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BotSward: Centrality Measures for Graph-Based Bot Detection Using Machine Learning

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 693-714页

作者： Khlood Shinan Khalid Alsubhi M.Usman ashraf Department of Computer Science College Computer Science in Al-LeithUmm Al-Qura UniversityMecca 21421Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science GC Women University SialkotPakistan

The number of botnet malware attacks on Internet devices has grown at an equivalent rate to the number of Internet devices that are connected to the *** detection using machine learning(ML)with flow-based features has been extensively studied in the *** flow-based detection methods involve significant computational overhead that does not completely capture network communication patterns that might reveal other features ofmalicious ***,Graph-Based Bot Detection methods using ML have gained attention to overcome these limitations,as graphs provide a real representation of network *** purpose of this study is to build a botnet malware detection system utilizing centrality measures for graph-based botnet detection and *** propose BotSward,a graph-based bot detection system that is based on *** apply the efficient centrality measures,which are Closeness Centrality(CC),Degree Centrality(CC),and PageRank(PR),and compare them with others used in the *** efficiency of the proposed method is verified on the available Czech Technical University 13 dataset(CTU-13).The CTU-13 dataset contains 13 real botnet traffic scenarios that are connected to a command-and-control(C&C)channel and that cause malicious actions such as phishing,distributed denial-of-service(DDoS)attacks,spam attacks,*** is robust to zero-day attacks,suitable for large-scale datasets,and is intended to produce better accuracy than state-of-the-art *** proposed BotSward solution achieved 99%accuracy in botnet attack detection with a false positive rate as low as 0.0001%.

关键词： Network security botnet detection graph-based features machine learning measure centrality

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Ameliorated effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis DSM 20076 and Pediococcus acidilactici NNRL B-5627 on Fumonisin B1-induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in rats

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第2期11卷 326-336页

作者： Amira A. Abdellatef ashraf A. Khalil Department of Protein Technology Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology City of Scientific Research and Technological ApplicationsBorg El-Arab

Oxidative stress has been implicated in a number of human regeneration and disease processes including atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, cancer, and different neurodegenerative *** aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis DSM 20076 (LL-DSM) and Pediococcus acidilactici NNRL B-5627 (PA-NNRL) against the hepatic-and nephro-toxicity of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in FB1-treated rats for an experimental period of 4-weeks. Eighty mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided to 12 groups: 1 untreated group;3 groups fed by a FB1-contaminated diet (50, 100 and 200 mg FB1/kg diet,respectively);1 group fed orally by LL-DSM(1 ml/d);1 group fed orally by PA-NNRL (1 ml/d);3 groups co-administered by FB1-contaminated diet and LL-DSM (1 ml/d), and 3 groups coadministered by FB1-contaminated diet and PA-NNRL(1 ml/d). Malonaldehyde (MDA) nitric oxide, glutathione content, SOD activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined. DPA assay was used to assess apoptosis in liver and kidney *** animals fed with FB1-contaminated diet showed a significant increase in oxidative stress markers and DNA fragmentation accompanied with significant decrease in GSH content, SOD activity, and TAC in liver and kidney tissues, especially at highdosage of FB1 (T200). Probiotics antioxidant strains (LL-DSM and PA-NNRL) relatively succeeded to restore almost all parameters investigated as well as to reduce DNA fragmentation in liver and kidney tissues. As a conclusion, probiotics may induce its protective role via increasing the antioxidant capacity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, scavenging of free radicals and decreasing DNA lesions in liver and kidney of experimental animals tested.

关键词： Fumonisin B1 Lactic acid bacteria Oxidative stress Antioxidant activity Lipid peroxidation Apoptosis

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Blockchain-Based Decentralized Authentication Model for IoT-Based E-Learning and Educational Environments

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 3133-3158页

作者： Osama A.Khashan Sultan Alamri Waleed Alomoush Mutasem K.Alsmadi Samer Atawneh usama Mir Research and Innovation Centers Rabdan AcademyP.O.Box 114646Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates College of Computing and Informatics Saudi Electronic UniversityRiyadh13316Saudi Arabia School of Information Technology Skyline University CollegeP.O.Box 1797SharjahUnited Arab Emirates Department of MIS College of Applied Studies and Community ServicesImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982DammamSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of WindsorWindsorN9J3Y1Canada

In recent times,technology has advanced significantly and is currently being integrated into educational environments to facilitate distance learning and interaction between *** the Internet of Things(IoT)into education can facilitate the teaching and learning process and expand the context in which students ***,learning data is very sensitive and must be protected when transmitted over the network or stored in data ***,the identity and the authenticity of interacting students,instructors,and staff need to be verified to mitigate the impact of ***,most of the current security and authentication schemes are centralized,relying on trusted third-party cloud servers,to facilitate continuous secure *** addition,most of these schemes are resourceintensive;thus,security and efficiency issues arise when heterogeneous and resource-limited IoT devices are being *** this paper,we propose a blockchain-based architecture that accurately identifies and authenticates learners and their IoT devices in a decentralized manner and prevents the unauthorized modification of stored learning records in a distributed university *** allows students and instructors to easily migrate to and join multiple universities within the network using their identity without the need for user *** proposed architecture was tested using a simulation tool,and measured to evaluate its *** simulation results demonstrate the ability of the proposed architecture to significantly increase the throughput of learning transactions(40%),reduce the communication overhead and response time(26%),improve authentication efficiency(27%),and reduce the IoT power consumption(35%)compared to the centralized authentication *** addition,the security analysis proves the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in resisting various attacks and ensuring the security requirements of learning data in the unive

