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Comparison of the reaction of polar mesosphere winter echoes and polar mesosphere summer echoes to high-frequency heating in terms of modulated characteristics

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第2期7卷 247-256页

作者： Safi ullah HaiLong Li Abdur Rauf Shahid ullah Khan Sufyan ullah Khan ShuCan Ge Bin Wang MaoYan Wang Lin Meng School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Department of Physics Riphah International University Islamabad CampusIslamabad 45210Pakistan Department of Physics University of Science and Technology BannuBannu 28101Pakistan National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radiowave PropagationQingdao 266107China School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China

In this work,for the first time,we have analyzed and compared the responses of polar mesosphere winter echoes(PMWE)and their summer counterpart,polar mesosphere summer echoes(PMSE),to high-frequency(HF)heating in terms of modulated characteristics(i.e.,backscatter intensity reduction,recovery,and overshoot).Both PMWE and PMSE observations were from the same site(Tromsφ,Norway;69.6°N,19.2°E)and radar(EISCAT[European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association]very high frequency,224 MHz).The heating patterns of both PMWE and PMSE were found to be similar;however,PMSE was more greatly affected by HF *** mesosphere summer echoes showed recovery and overshoot more frequently than did *** addition,the mean recovery and overshoot of PMSE were greater than those of *** associated electron temperature enhancement was estimated for both PMWE and PMSE and showed that,compared with PMWE,the electron temperature enhancement was more significant in *** strong heating effects on PMSE may be due to the considerable increase in electron temperature.

关键词： polar mesosphere winter echo polar mesosphere summer echo electromagnetic wave heating experiment dusty plasma ionosphere

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CoCo-PBA/tetrabutylammonium bromide as highly efficient catalyst for CO_(2) and epoxides coupling reaction under mild conditions

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第2期33卷 1081-1086页

作者： Munir ullah Khan Saﬁr ullah Khan Jiraya Kiriratnikom Shah Zareen Xinghong Zhang MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230029China

The development of effective and low-energy-consumption catalysts for CO_(2)conversion into high-value-added products by constructing versatile active sites on the surface of heterogeneous compounds is an ur-gent and challenging *** this study,a stable and well-defined heterogeneous cobalt hexacyanocobal-tate(Co_(3)[Co(CN)_(6)]_(2)),typical cobalt Prussian blue analogue(CoCo-PBA)modified with tetrabutylammo-nium bromide(TBAB),is proven to be the superior catalyst for CO_(2)and epoxide coupling to produce cyclic carbonates with>99%yield under mild reaction conditions(1.0 MPa,65℃).Based on a series of characterizations,it is revealed that the CoCo-PBA structure can maintain relatively high thermal and chemical *** experiments exhibited that the CoCo-PBA system could retain 98%of the original activity after six reaction *** CoCo-PBA/TBAB catalytic system was also highly active for coupling CO_(2)with other industrial-grade *** results show the Co Co-PBA catalytic system potential flexibility and the generality of the catalyst preparation strategy.

关键词： CO_(2)conversion Cyclic carbonates Prussian blue analogue Heterogeneous catalysis Co_(3)[Co(CN)_(6)]_(2)

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SRResNet Performance Enhancement Using Patch Inputs and Partial Convolution-Based Padding

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2999-3014页

作者： Safi ullah Seong-Ho Song Division of Software Hallym University1 Hallymdaehak-gilChuncheonGangwon-doKorea Department of Information Technology University of GujratJalalpur Jattan RoadGujratPakistan

Due to highly underdetermined nature of Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)problem,deep learning neural networks are required to be more deeper to solve the problem *** of deep neural networks successful in the Super-Resolution(SR)problem is ResNet which can render the capability of deeper networks with the help of skip ***,zero padding(ZP)scheme in the network restricts benefits of skip connections in SRResNet and its performance as the ratio of the number of pure input data to that of zero padded data *** this *** consider the ResNet with Partial Convolution based Padding(PCP)instead of ZP to solve SR *** training of deep neural networks using patch images is advantageous in many aspects such as the number of training image data and network complexities,patch image based SR performance is compared with single full image based *** experimental results show that patch based SRResNet SR results are better than single full image based ones and the performance of deep SRResNet with PCP is better than the one with ZP.

