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Semantic Segmentation of Lumbar v.rtebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on Spine Magnetic Resonance Images

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lak.hmi S v.v.Shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam Sunil Retmin Raj Cyril Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back.pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed v.ew of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerv.s,interv.rtebral discs,and v.rtebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effectiv. method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of v.rtebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the v.rtebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding v.riety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and interv.rtebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis task. and achiev.s high segmentation *** work.proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering conv.lutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar v.rtebrae L1 to L5 and sacral v.rtebra ***-colour mask.images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work.has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar Spine MRI Dataset publicly av.ilable from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar v.rtebrae giv.s better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DSC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection ov.r Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar v.rtebrae deep learning U-Net model

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An SPH Framework.for Earthquak.-Induced Liquefaction Hazard Assessment of Geotechnical Structures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 251-277页

作者： Sourabh Mhask. G.v.Ramana Department of Civ.l Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi110016India

Earthquak.-induced soil liquefaction poses significant risk. to the stability of geotechnical structures *** understanding of the liquefaction triggering,and the post-failure large deformation behav.our is essential for designing resilient *** present study dev.lops a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)framework.for earthquak.-induced liquefaction hazard assessment of geotechnical *** coupled flowdeformation behav.our of soils subjected to cyclic loading is described using the PM4Sand model implemented in a three-phase,single-layer SPH framework.A staggered discretisation scheme based on the stress particle SPH approach is adopted to minimise numerical inaccuracies caused by zero-energy modes and tensile ***,non-reflecting boundary conditions for seismic analysis of semi-infinite soil domains using the SPH method are *** numerical framework.is employed for the analysis of cyclic direct simple shear test,seismic analysis of a lev.l ground site,and liquefaction-induced failure of the Lower San Fernando *** agreement for liquefaction triggering and post-failure behav.our demonstrates that the SPH framework.can be utilised to assess the effect of seismic loading on field-scale geotechnical *** present study also serv.s as the basis for future adv.ncements of the SPH method for applications related to earthquak. geotechnical engineering.

关键词： Earthquak. seismic liquefaction stress particle PM4Sand smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)

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Autism spectrum disorder:difficulties in diagnosis and microRNA biomark.rs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2776-2786页

作者： Bridget Martinez Philip v.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serv. as diagnostic biomark.rs in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies were performed with whole blood,4 with blood plasma,5 with blood serum,1 with serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular v.sicles,1 with blood cells,and 2 with peripheral blood mononuclear *** of the studies inv.lv.d children and the study cohorts were largely *** of the studies had performed microRNA sequencing or quantitativ. polymerase chain reaction assays to measure microRNA *** fiv. studies had used real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to v.lidate microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder subjects compared to *** microRNAs that were v.lidated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomark.rs for autism spectrum disorder and include miR-500a-5p,-197-5p,-424-5p,-664a-3p,-365a-3p,-619-5p,-664a-3p,-3135a,-328-3p,and-500a-5p in blood plasma and miR-151a-3p,-181b-5p,-320a,-328,-433,-489,-572,-663a,-101-3p,-106b-5p,-19b-3p,-195-5p,and-130a-3p in blood serum of children,and miR-15b-5p and-6126 in whole blood of *** important limitations were identified in the studies rev.ewed,and need to be tak.n into account in future *** studies are warranted with children and adults hav.ng different lev.ls of autism spectrum disorder sev.rity and consideration should be giv.n to using animal models of autism spectrum disorder to inv.stigate the effects of suppressing or ov.rexpressing specific microRNAs as a nov.l therapy.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder biomark.r blood cells blood plasma blood serum diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular v.sicles whole blood

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MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic biomark.rs for bipolar disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1681-1695页

Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain dev.lopment and disease and could prov.de nov.l biomark.rs for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomark.rs in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had v.lidated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomark.rs for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. Two of the studies had inv.stigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiv.ng treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 week. of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class B) and sedativ.s, hypnotics, anticonv.lsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serv. as biomark.rs of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectiv.ly, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observ.d i

关键词： biomark.r bipolar disorder blood leuk.cytes blood plasma blood plasma extracellular v.sicles/exosomes blood serum brain tissue brain tissue extracellular v.sicles/exosomes lymphoblastoid cell lines microRNA neural progenitor cells whole blood

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MicroRNAs as potential biomark.rs for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1957-1970页

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to sev.re traumatic life ***,there are no v.lidated biomark.rs or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma surv.v.rs with and without post-traumatic stress *** addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the ov.rlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate *** suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral mark.rs of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress *** performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serv. as diagnostic biomark.rs and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December *** included four studies with whole blood,sev.n with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular v.sicles/exosomes,and one with serum *** of these studies had also used whole *** studies were excluded as they did not inv.lv. microRNA *** of the studies had collected samples from adult male v.terans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult *** measuring miRNA expression lev.ls,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString *** six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/v.lidate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to *** miRNAs that were found/v.lidated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomark.rs for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular v.sicles/

关键词： biomark.r diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells plasma extracellular v.sicles/exosomes post-traumatic stress disorder serum exosomes whole blood whole plasma

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Unlock.ng hypoglycemia–associated brain microv.scular dysfunction:critical insights from proteomic analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： Siv. S.v.P.Sak.muri Anil Sak.muri Department of Chemistry Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA v.scular Biology Center and Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hypoglycemia-a critical complication link.d to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose lev.ls below sta nda rd physiological *** hypoglycemia,classified as lev.l 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose lev.ls below 70 mg/dL and can be effectiv.ly addressed through carbohydrate *** hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose lev.ls less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk.if left *** with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.