关键词： Blockchain decentralized authentication Internet of Things(IoT) E-learning IoT security

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Generalized and Unified Families of Interpolating Subdivision Schemes

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2014年第2期7卷 193-213页

作者： Ghulam Mustafa Pakeeza ashraf Jiansong Deng Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of BahawalpurPakistan University of Science and Technology of China P.R.China

We present generalized and unified families of (2n)-point and (2n − 1)-point p-ary interpolating subdivision schemes originated from Lagrange polynomialfor any integers n ≥ 2 and p ≥ 3. Almost all existing even-point and odd-pointinterpolating schemes of lower and higher arity belong to this family of schemes. Wealso present tensor product version of generalized and unified families of *** error bounds between limit curves and control polygons of schemes arealso calculated. It has been observed that error bounds decrease when complexityof the scheme decrease and vice versa. Furthermore, error bounds decrease withthe increase of arity of the schemes. We also observe that in general the continuityof interpolating scheme do not increase by increasing complexity and arity of thescheme.

关键词： Interpolating subdivision scheme even-ary schemes odd-ary schemes Lagrange polynomial parameters error bounds tensor product

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Evaluation of Pakistan wheat germplasms for stripe rust resistance using molecular markers

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 1123-1134页

作者： Sobia TABASSUM Muhammad ashraf CHEN XianMing Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics International Islamic University NUST Centre of Virology and Immunology National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)(Pakistan) USDA-ARS and Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University

Wheat production in Pakistan is seriously constrained due to rust diseases and stripe rust (yellow) caused by Puccinia striiformis ***,which could limit *** development and cultivation of genetically diverse and resistant varieties is the most sustainable solution to overcome these *** first objective of the present study was to evaluate 100 Pakistan wheat cultivars that have been grown over the past 60 *** cultivars were inoculated at the seedling stage with two virulent stripe rust isolates from the United States and two from *** of the wheat cultivars were resistant to all tested stripe rust isolates,and 16% of cultivars were susceptible to the four isolates at the seedling *** data indicated that none of the Pakistan wheat cultivars contained either Yr5 or Yr15 genes that were considered to be effective against most *** *** isolates from around the *** Pakistan wheat cultivars may have gene Yr10,which is effective against isolate PST-127 but ineffective against *** is also possible that these cultivars may have other previously unidentified genes or gene *** second objective was to evaluate the 100 Pakistan wheat cultivars for stripe rust resistance during natural epidemics in Pakistan and Washington State,*** was found that a higher frequency of resistance was present under field conditions compared with greenhouse *** genotypes (30% of germplasms) were found to have a potentially high temperature adult plant (HTAP) *** third objective was to determine the genetic diversity in Pakistan wheat germplasms using molecular *** study was based on DNA fingerprinting using resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) marker *** highest polymorphism detected with RGAP primer pairs was 40%,50% and 57% with a mean polymorphism of 36%.A total of 22 RGAP markers were obtained in this ***,simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequen

关键词： field evaluation genetic diversity greenhouse evaluation Pakistan wheat germplasms stripe rust

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Transient analysis of a three-layer microbeam subjected to electric potential

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2017年第1期8卷 20-40页

作者： Mohammad Arefi ashraf M.Zenkour Department of Solid Mechanics Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of KashanKashanIran Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt

In this paper,free vibration,wave propagation,and bending analyses of a sandwich microbeam integrated with piezoelectric face-sheets resting on Pasternak foundation under electric potential are presented based on the strain gradient theory and Euler–Bernoulli beam *** material properties of core are assumed variable along the thickness direction and piezoelectric face-sheets are assumed homogeneous piezoelectric materials.A two-dimensional electric potential distribution along the axial and transverse direction is applied on the face-sheets of *** principal is used to derive governing differential equations of *** behaviors of sandwich microbeam including free vibration,wave propagation,and bending analyses are studied in this *** numerical results are presented to capture the effect of important parameters of the problem such as in-homogeneous index,applied voltage,parameters of foundation,and material length *** numerical results indicate that the effect of electric potential along the axial direction is very small rather than one along the transverse direction where initial voltage is applied.