关键词： Single image super-resolution SRResNet patch inputs zero padding partial convolution based padding

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An Automated and Real-time Approach of Depression Detection from Facial Micro-expressions

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2513-2528页

作者： Ghulam Gilanie Mahmood ul Hassan Mutyyba Asghar Ali Mustafa Qamar Hafeez ullah Rehan ullah Khan Nida Aslam Irfan ullah Khan Department of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of ComputingThe Islamia University of BahawalpurPakistan Department of Computer Skills Deanship of Preparatory YearNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Biophotonics Imaging Techniques Laboratory Institute of PhysicsThe Islamia University of BahawalpurPakistan Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia

Depression is a mental psychological disorder that may cause a physical disorder or lead to *** is highly impactful on the socialeconomical life of a person;therefore,its effective and timely detection is *** speech and gait,facial expressions have valuable clues to *** study proposes a depression detection system based on facial expression *** features have been used for depression detection using Support Vector Machine(SVM)and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).We extracted micro-expressions using Facial Action Coding System(FACS)as Action Units(AUs)correlated with the sad,disgust,and contempt features for depression detection.A CNN-based model is also proposed in this study to auto classify depressed subjects from images or videos in *** have been performed on the dataset obtained from Bahawal Victoria Hospital,Bahawalpur,Pakistan,as per the patient health questionnaire depression scale(PHQ-8);for inferring the mental condition of a *** experiments revealed 99.9%validation accuracy on the proposed CNN model,while extracted features obtained 100%accuracy on ***,the results proved the superiority of the reported approach over state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Depression detection facial micro-expressions facial landmarked images

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A Three-Dimensional Real-Time Gait-Based Age Detection System Using Machine Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 165-182页

作者： Muhammad Azhar Sehat ullah Khalil ullah Habib Shah Abdallah Namoun Khaliq Ur Rahman Department of Computer Science&IT University of MalakandChakdara18800Pakistan Department of Software Engineering University of MalakandChakdara18800Pakistan College of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computer and Information Systems Islamic University of MadinahMadinah42351Saudi Arabia Department of Statistics Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardan23200Pakistan

Human biometric analysis has gotten much attention due to itswidespread use in different research areas, such as security, surveillance,health, human identification, and classification. Human gait is one of the keyhuman traits that can identify and classify humans based on their age, gender,and ethnicity. Different approaches have been proposed for the estimation ofhuman age based on gait so far. However, challenges are there, for which anefficient, low-cost technique or algorithm is needed. In this paper, we proposea three-dimensional real-time gait-based age detection system using a machinelearning approach. The proposed system consists of training and testingphases. The proposed training phase consists of gait features extraction usingthe Microsoft Kinect (MS Kinect) controller, dataset generation based onjoints’ position, pre-processing of gait features, feature selection by calculatingthe Standard error and Standard deviation of the arithmetic mean and bestmodel selection using R2 and adjusted R2 techniques. T-test and ANOVAtechniques show that nine joints (right shoulder, right elbow, right hand, leftknee, right knee, right ankle, left ankle, left, and right foot) are statisticallysignificant at a 5% level of significance for age estimation. The proposedtesting phase correctly predicts the age of a walking person using the resultsobtained from the training phase. The proposed approach is evaluated on thedata that is experimentally recorded from the user in a real-time *** (50) volunteers of different ages participated in the experimental *** the limited features, the proposed method estimates the age with 98.0%accuracy on experimental images acquired in real-time via a classical generallinear regression model.

关键词： Age estimation gait biometrics classical linear regression model

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Robust Counting in Overcrowded Scenes Using Batch-Free Normalized Deep ConvNet

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第9期46卷 2741-2754页

作者： Sana Zahir Rafi ullah Khan Mohib ullah Muhammad Ishaq Naqqash Dilshad Amin ullah Mi Young Lee Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology(ICS/IT) The University of AgriculturePeshawar25130Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Collaborative Robotics and Intelligent Systems(CoRIS)Institute Oregon State UniversityORUSA Department of Software Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

The analysis of overcrowded areas is essential for flow monitoring,assembly control,and *** counting’s primary goal is to calculate the population in a given region,which requires real-time analysis of congested scenes for prompt reactionary *** crowd is always unexpected,and the benchmarked available datasets have a lot of variation,which limits the trained models’performance on unseen test *** this paper,we proposed an end-to-end deep neural network that takes an input image and generates a density map of a crowd *** proposed model consists of encoder and decoder networks comprising batch-free normalization layers known as evolving normalization(EvoNorm).This allows our network to be generalized for unseen data because EvoNorm is not using statistics from the training *** decoder network uses dilated 2D convolutional layers to provide large receptive fields and fewer parameters,which enables real-time processing and solves the density drift problem due to its large receptive *** benchmark datasets are used in this study to assess the proposed model,resulting in the conclusion that it outperforms conventional models.

