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Filter Efficiency with Red Rock as Post-Treatment of Stabilization Pond Effluent, Prototype Case Study San Marcos, Carazo, from April to September 2019

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第5期12卷 806-817页

作者： víctor rogelio tirado picado American University (UAM) Managua Nicaragua

An experimental unit was built which was located in the vicinity of the domestic wastewater treatment plant of the Municipality of San Marcos in the Department of Carazo. Said unit consisted of two welded metal barrels with a total height of 1.8 m and a diameter of 0.90 m, likewise, this unit comprised three functional zones;the first or input area composed of a collection unit, a driving unit, a flow control unit, and two distribution units;the second or packed zone, which is the axis of the system because it is there where bacterial growth takes place and where the removal of organic matter takes place;and an outlet composed of PvC pipe [1]. The main objective of this work was to determine how efficient a rocky filter turns out to be, using stabilization pond effluent as a post-treatment unit using red concrete as a filter medium. The study consisted in carrying out laboratory tests on water samples taken from the influent and effluent of a filter made up of red rock, as a filter medium, in order to determine the percentage of organic matter removal efficiency that it has used a hydraulic retention time of 19 hours, 15 hours, and 12 hours [2]. Among the aspects to be considered in the experimental study was the characterization of the effluent from the treatment system of San Marco, Carazo, to determine the quality of water that will be of interest to the study [3]. In this stage, four composite samplings were carried out, two of 12 hours and two of 24 hours, in which physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were analyzed. Likewise, to determine the efficiency of the filter, the same parameters considered in the characterization of the lagoon effluent were analyzed, obtaining removal efficiencies of up to 55.53% in organic matter, and 64.60% in suspended solids for a hydraulic retention time of 19 hours;In the same way, the efficiency of the filter was carried out for retention times of 15 hours and 12 hours, in which organic matter removals of 67.84% an

关键词： Design Filter Flow Flocs Transport Water Quality

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Modeling Study of the Evolution of the Climate Crisis over Time

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 330-342页

作者： victor rogelio tirado picado Directorate of Research and University Extension American University (UAM) Managua Nicaragua

The research proposal has the following scope. In relation to the general objective, the aim is to model the evolution of the climate crisis over time taking as variables global warming, greenhouse gases, atmospheric temperature and ocean temperature, as well as the continuity of the natural phenomena in terms of their measurement, temporality and projection. To achieve the above, the description of the following specific objectives is proposed: - Identify the variables corresponding to the climate crisis, their relationship and correlation between them;- Develop projection models with mathematical and statistical arrangements to project them in a given time and, in this way, - Propose mitigation measures for different unfavorable scenarios. The main variables that are currently directly linked to Climate Change are: CO2, the atmospheric index, precipitation, temperature and wind speed. The correlation that exists between climatic elements is very high, both in historical behavior and projected behavior for 2035, their correlation is estimated at 0.90, 0.95, 0.93 and 91 respectively. The mathematical models used to manipulate the historical and projected analysis of the variables studied: are the normal arrangements, this ensures that the values can be used on a common scale;Then there is the analysis of the historical variables using the linear trend, and finally there is the analysis of the variables projected to the year 2035 using the polynomial trend. In both situations, the direct relationship of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2, is directly related to the variations of the variables over time, which is a very worrying result because we can no longer talk about climate change, but rather about CLIMATE CRISIS. To a large extent, a change in the paradigm of exploitation of the resources of our mother earth is required. Alert in an SOS manner to the great powers, which make reasonable use of technology, for this attenuation measures are proposed

关键词： Climate Crisis Model Climatic Factors Evolution Temperature

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Analysis of Meteorological Factors and Atmospheric Index NAO and ONI in the Year 2020 for, Managua, Nicaragua

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第7期12卷 1128-1140页

作者： victor rogelio tirado picado Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University UAM Managua Nicaragua

The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the analysis of the relationship between the occurrence of disasters, the level of development, and the need for a style of sustainable development as a framework strategy for comprehensive risk management. On this occasion, the atmospheric parameters of the ONI and the NAO, which are the atmospheric indices that affect hydrometeorological factors, were analyzed. In order to forecast future events, in possible scenarios of changes in temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and evapotranspiration, the research work is motivated to mitigate the possible negative natural effects on the daily life of the Nicaraguan population.