关键词： Euler–Bernoulli three-layer microbeam free vibration wave propagation electric potential applied voltage

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Energy-Efficient UAVs Coverage Path Planning Approach

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第9期136卷 3239-3263页

作者： Gamil Ahmed Tarek Sheltami ashraf Mahmoud Ansar Yasar Computer Engineering Department Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Mobility and LogisticsKing Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Transportation Research Institute(IMOB) Hasselt UniversityHasselt3500Belgium

Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),commonly known as drones,have drawn significant consideration thanks to their agility,mobility,and flexibility *** play a crucial role in modern reconnaissance,inspection,intelligence,and surveillance *** path planning(CPP)which is one of the crucial aspects that determines an intelligent system’s quality seeks an optimal trajectory to fully cover the region of interest(ROI).However,the flight time of the UAV is limited due to a battery limitation and may not cover the whole region,especially in large ***,energy consumption is one of the most challenging issues that need to be *** this paper,we propose an energy-efficient coverage path planning algorithm to solve the CPP *** objective is to generate a collision-free coverage path that minimizes the overall energy consumption and guarantees covering the whole *** do so,the flight path is optimized and the number of turns is reduced to minimize the energy *** proposed approach first decomposes the ROI into a set of cells depending on a UAV camera ***,the coverage path planning problem is formulated,where the exact solution is determined using the CPLEX *** small-scale problems,the CPLEX shows a better solution in a reasonable ***,the CPLEX solver fails to generate the solution within a reasonable time for large-scale ***,to solve the model for large-scale problems,simulated annealing forCPP is *** results show that heuristic approaches yield a better solution for large-scale problems within amuch shorter execution time than the CPLEX ***,we compare the simulated annealing against the greedy *** results show that simulated annealing outperforms the greedy algorithm in generating better solution quality.

关键词： Coverage path planning MILP CPLEX solver energy model optimization region of interest area of interest

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Environmental degradation and poverty:A bibliometric review

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第4期2卷 324-336页

作者： Muhammad Ali Khan BURKI Umar BURKI usama NAJAM Department of Economics University of OsloOslo0316Norway University of South-Eastern Norway School of Business University of South-Eastern NorwayKongsberg3603Norway Department of Economics and Administration Oslo New University CollegeOslo0316Norway Department of Business Administration Air University IslamabadMultan60000Pakistan

Understanding the mutual logic between environment and poverty mitigation is vital for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).This study conducts a bibliometric review of the available literature on environmental degradation and poverty and summarizes the existing *** applying suitable keywords,we retrieved 175 peer-reviewed articles from the Web of Science published between 1993 and *** utilized the visualization of similarity viewer(VOSviewer)for this bibliometric study and classified the leading publications,prominent journals,and ***,our bibliometric review found a phenomenon in investigation that people are indifference about the impact of environmental degradation on rising poverty levels in poor and developing *** terms of contributions,this study classifies 4 leading thematic clusters that identify how environmental degradation increases *** employing text mining analysis,this research connects specific environmental terms accountable for the recent rise in global *** finally recommend that including other databases to strengthen the findings of environmental degradation and poverty is one of the future research directions.

关键词： Environmental degradation Poverty Bibliometric review Co-occurrence analysis Thematic clusters Network visualization

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An evolutionarily conserved nitrate sensor inplants

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Molecular Plant 2022年第11期15卷 1652-1653页

作者： M.Arif ashraf Stavroula Fili Department of Biology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA Plant Biology Program University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Nitrogen availability in plant tissues triggers transcriptomic responses that affect not only nitrate homeostasis but also metabolic,hormonal,and developmental processes(Wang et al.,2018).The ability to sense extracellular nitrate has been attributed to the characterized nitrate transceptor NRT1.1(CHL1/NPF6.3);however,null chl1-5 mutants are not entirely impaired in the primary nitrogen response,suggesting that there might be other sensors that act independently(Wang et al.,2018).Furthermore,the calcium-sensor protein kinases(CPKs)responsible for transducing nitrate signaling downstream,even when constitutively activated,still require the presence of nitrate(Liu et al.,2017),indicating an additional nitrate-sensing mechanism.

关键词： mechanism nitrate entirely

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Hydrological Response to Environment Change in Himalayan Watersheds: Assessment from Integrated Modeling Approach

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 972-982页

作者： Zulfiqar AHMAD Arshad ashraf Muhammad ZAHEER Humaira BASHIR Department of Earth Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University National Agricultural Research Center China University of Geosciences School of Environmental Studies

Land use changes such as deforestation,increase in cropping or grazing areas and built-up land, likely modify the water balance and land surface behavior in the Himalayan *** integrated approach of hydrological and hydraulic modeling was adopted for comparative analysis of hydrological pattern in three Himalayan watersheds ***,Rawal and Simly situated in the Northern territory of *** rainfall-runoff model SWAT- Soil and water assessment tool and Hydro CAD were calibrated for the selected *** correlation analysis of the precipitation data of two climate stations *** and Islamabad, with the discharge data of three rivers was utilized to select best suitable input precipitation data for Hydro CAD rainfall-runoff *** peak flood hydrograph were generated using Hydro CAD runoff to optimize the basin parameters like CN, runoff volume, peak flows of the three *** hydrological response of the Rawal watershed was studied as a case study to different scenarios of land use change using SWAT *** scenario of high deforestation indicated a decline of about 6.3% in the groundwater recharge tostream while increase of 7.1% in the surface runoff has been observed under the scenario of growth in urbanization in the recent *** integrated modeling approach proved helpful in investigating the hydrological behavior under changing environment at watershed level in the Himalayan region.

关键词： Hydrological modeling Deforestation Soan River Simly Khanpur watershed Land use

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