关键词： Artificial intelligence deep learning crowd counting scene understanding

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Thermally stratified flow of hybrid nanofluids with radiative heat transport and slip mechanism: multiple solutions

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2022年第1期74卷 142-151页

作者： Rai Sajjad saif Hashim Maria Zaman Muhammad Ayaz Department of Humanities and Sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science(SEECS)National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan Department of Pure&Applied Mathematics University of Haripur22620HaripurPakistan Department of Mathematics&Statistics Riphah International University IslamabadPakistan Department of Mathematics Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardan23200Pakistan

Research on flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluids has gained great significance due to their efficient heat transfer *** fact,hybrid nanofluids are a novel type of fluid designed to enhance heat transfer rate and have a wide range of engineering and industrial *** by this evolution,a theoretical analysis is performed to explore the flow and heat transport characteristics of Cu/Al_(2)O_(3) hybrid nanofluids driven by a stretching/shrinking ***,this work focuses on the physical impacts of thermal stratification as well as thermal radiation during hybrid nanofluid flow in the presence of a velocity slip *** mathematical modelling incorporates the basic conservation laws and Boussinesq *** formulation gives a system of governing partial differential equations which are later reduced into ordinary differential equations via dimensionless *** efficient numerical solver,known as bvp4c in MATLAB,is utilized to acquire multiple(upper and lower)numerical solutions in the case of shrinking *** computed results are presented in the form of flow and temperature *** most significant findings acquired from the current study suggest that multiple solutions exist only in the case of a shrinking surface until a critical/turning ***,solutions are unavailable beyond this turning point,indicating flow *** is found that the fluid temperature has been impressively enhanced by a higher nanoparticle volume fraction for both *** the other hand,the outcomes disclose that the wall shear stress is reduced with higher magnetic field in the case of the second *** simulation outcomes are in excellent agreement with earlier research,with a relative error of less than 1%.

关键词： multiple numerical solutions hybrid nanofluids thermal radiation thermal stratification slip conditions heat transfer

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Outpatient insulin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute respiratory distress syndrome outcomes:A retrospective cohort study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 2966-2975页

作者： Georges Khattar Samer Asmar Laurence Aoun Fares Saliba Shaza Almardini saif Abu Baker Catherine Hong Carolla El Chamieh Fadi Haddadin Toni Habib Omar Mourad Zeina Morcos Fatema Arafa Jonathan Mina Khalil El Gharib Mohammad Aldalahmeh Salman Khan Elie Bou Sanayeh Department of Medicine Holy Spirit University of KaslikJounieh 00000Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Staten Island University HospitalStaten IslandNY 10305United States Public Heath and Biostatistics Independent ResearchBeirut 0000Lebanon Department of Medicine Lebanese UniversityBeirut 00000Lebanon Department of Medicine University of BalamandBeirut 00000Lebanon Department of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityBeirut 00000Lebanon Department of Medicine Northwell Health Staten Island University HospitalNew YorkNY 10305United States

BACKGROUND The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)on acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is debatable.T2DM was suspected to reduce the risk and complications of ***,during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),T2DM predisposed patients to ARDS,especially those who were on insulin at *** evaluate the impact of outpatient insulin use in T2DM patients on non-COVID-19 ARDS *** We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample *** patients diagnosed with ARDS were stratified into insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(DM)(IDDM)and non-insulindependent DM(NIDDM)*** applying exclusion criteria and matching over 20 variables,we compared cohorts for mortality,duration of mechanical ventilation,incidence of acute kidney injury(AKI),length of stay(LOS),hospitalization costs,and other clinical *** Following 1:1 propensity score matching,the analysis included 274 patients in each ***,no statistically significant differences emerged between the IDDM and NIDDM groups in terms of mortality rates(32.8%vs 31.0%,P=0.520),median hospital LOS(10 d,P=0.537),requirement for mechanical ventilation,incidence rates of sepsis,pneumonia or AKI,median total hospitalization costs,or patient disposition upon *** Compared to alternative anti-diabetic medications,outpatient insulin treatment does not appear to exert an independent influence on in-hospital morbidity or mortality in diabetic patients with non-COVID-19 ARDS.

