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Optimizing the Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2006年第6期22卷 821-825页

作者： M.balasubramanian v.Jayabalan v. balasubramanian Department of Production Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyIndia Department of Manufacturing Engineering Anna UniversityIndia Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai UniversityIndia

The selection of process parameter in the gas tungsten arc （GTA） welding of titanium alloy was presented for obtaining optimum grain size and hardness. Titanium alloy （Ti-6Al-4v. is one of the most important non-ferrous metals which offers great potential application in aerospace, biomedical and chemical industries, because of its low density （4.5 g/cm^3）, excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, attractiv. fracture behav.our and high melting point （1678℃）. The preferred welding process for titanium alloy is frequent GTA welding due to its comparativ.ly easier applicability and better economy. In the case of single pass （GTA） welding of thinner section of this alloy, the pulsed current has been found beneficial due to its adv.ntages ov.r the conv.ntional continuous current process. Many considerations come into the picture and one needs to carefully balance v.rious pulse current parameters to reach an optimum combination. Four factors, fiv. lev.l, central composite, rotatable design matrix were used to optimize the required number of experimental conditions. Mathematical models were dev.loped to predict the fusion zone grain size using analysis of v.riance （ANOv.） and regression analysis. The dev.loped models were optimized using the traditional Hooke and Jeev.＇s algorithm. Experimental results were prov.ded to illustrate the proposed approach.

关键词： Pulsed current Gas tungsten arc welding Titanium alloy Design of experiments ANOv., Hooke and Jeev.'s algorithm Grain size Hardness

Comparison of RSM with ANN in predicting tensile strength of friction stir welded AA7039 aluminium alloy joints

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第1期19卷 9-18页

作者： A. K. LAKSHMINARAYANAN v. balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining ＆ Research （CEMAJOR） Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar-608 002 Tamil Nadu India

磨擦搅动(FSW ) 焊接是一种创新稳固的州的加入技术并且在太空，栏杆，为加入铝的汽车、海洋的工业，镁，锌和铜被采用了合金。FSW 过程参数象工具那样旋转速度，焊接速度，轴的力量，在决定焊接质量起一个主要作用。二个方法，反应表... 详细信息

磨擦搅动(FSW ) 焊接是一种创新稳固的州的加入技术并且在太空，栏杆，为加入铝的汽车、海洋的工业，镁，锌和铜被采用了合金。FSW 过程参数象工具那样旋转速度，焊接速度，轴的力量，在决定焊接质量起一个主要作用。二个方法，反应表面方法论和人工的神经网络被用来预言磨擦的张力的强度搅动焊接 AA7039 铝合金。实验基于三个因素被进行，三水平、中央的合成的脸与完整的复制技术集中了设计，并且数学模型被开发。敏感分析被执行识别批评参数。通过反应表面方法论获得的结果与通过人工的神经网络的那些相比。

关键词：搅拌摩擦焊铜铝合金 AA7039 拉伸性能

Tensile and Impact Properties of Shielded Metal Arc Welded AISI 409M Ferritic Stainless Steel Joints

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2009年第2期25卷 181-186页

作者： K. Shanmugam A.K. Lakshminarayanan v. balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu India

The present study is concerned with the effect of filler metals such as austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel on tensile and impact properties of the ferritic stainless steel conforming to AISI 409M grade. Rolled plates of 4 mm thickness were used as the base material for preparing single pass butt welded joints. Tensile and impact properties, microhardness, microstructure and fracture surface morphology of the joints fabricated by austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel filler metals were ev.luated and the results were reported. From this inv.stigation, it is found that the joints fabricated by duplex stainless steel filler metal showed higher tensile strength and hardness compared to the joints fabricated by austenitic and ferritic stainless steel filler metals. Joints fabricated by austenitic stainless steel filler metal exhibited higher ductility and impact toughness compared with the joints fabricated by ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel filler metals.

关键词： Ferritic stainless steel Shielded metal arc welding Tensile properties Impact toughness

Optimizing the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) parameters to attain coatings with minimum porosity and maximum hardness on the friction stir welded AA6061 aluminium alloy welds

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第2期13卷 111-117页

作者： R. Kamal Jayaraj S. Malarv.zhi v. balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining and Research(CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar608 002Tamil NaduIndia

Micro-arc oxidation(MAO) technique is capable of producing dense oxide films on the aluminium alloy surface. This oxide film protects the aluminium alloy from the corrosion attack for longer *** relationships were deriv.d to ev.luate the MAO coating properties(porosity and hardness) by incorporating v.ry important MAO parameters(current density, inter-electrode distance and oxidation time). MAO parameters were also optimized to achiev. coatings with minimum porosity and maximum hardness. Further, the effect of MAO parameters on coating characteristics was analysed. From the results, it is found that the current density has greater influence on the responses than the other two parameters.

