检索结果-南通市图书馆

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第1期50卷 76-83页

作者： urs schmidhalter Chair of Plant Nutrition Technical University of MunichFreising D-85350Germany

Leaf growth in grasses is determined by the cell division and elongation rates, with the duration of cell elongation being one of the processes that is the most sensitive to salinity. Our objective was to investigate the distribution profiles of cell production, cell length and the duration of cell elongation in the growing zone of the wheat leaf during the steady growth phase. Plants were grown in loamy soil with or without 120 mmollL NaCI in a growth chamber, and harvested at day 3 after leaf 4 emerged. Results show that the elongation rate of leaf 4 was reduced by t20 mmollL NaCI during the steady growth phase. The distribution profile of the lengths of abaxial epidermal cells of leaf 4 during the steady growth stage shows a sigmoidal pattern along the leaf axis for both treatments. Although salinity did not affect or even increased the length of the epidermal cells in some locations in the growth zone compared to the control treatment, the final length of the epidermal cells was reduced by 14% at 120 mmollL NaCI. Thus, we concluded that the observed reduction in the leaf elongation rate derived in part from the reduced cell division rate and either the shortened cell elongation zone or shortened duration of cell elongation. This suggests that more attention should be paid to the effects of salinity on those properties of cell production and the period of cell maturation that are related to the properties of cell wall.

关键词： cell production epidermal cell length growth zone relative elemental growth rate salinity wheat.

Effect of Salinity on the Composition, Number and Size of Epidermal Cells along the Mature Blade of Wheat Leaves

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第7期49卷 1016-1023页

作者： Yuncai Hu urs schmidhalter Chair of Plant Nutrition Technical University of Munich D-85350 Freising Germany

Salinity inhibits leaf growth in association with changes in cell size. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distributions of the composition, number and dimensions of epidermal cells in the mature blades of leaf four of wheat seedlings under saline conditions. Plants were grown in loamy soil either with or without 120 mmol/L NaCl in a growth chamber, and harvested after leaf four was fully developed. The results of the spatial distribution analyses of width along the blade showed that salinity not only reduced the width of the leaf blade, but that it also altered the distribution pattern of blade width along the leaf axis. The reduction in the final size of the leaf blade was associated with a reduction in the total number of epidermal cells and in their widths and lengths. This study also revealed the spatial effects of salinity on the blade and epidermal cell dimensions along the leaf axis. In particular, salinity inhibited the total cell number for interstomatal, sister and elongated cells, implying that cell division in wheat leaves is inhibited by salinity. However, the lengths of interstomatal cells were not affected by salinity （unlike those for the sister and elongated cells）, suggesting the relative contributions of cell length and numbers to the reduction in the final length of the blade under salinity is dependent on cell type.

关键词： cell length cell number leaf epidermis salinity wheat.

Influence of Soil Organic Carbon on Greenhouse Gas Emission Potential After Application of Biogas Residues or Cattle Slurry:Results from a Pot Experiment

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Pedosphere 2017年第5期27卷 807-821页

作者： gawan heintze tim eickenscheidt urs schmidhalter matthias drsler university of applied sciences weihenstephan-triesdorf Chair of Vegetation Ecology 85354Freising(Germany) technical university of munich Chair of Plant Nutrition85354 Freising(Germany)

A change in the European Union energy policy has markedly promoted the expansion of biogas production. Consequently, large amounts of nutrient-rich residues are being used as organic fertilizers. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to simulate the high-risk situation of enhanced greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions following organic fertilizer application in energy maize cultivation. We hypothesized that cattle slurry application enhanced CO2 and N20 fluxes compared to biogas digestate because of the overall higher carbon （C） and nitrogen （N） input, and that higher levels of CO2 and N20 emissions could be expected by increasing soil organic C （SOC） and N contents. Biogas digestate and cattle slurry, at a rate of 150 kg NH＋-N ha-1, were incorporated into 3 soil types with low, medium, and high SOC contents （Cambisol, Mollic Gleysol, and Sapric Histosol, termed Clow, Cmedium, and Chigh, respectively）. The GHG exchange （CO2, CH4, and N20） was measured on 5 replicates over a period of 22 d using the closed chamber technique. The application of cattle slurry resulted in significantly higher CO2 and N20 fluxes compared to the application of biogas digestate. No differences were observed in CH4 exchange, which was close to zero for all treatments. Significantly higher CO2 emissions were observed in Chigh compared to the other two soil types, whereas the highest N20 emissions were observed in Cmedium. Thus, the results demonstrate the importance of soil type-adapted fertilization with respect to changing soil physical and environmental conditions.