关键词： Acute respiratory distress syndrome Type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin Length of stay Mortality Endotracheal intubation Acute kidney injury Coronavirus disease 2019

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Automated Video Generation of Moving Digits from Text Using Deep Deconvolutional Generative Adversarial Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 2359-2383页

作者： Anwar ullah Xinguo Yu Muhammad Numan National Engineering Research Center for E-Learning Central China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China Wollongong Joint Institute Central China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China

Generating realistic and synthetic video from text is a highly challenging task due to the multitude of issues involved,including digit deformation,noise interference between frames,blurred output,and the need for temporal coherence across *** this paper,we propose a novel approach for generating coherent videos of moving digits from textual input using a Deep Deconvolutional Generative Adversarial Network(DD-GAN).The DDGAN comprises a Deep Deconvolutional Neural Network(DDNN)as a Generator(G)and a modified Deep Convolutional Neural Network(DCNN)as a Discriminator(D)to ensure temporal coherence between adjacent *** proposed research involves several ***,the input text is fed into a Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)based text encoder and then smoothed using Conditioning Augmentation(CA)techniques to enhance the effectiveness of the Generator(G).Next,using a DDNN to generate video frames by incorporating enhanced text and random noise and modifying a DCNN to act as a Discriminator(D),effectively distinguishing between generated and real *** research evaluates the quality of the generated videos using standard metrics like Inception Score(IS),Fréchet Inception Distance(FID),Fréchet Inception Distance for video(FID2vid),and Generative Adversarial Metric(GAM),along with a human study based on realism,coherence,and *** conducting experiments on Single-Digit Bouncing MNIST GIFs(SBMG),Two-Digit Bouncing MNIST GIFs(TBMG),and a custom dataset of essential mathematics videos with related text,this research demonstrates significant improvements in both metrics and human study results,confirming the effectiveness of *** research also took the exciting challenge of generating preschool math videos from text,handling complex structures,digits,and symbols,and achieving successful *** proposed research demonstrates promising results for generating coherent videos from textual input.

关键词： Generative Adversarial Network(GAN) deconvolutional neural network convolutional neural network Inception Score(IS) temporal coherence Fréchet Inception Distance(FID) Generative Adversarial Metric(GAM)

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Variations in Surface Urban Heat Island and Urban Cool Island Intensity:A Review Across Major Climate Zones

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Chinese Geographical Science 2023年第6期33卷 983-1000页

作者： Muhammad Sadiq KHAN Sami ullah CHEN Liding State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Forestry and Range Management Kohsar University MureePunjab47150Pakistan

The climate has an impact on the urban thermal environment,and the magnitude of the surface urban heat island(SUHI)and urban cool island(UCI)vary across the world’s climatic *** literature review investigated:1)the variations in the SUHI and UCI intensity under different climatic backgrounds,and 2)the effect of vegetation types,landscape composition,urban configuration,and water bodies on the *** SUHI had a higher intensity in tropical(Af(tropical rainy climate,Köppen climate classification),Am(tropical monsoon climate),subtropical(Cfa,subtropical humid climate),and humid continental(Dwa,semi-humid and semi-arid monsoon climate)climate *** magnitude of the UCI was low compared to the SUHI across the climate *** cool and dry Mediterranean(Cfb,temperate marine climate;Csb,temperate mediterranean climate;Cfa)and tropical climate(Af)areas had a higher cooling *** cities with a desert climate(BWh,tropical desert climate),a reverse pattern was *** difference in the SUHI in the night-time was greater than in the daytime for most cities across the climate *** extent of green space cooling was related to city size,the adjacent impervious surface,and the local ***,the composition of urban landscape elements was more significant than their configuration for sustaining the urban thermal ***,we identified future research gaps for possible solutions in the context of sustainable urbanization in different climate zones.

关键词： urban heat island intensity(SUHI) urban cool island intensity(UCI) day-night surface urban heat island(SUHI) climate zones landscape composition and configuration sustainable urbanization

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