the domestic production of maize, a non-competitive crop and the major staple in Mexico, has increased. The authors present new empirical evidence showing that, as expected, maize prices in Mexico dropped until 2006 and have experienced a process of convergence with USA prices, and maize imports from the USA have increased. However, despite lower prices, maize production in Mexico has trended upward since 1992, two years before the beginning of NAFTA＇s implementation. Based on the heterogeneity of maize production in Mexico, three possible explanations are proposed to explain this unexpected outcome： government supports to big commercial farmers in the agriculturally rich North of Mexico; the persistence of maize production by subsistence farmers; and to a lesser degree, increasing yields on some irrigated maize farms. We finish the paper by drawing lessons from the experience of Mexico for other Less Developed Countries.

关键词： Domestic and trade liberalization price convergence structural change

Effect of electron injection in copper-contacted graphene nanoribbons

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Nano Research 2016年第9期9卷 2735-2746页

作者： Konstantin A.Simonov Nikolay A.vinogradov.alexander S.vinogradov.alexander v.Generalov Gleb I.Svirskiy Attilio A.Cafolla Nils Martensson Alexei B. Preobrajenski Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityUppsala Box 51675120Sweden MAX Ⅳ Laboratory Lund UniversityLund Box 11822100Sweden v.a.Fock Institute of Physics St.Petersburg State UniversitySt.Petersburg 198504Russia School of Physical Sciences Dublin City UniversityDublin 9Ireland

For practical electronic device applications of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), it is essential to have abrupt and well-defined contacts between the ribbon and the adjacent metal lead. By analogy with graphene, these contacts can induce electron or hole doping, which may significantly affect the I/v characteristics of the device. Cu is among the most popular metals of choice for contact materials. In this study, we investigate the effect of in situ intercalation of Cu on the electronic structure of atomically precise, spatially aligned armchair GNRs of width N = 7 (7-AGNRs) fabricated v.a a bottom-up method on the Au(788) surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy data rev.al that the complete intercalation of about one monolayer of Cu under 7-AGNRs can be facilitated by gentle annealing of the sample at 80 °C. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data clearly reflect the one-dimensional character of the 7-AGNR band dispersion before and after intercalation. Moreover, ARPES and core-level photoemission results show that intercalation of Cu leads to significant electron injection into the nanoribbons, which causes a pronounced downshift of the valence and conduction bands of the GNR with respect to the Fermi energy (ΔE ~ 0.5 ev). As demonstrated by ARPES and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, the effect of Cu intercalation is restricted to n-doping only, without considerable modification of the band structure of the GNRs. Post-annealing of the 7-AGNRs/Cu/Au(788) system at 200 °C activates the diffusion of Cu into Au and the formation of a Cu-rich surface Au layer. Alloying of intercalated Cu leads to the recovery of the initial position of GNR-related bands with respect to the Fermi energy (E F), thus, proving the tunability of the induced n-doping.

关键词： graphene nanoribbons bottom-up method copper intercalation charge injection angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) scanning tunneling microscopy

Linking the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program to commercial claims to establish a framework for real-world longitudinal stroke research

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Stroke & vascular Neurology 2022年第2期7卷 114-123页

作者： Elisabetta Patorno Sebastian Schneeweiss Mary G George Xin Tong Jessica M Franklin Ajinkya Pawar Helen Mogun Lidia M v R Moura Lee H Schwamm Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention NCCDPHPCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Epilepsy and Neurophysiology Division Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Fireman vascular Center and Stroke Division Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background Non-interventional large-scale research on real-world patients who had a stroke requires the use of multiple data sources ensuring access to longitudinal data from large populations with clinically-detailed *** sought to establish a framework for longitudinal research on patients hospitalised with stroke by linking information-rich,deidentified inpatient data from the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program(PCNASP)to commercial and Medicare Advantage longitudinal claims *** All stroke admissions in PCNASP between 2008 and 2015 were evaluated for linkage to longitudinal claims from a commercial insurer using an algorithm based on six available common data fields(patient age,gender,admission date,discharge date,discharge diagnosis and state)and a hospital *** evaluated the linkage quality(v.a the percentage of unique records in the linked dataset)and the representativeness of the linked *** also described medical history,stroke severity and patterns of medication use among the PCNASP-claims linked *** The linkage produced uniqueness equal to 99.1%.We identified 5644 linked and 98896 unlinked patients who had an ischaemic stroke hospitalisation in claims *** patients were younger than unlinked(69.7 vs 72.5 years),but otherwise similar by medical history,prestroke medication use or lab *** severity was mild and most patients were discharged *** and discharge use of antihypertensive and statins in the PCNASP were greater than their use as measured by filled prescriptions in *** High-quality linkage between the PCNASP and commercial claims data is *** linkage identified differences between reported or recommended versus actual out-of-hospital medication utilisation,highlighting the importance of longitudinal data availability for research aimed to improve the care of patients who had a stroke.

关键词： linkage claims younger

A Low Power and High Speed viterbi Decoder Based on Deep Pipelined, Clock Blocking and Hazards Filtering

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2009年第6期2卷 575-582页

作者： C. ARUN v. RAJAMANI 不详

A high speed and low power viterbi decoder architecture design based on deep pipelined, clock gating and toggle filtering has been presented in this paper. The Add-Compare-Select (ACS) and Trace Back (TB) units and its sub circuits of the decoder have been operated in deep pipelined manner to achieve high transmission rate. The Power dissipation analysis is also investigated and compared with the existing results. The techniques that have been employed in our low-power design are clock-gating and toggle filtering. The synthesized circuits are placed and routed in the standard cell design environment and implemented on a Xilinx XC2vP2fg256-6 FPGA device. Power estimation obtained through gate level simulations indicated that the proposed design reduces the power dissipation of an original viterbi decoder design by 68.82% and a speed of 145 MHz is achieved.

关键词： viterbi Decoder Convolutional Codes High-Speed Low Power Consumption Parallel Processing Deep Pipelining

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma: Paradigm shift towards nephron sparing management

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第2期5卷 158-165页

作者： Julia v Fiuk Brad F Schwartz Division of Urology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma （UTUC） is relatively rare compared to urothelial carcinoma of the lower tract, comprising only 5%-10% of all urothelial cancers. Although both entities share histologic properties, UTUC tends to be more invasive at diagnosis and portend a worse prognosis, with a 5 year overall mortality of 23%. To date, the gold standard management of UTUC has been radical nephroureterectomy （RNU）, with nephron sparing techniques reserved for solitary kidneys or cases where the patient could not tolerate radical surgery. Limited data from these series, as well as select series where nephron-sparing endoscopic management has been offered to a broader patient base, suggest that minimally invasive, nephron sparing techniques can offer comparable oncologic and survival outcomes to RNU in appropriately selected patients. We review the current literature on the topic and discuss long term outcomes and sequelae of the gold standard treatment, RNU. We also discuss the oncologic outcomes of minimally invasive, endoscopic management of UTUC. Our goal is to provide the reader a comprehensive overview of the current state of the feld in order to inform and guide their treatment decisions.

关键词： Urothelial carcinoma Ureteroscopy Upper tract Endoscopy Minimally invasive

GEOLOGIC EvENTS AT THE J/K BOUNDARY IN SOUTHEASTERN RUSSIA

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GEOLOGIC EVENTS AT THE J/K BOUNDARY IN SOUTHEASTERN RUSSIA