关键词： Climate Change Risk Management Relative Humidity Hurricanes Earthquakes

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Calibration of the Infiltration Rate Curve from the LN Trend Line at Eight Sites of Interest, Based on Infiltration Tests Carried out

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第7期12卷 1098-1115页

作者： victor rogelio tirado picado Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University UAM Managua Nicaragua

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that a calibration curve can be obtained that can be used for any infiltration test, with the double ring method, as well as an equation that helps speed up data processing. The experimentation was carried out in eight points in Nicaragua, of which five were distributed in Managua and three in Rivas-Nandaime. These results can be used for purposes of other studies of interest. As a result, a calibration curve is obtained, and an expression equal to is deduced, which will be the equation to determine the average infiltration of a field test occupying the double ring, for a total of 7 hours. And it is from the result that the texture of the soil can be determined by means of the indicator table. The basic methodology allowed analyzing the data since they are obtained, processed and analyzed, resulting in the calibration curve for infiltration tests. Finally, an equation was determined from the averages of the processed data, resulting in a correlation of 0.9976, above 0.5, which means it is very high and reliable.

关键词： Double Ring Infiltration Calibration Logarithmic Curve Data Adjustment

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Determination of the Storage or Porosity Coefficient Using the Natural Logarithm Curve by Means of in Situ Measurements

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第5期13卷 672-684页

作者： victor rogelio tirado picado The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture The American University UAM Managua Nicaragua

The relevance of studying the storage coefficient variable brings with it the updating of this value in the hydraulic characteristics as part of the hydrogeological parameters applied to each country, where recommended values for the storage coefficient to be used in hydrogeological studies are presented. And the application of a methodology adapted to the conditions of each country, is done under current conditions resulting in reference values. For this research work, an adequate methodology was sought for calculating the storage coefficient with a natural logarithm (LN) arrangement. To achieve this, first, the variables that affect the storage coefficient were identified, then the model was described with the natural logarithm (LN) arrangement, and as a third point the storage coefficient was calculated. In conclusion, in points 1 and 2 it was possible to calculate the storage coefficient from the Natural Logarithm arrangement model, with a correlation equal to R2 = 0.99, and R2 = 0.97 respectively, indicating that this method can be applied as long as there is free aquifer conditions and that manipulation of data alteration is not frequent.

关键词： Hydrogeology Storage Coefficient Transmissibility Drawdown Natural Logarithm

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Hydrogeological Comparison of Three Wells with a Basin Approach in the Nandaime-Rivas Aquifer, 2021

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第7期12卷 1141-1151页

作者： victor rogelio tirado picado Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University UAM Managua Nicaragua

In general, the content of this study is aimed at presenting a comparative analysis of the hydrogeological results of three underground sources. The points or sources of analysis are the Dolores 01, Dolores 02 and Mecatepillo wells, which are registered at the following coordinates: East 610561, North 1292576, East 610234, North 1293090, East 611482, North 1293881, respectively, according to the UTM WGS system 84 Zone 16N, the analysis is done with a basin approach in the Nandaime-Rivas aquifer. According to the above, bibliographic resources have been consulted that help to further understand the comparative criteria such as transmissibility, storage coefficient, a radius of influence and thickness of the aquifer, providing complementary and additional information.

关键词： Hydrogeology Well Transmissibility Hydraulic Conductivity Flow Rate Thickness Radius of Influence

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Methodology for the Calculation of the Runoff Coefficient with the Arrangement tirado

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第5期13卷 659-671页

作者： victor rogelio tirado picado Lisseth Carolina Blandón Chavarria The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture The American University UAM Managua Nicaragua The Department of Geography Faculty of Humanities National Autonomous University of Nicaragua Managua Nicaragua

For this research work, an adequate methodology was sought for the calculation of the runoff coefficient with the tirado arrangement. To achieve this, first, the variables that affect the runoff coefficient were identified, then the model was described with the tirado arrangement, and as a third part for the calculation of the runoff coefficient, the tirado model is proposed. From the theory for the calculation of the runoff coefficient, the equation of the weighted coefficients and the expression of Nadal were manipulated, resulting in the following relationship , considering this as the expression for the arrangement tirado. The expression is tested with different intensities, the magnitudes correspond to 150, 200, 250 and 300 mm/hrs, resulting in runoff coefficient 0.82, 0.87, 0.89, 0.91 respectively. This means that, the higher the intensity, the runoff coefficient will be higher, logically the characteristics of the basin affect that this coefficient has variation in the space studied.

关键词： Runoff Coefficient Land Use Soil Type Land Slope Nadal Rawls

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