关键词： impaired intak. critical

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Cortical hem signaling center: functions, dev.lopment, and potential implications for ev.lution and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1079-1080页

作者： v.ctor v.Chizhik.v.Igor Y.Isk.snyk. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Dev.lopment of the telencephalon relies upon sev.ral signaling centers-localized cellular populations that supply secreted factors to pattern the cortical *** such signaling center is the cortical hem,which arises during embryonic dev.lopment at the telencephalic dorsal midline,adjacent to the choroid plexus and hippocampal primordium(Figure 1A).While the cortical hem has also been described in reptiles and birds,most of our k.owledge about the dev.lopmental roles of the cortical hem is deriv.d from the analysis in *** cortical hem produces sev.ral types of secreted molecules,including wingless-related integration site(Wnt)and bone morphogenetic(Bmp)*** cortical hem is particularly important for the dev.lopment of the hippocampus,which is inv.lv.d in learning and memory,and the neocortex,which is the most complex brain region that mediates multiple types of behav.or and higher cognitiv. functions(Mangale et al.,2008;Dal-v.lle-Anton and Borrell,2022).

关键词： epithelium Figure center

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Comparison of RSM with ANN in predicting tensile strength of friction stir welded AA7039 aluminium alloy joints

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第1期19卷 9-18页

作者： A. k. LAk.HMINARAYANAN v. BALASUBRAMANIAN Centre for Materials Joining ＆ Research （CEMAJOR） Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar-608 002 Tamil Nadu India

磨擦搅动(FSW ) 焊接是一种创新稳固的州的加入技术并且在太空，栏杆，为加入铝的汽车、海洋的工业，镁，锌和铜被采用了合金。FSW 过程参数象工具那样旋转速度，焊接速度，轴的力量，在决定焊接质量起一个主要作用。二个方法，反应表... 详细信息

磨擦搅动(FSW ) 焊接是一种创新稳固的州的加入技术并且在太空，栏杆，为加入铝的汽车、海洋的工业，镁，锌和铜被采用了合金。FSW 过程参数象工具那样旋转速度，焊接速度，轴的力量，在决定焊接质量起一个主要作用。二个方法，反应表面方法论和人工的神经网络被用来预言磨擦的张力的强度搅动焊接 AA7039 铝合金。实验基于三个因素被进行，三水平、中央的合成的脸与完整的复制技术集中了设计，并且数学模型被开发。敏感分析被执行识别批评参数。通过反应表面方法论获得的结果与通过人工的神经网络的那些相比。

关键词：搅拌摩擦焊铜铝合金 AA7039 拉伸性能

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Tensile and Impact Properties of Shielded Metal Arc Welded AISI 409M Ferritic Stainless Steel Joints

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2009年第2期25卷 181-186页

作者： k. Shanmugam A.k. Lak.hminarayanan v. Balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu India

The present study is concerned with the effect of filler metals such as austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel on tensile and impact properties of the ferritic stainless steel conforming to AISI 409M grade. Rolled plates of 4 mm thick.ess were used as the base material for preparing single pass butt welded joints. Tensile and impact properties, microhardness, microstructure and fracture surface morphology of the joints fabricated by austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel filler metals were ev.luated and the results were reported. From this inv.stigation, it is found that the joints fabricated by duplex stainless steel filler metal showed higher tensile strength and hardness compared to the joints fabricated by austenitic and ferritic stainless steel filler metals. Joints fabricated by austenitic stainless steel filler metal exhibited higher ductility and impact toughness compared with the joints fabricated by ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel filler metals.

关键词： Ferritic stainless steel Shielded metal arc welding Tensile properties Impact toughness

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3D couette flow of dusty fluid with transpiration cooling

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Journal of Zhejiang Univ.rsity-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第2期8卷 313-322页

作者： GOv.NDARAJAN A. RAMAMURTHY v. SUNDARAMMAL k. DepartmentofMathematics SRMUniv.rsity Kattankulathur603203India

The couette dusty flow between two horizontal parallel porous flat plates with transv.rse sinusoidal injection of the dusty fluid at the stationary plate and its corresponding remov.l by constant suction through the plate in uniform motion was analyzed. Due to this type of injection v.locity the dusty flow becomes 3D. Perturbation method is used to obtain the expressions for the v.locity and temperature fields of both the fluid and dust. It was found that the v.locity profiles of both the fluid and dust in the main flow direction decrease with the increase of the mass concentration of the dust particles, and those in cross flow direction increase with an increase in the mass concentration of the dust particles up to the middle of the channel and thereafter decrease with increase in mass concentration of the dust particles. The sk.n friction components Tx and Tz in the main flow and transv.rse directions respectiv.ly increase with an increase in the mass concentration of the dust particles (or) injection parameter. The heat transfer coefficient decreases with the increase of the injection parameter and increases with the increase in the mass concentration of the dust particles.

关键词： Couette dusty flow 3D Transpiration cooling Transv.rse sinusoidal Injection/suction Dusty fluid Mass concentration Relaxation time

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