关键词： C mineralization energy maize mineral soil N mineralization organic fertilization peatland

Assessing the Suitability of Various Physiological Traits to Screen Wheat Genotypes for Salt Tolerance

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第9期49卷 1352-1360页

作者： Salah E. EI-Hendawy Yuncai Hu urs schmidhalter Chair of Plant Nutrition Technical University Munich D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany Agronomy Department Faculty of Agriculture Suez Canal University Ismalia Egypt

Success of improving the salt tolerance of genotypes requires effective and reliable screening traits in breeding programs. The objective was to assess the suitability of various physiological traits to screen wheat genotypes for salt tolerance. Thirteen wheat genotypes from Egypt, Germany, Australia and India were grown in soil with two salinity levels （control and 150 mmol/L NaCI） in a greenhouse. The physiological traits （ion contents in leaves and stems, i.e. Na^＋, Cl^-, K^＋, Ca^2＋）, the ratios of K^＋/Na^＋ and Ca^＋/Na^＋ in the leaves and stems, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content （SPAD value）, and leaf water relations, were measured at different growth stages. The physiological traits except for Na^＋ and Cl^- in stems and the leaf transpiration rate at 150 mmol/L NaCI showed a significant genotypic variation, indicating that the traits that have a significant genotypic variation may be possibly used as screening criteria. According to the analysis of linear regression of the scores of the physiological traits against those of grain yield, however, the physiological traits of Ca^2＋ and Ca2^＋/Na^＋ at 45 d and final harvest with the greatest genotypic variation were ranked at the top. From a practical and economic point of view, SPAD value should be considered to be used as screening criteria and/or there is a need to develop a quick and practical approach to determine Ca^2＋ in plant tissues.

关键词： physiological traits salinity screening wheat genotypes.

基于光谱指数波段优化算法的小麦玉米冠层含氮量估测

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

光谱学与光谱分析 2016年第4期36卷 1150-1157页

作者：李丹李斐胡云才 Mistele Bodo urs schmidhalter 内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院呼和浩特内蒙古010019 Chair of Plant Nutrition Department of Plant SciencesTechnical University of Munich

作物关键生育时期冠层氮素含量的实时监测对于优化氮肥用量和减少环境风险具有重要的意义。为了寻求预测不同作物氮素含量的最佳光谱参数,实现作物氮素无损营养诊断。本研究通过2008年—2011年在德国慕尼黑弗莱辛和河北曲周的不同氮量... 详细信息

作物关键生育时期冠层氮素含量的实时监测对于优化氮肥用量和减少环境风险具有重要的意义。为了寻求预测不同作物氮素含量的最佳光谱参数,实现作物氮素无损营养诊断。本研究通过2008年—2011年在德国慕尼黑弗莱辛和河北曲周的不同氮量的小麦玉米田间试验,采用高光谱仪获取小麦玉米冠层的反射光谱,利用光谱理论模型进行光谱指数波段的优化,从而抽取不同冠层结构条件下的小麦玉米氮素营养敏感波段。结果表明与传统的基于红光的光谱指数相比,优化光谱指数显著提高了小麦玉米冠层氮素含量的预测能力,克服了传统的基于红光光谱指数的饱和问题。优化光谱指数的波段结合随着作物品种及其冠层结构的变化而变化,其优化波段范围主要集中在红边（730～760nm）和红边向近红外的过渡区域（760～880nm）。优化结果显示玉米最佳光谱指数为R_（λ766）/R_（λ738）-1,小麦最佳光谱指数为R_（λ796）/R_（λ760）-1,玉米小麦相结合优化后的最佳光谱指数为R_（λ876）/R_（λ730）-1。结果进一步验证了优化光谱指数估测的不同作物含氮量的预测值与实测值相关性最高,且验证偏差最小,证实了优化后的光谱特征参数可对不同作物氮素丰缺状况进行快速、准确、无损估测。试验结果也为设计作物冠层氮素传感器和更好的利用现有基于卫星的传感器实施区域上的作物氮素营养监测提供了理论基础。

关键词：含氮量光谱参数波段优化

Reply to Schnyder,Kavanova and Nelson

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第5期51卷 437-437页

作者： Yuncai Hu urs schmidhalter Chair of Plant Nutrition Technical University of Munich D-85350 Freising Germany

We agree with Schnyder et al. （2009） that ＂Cell division rates cannot be estimated with the continuity equation if independent measurements of displacement velocity and cell length distribution are not available＂. To our knowledge, there is still a lack of information on the effect of salinity on the cell division rate in the division zone of grass leaves in published reports. Based on the study of the salt effect on the epidermal cell number in the mature wheat leaves （Hu and schmidhalter 2007）, the results showed that, depending on the cell types, the total cell number in the abaxial epidermis was reduced by 16-23%. However,