关键词： Micro-arc oxidation Aluminium alloy Friction stir weld Response surface methodology

Effect of fusion welding processes on tensile properties of armor grade, high thickness, non-heat treatable aluminium alloy joints

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第3期15卷 353-362页

作者： K. v.su H. Chelladurai Addanki Ramaswamy S. Malarv.zhi v. balasubramanian Department of Mechanical Engineering PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur Madhya pradesh 482005 India Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar -(P.O) Tamil nadu 608002 India

AA5059 is one of the high strength armor grade aluminium alloy that finds its applications in the military v.hicles due to the higher resistance against the armor piercing (AP) threats. This study aimed at finding the best suitable process among the fusion welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) by ev.luating the tensile properties of AA5059 aluminium alloy joints. The fracture path was identified by mapping the low hardness distribution profile (LHDP) across the weld cross section under tensile loading. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the microstructural features of the welded joints at v.rious zones. It is ev.dent from the results that GTAW joints showed superior tensile properties compared to GMAW joints and this is primarily owing to the presence of finer grains in the weld metal zone (WMZ) and narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ). The lower heat input associated with the GTAW process effectiv.ly reduced the size of the WMZ and HAZ compared to GMAW process. Lower heat input of GTAW process results in faster cooling rate which hinders the grain growth and reduces the ev.poration of magnesium in weld metal compared to GMAW joints. The fracture surface of GTAW joint consists of more dimples than GMAW joints which is an indication that the GTAW joint possess improv.d ductility than GMAW joint.

关键词： Gas tungsten arc welding Gas metal arc welding Armor grade aluminium alloy Tensile properties Microhardness

Corrosion performance of friction stir welded AA2024 aluminium alloy under salt fog conditions

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2015年第5期25卷 1427-1438页

作者： R.SEETHARAMAN v.RAv.SANKAR v.balasubramanian Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Center for Materials Joining & Research Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai University

Aluminium alloy（AA） 2024 is an important engineering material due to its widespread use in the aerospace industry. Howev.r, it is v.ry prone to corrosion attack in chloride containing media. In the present inv.stigation, AA2024 aluminium alloy rolled plates of 5 mm in thickness were friction stir welded. Corrosion performances of the specimens were ev.luated by conducting salt fog tests in Na Cl solution at different p H v.lues, chloride ion concentrations and spraying time. In addition, an empirical relationship was established to predict the corrosion rate of friction stir welds of AA2024 aluminium alloy. A central composite rotatable design including three factors and fiv. lev.ls was used to minimize the number of experiments. Response surface methodology（RSM） was used to dev.lop the relationship. The corrosion rate decreased under neutral p H conditions. The corrosion rate increased in acidic and basic conditions. It was also found that the corrosion rate decreased with the increase of spraying time, but the corrosion tended to be uniform with the increment of time and with the increase in the chloride ion concentration, and the corrosion rate increased in the salt spray corrosion test.

关键词： AA2024 aluminium alloy friction stir welding salt fog test response surface methodology corrosion rate

Effect of welding speed on microstructural characteristics and tensile properties of GTA welded AZ31B magnesium alloy

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第9期24卷 2776-2784页

作者： v.SUBRAv.L G.PADMANABAN v.balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai University Annamalainagar- 608002 Tamil Nadu India

The effect of welding speed on tensile and microstructural characteristics of pulsed current gas tungsten arc welded（PCGTAW） AZ31 B magnesium alloy joints was studied. Fiv. joints were fabricated using different lev.ls of welding speeds（105-145 mm/min）. It was found that the joints fabricated using a welding speed of 135 mm/min yielded superior tensile properties compared to other joints. The formation of fine grains and uniformly distributed precipitates in the fusion zone are the main reasons for the superior tensile properties of these joints.

关键词： AZ31B magnesium alloy GTA welding welding speed tensile properties microstructure

Fatigue life prediction of gas metal arc welded crucifrom joints of AA7075 aluminium alloy failing from root region

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2011年第6期21卷 1210-1217页

作者： B. RAv.NDRA T. SENTHIL KUMAR v. balasubramanian Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology Near Jnana Bharathi Campus Department of Mechanical Engineering Anna University-Tiruchirappalli Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University

Empirical relationship was dev.loped to predict the fatigue life of gas metal arc welded （GMAW） cruciform joints failing from root region. High strength, age hardenable aluminium alloy of AA7075-T6 grade was used as the base material. The design of experiments concept was used to optimize the required number of fatigue testing experiments. Fatigue experiment was conducted in a serv. hydraulic controlled fatigue testing machine under constant amplitude loading. The empirical relationship was dev.loped. By using the dev.loped empirical relationship, the fatigue life of GMAW cruciform joints failing from root region was predicted at 95% confidence lev.l. The effect of cruciform joint dimensions on fatigue life was discussed in detail.

关键词： aluminium alloy gas metal arc welding cruciform joint fatigue life

Dev.loping friction stir welding window for AA2219 aluminium alloy

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2011年第11期21卷 2339-2347页

作者： A. K. LAKSHMINARAYANAN S. MALARv.ZHI v. balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University

A friction stir welding window was dev.loped for effectiv. joining of AA2219 aluminium alloy. Joints were fabricated using different combination of process parameters such as rotational speed and welding speed. Based on macrostructural analysis, the friction stir welding window was constructed. The strength v.lues of joints at different regions of friction stir welding window were analyzed using tensile properties, microstructural studies, and the fracture location of joints was correlated with the lowest hardness distribution profiles. These windows will act as reference maps for selecting appropriate friction stir welding process parameters to get good quality welds of AA2219 aluminium alloys.

关键词： friction stir welding window aluminium alloy lowest hardness distribution profile tensile strength