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Color and behav.or differently predict competitiv. outcomes for div.rgent stickleback color morphs

Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 115-123页

作者： Robin M. TINGHITELLA Whitley R. LEHTO v. faith lierheimer Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver 2199 S. University Blvd Denver CO 80208 USA

Our knowledge of how male competition contributes to speciation is dominated by inv.stigations of competition between within-species morphs or closely related species that differ in conspicuous traits expressed during the breeding season （e.g. color, song）. In such studies, it is important to consider the manner in which putativ.ly sexually selected traits influence the outcome of competitiv. interactions within and between types because these traits can communicate information about competitor quality and may not be utilized by homotypic and heterotypic receiv.rs in the same way. We studied the roles of breeding color and aggressiv. behav.ors in competition within and between two div.rgent threes- pine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus color types. Our prev.ous work in this system showed that the switch from red to black breeding coloration is associated with changes in male competition biases. Here, we find that red and black males also use different currencies in competition. Winners of both color types performed more aggressiv. behav.ors than losers, regardless of whether the competitor was of the same or opposite color type. But breeding color differently predicted competitiv. outcomes for red and black males. Males who were redder at the start of competition were more likely to win when paired with homotypic competitors and less likely to win when paired with heterotypic competitors. In contrast, black color, though expressed in the breeding season and condition dependent, was unrelated to competitiv. outcomes. Placing questions about the role of male competition in speciation in a sexual signal ev.lution framework may prov.de insight into the ＂why and how＂ of aggression biases and asymmetries in competitiv. ability between closely related morphs and species.

关键词： male competition speciation sexual signal color threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus

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