关键词： cell divisioncontinuity equationwheat leavessalt

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欧洲SO2排放治理与含硫肥料需求的关系

生态产业科学与磷氟工程 2006年第2期21卷 70-73页

作者：胡云才 urs schmidhalter 慕尼黑工业大学生命科学研究中心植物营养研究所

自20世纪70年代末以来,欧洲不断加强对大气排放硫的治理,使得从大气中沉降到地面的硫日益减少,从而引起近年来欧洲较大范围内出现植物缺硫的现象和农业对含硫肥料需求的大幅增加。因此,欧洲的化肥行业除了增加传统的含硫肥料产量外,还... 详细信息

自20世纪70年代末以来,欧洲不断加强对大气排放硫的治理,使得从大气中沉降到地面的硫日益减少,从而引起近年来欧洲较大范围内出现植物缺硫的现象和农业对含硫肥料需求的大幅增加。因此,欧洲的化肥行业除了增加传统的含硫肥料产量外,还不断研究开发了许多含硫肥料的新品种。中国正在向工业化国家快速迈进,政府部门正在按照欧洲发达国家的标准积极治理排放到大气中的SO2,以便减少酸雨对环境的影响。因此,了解近年来欧洲SO2排放治理、含硫肥料需求和生产的变化情况以及它们之间的关系,将会有助于预测中国对硫肥的未来需求,以便正确指导硫肥工业的健康发展和硫肥的正确施用。

关键词： SO2排放硫肥欧洲

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

德国施肥法的特点和对我国的启示

生态产业科学与磷氟工程 2005年第3期20卷 6-8页

作者：胡云才,urs schmidhalter 慕尼黑工业大学生命科学研究中心植物营养研究所慕尼黑工业大学生命科学研究中心植物营养研究所德国慕尼黑德国慕尼黑

德国的施肥法将其肥料的施用依法规范。其主要特点是尽可能地提高肥料养分利用率和最大限度地避免因养分流失而造成的环境污染。中国当前过量施用肥料和低利用率而造成对环境污染日趋严重,应参考德国以立法来规范肥料施用的先进概念和... 详细信息

德国的施肥法将其肥料的施用依法规范。其主要特点是尽可能地提高肥料养分利用率和最大限度地避免因养分流失而造成的环境污染。中国当前过量施用肥料和低利用率而造成对环境污染日趋严重,应参考德国以立法来规范肥料施用的先进概念和管理办法,根据目前中国农业技术水平尽快推行施肥法规。

关键词：肥料养分有效利用率环境污染德国施肥法

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欧洲综合处理畜禽粪尿的工艺技术

生态产业科学与磷氟工程 2005年第6期20卷 80-83页

作者：胡云才,urs schmidhalter 慕尼黑工业大学生命科学研究中心植物营养研究所慕尼黑工业大学生命科学研究中心植物营养研究所德国德国

欧洲工业化养殖业的成功发展,使每年产生大量的畜禽粪便。近年来,许多欧洲国家政府积极资助对农场废物处理技术的研究开发,以达到保护环境、变废物为有利资源的目的。综合处理畜禽废物的生产工艺技术在欧洲已经逐渐流行起来,其特点是结... 详细信息

欧洲工业化养殖业的成功发展,使每年产生大量的畜禽粪便。近年来,许多欧洲国家政府积极资助对农场废物处理技术的研究开发,以达到保护环境、变废物为有利资源的目的。综合处理畜禽废物的生产工艺技术在欧洲已经逐渐流行起来,其特点是结合多种处理技术,主要适合于畜禽废物已引起严重污染的高密度养殖业地区。本文对欧洲具有一定代表性的综合处理畜禽废物工艺过程进行分析,以便我们了解欧洲综合处理畜禽废物工艺技术的特点、现状和发展趋势。

关键词：欧洲畜禽粪尿沼气有机肥料环境污染综合处理工艺

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欧盟磷肥需求持续下降的原因分析

生态产业科学与磷氟工程 2007年第6期22卷 74-76页

作者：胡云才 urs schmidhalter 慕尼黑工业大学生命科学研究中心植物营养研究所

欧盟过去30年对磷肥需求不断下降,与历史消费高峰的1979年相比降低了63%。分析磷肥需求下降原因,主要是:多年土壤磷素持续盈余;不断推出新的环境政策;可持续农业发展观以及磷再循环利用等。欧盟的一些做法对我国的磷肥工业发展有借鉴作用。

关键词：欧盟磷肥需求下降土壤磷素盈余环境政策再循环利用