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Evaluating mech.nism of banana pseudo-stem retting using seawater:A cost-effective surface pre-treatment approach

Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 322-335页

作者： Prince h.tor Ah.ed h.h.ssanin Osbert Akatwijuka Moh.med A.h.Gepreel Mitsuo Yamamoto Yukie Saito Ah.ed Abdel-Mawgood Egypt-Japan University of Science and Tech.ology Biotechnology ProgramAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt Alexandria University Department of Textile EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateBab Sharqi 5424041Egypt Egypt-Japan University of Science and Tech.ology Material Science and EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt Graduate Sch.ol of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of TokyoBunkyo-KuTokyo 113-8657Japan

Retting h.s been employed to extract natural fibers from agricultural wastes as a biological and cost-effective approach.for *** its global abundance,banana pseudo-stem is a promising agro-waste for lignocellulosic fiber *** th.s study,fibers were extracted from th. pseudo-stems after being pre-treated under four conditions using seawater at room temperature for up to 35 d Bacterial isolation from th. fresh.seawater sample and screening for ligninolytic ability were *** load as well as laccase and manganese peroxidase enzyme activity profile assay during th. retting duration were *** transform infrared(FT-IR)and X-day diffraction(XRD)analyses were also examined for both.pre-treated and untreated extracted *** results sh.ws th.t six out of th. eigh. bacterial isolates h.d th. ability to degrade *** treatments(Raw stem+Raw seawater)and(Autoclaved stem+Raw seawater)recorded th. h.gh.st viable bacterial load of 9.24×102 and 4.46×102 CFU,respectively,on th. 14th.day of th. retting ***,th. h.gh.st laccase and manganese peroxidase enzymes activity was recorded for(Raw stem+Raw seawater)and(Autoclaved stem+Raw seawater)treatments in th. second to th. th.rd *** FT-IR spectra of th. pre-treated fibers revealed relative reductions in peaks attributed to polysacch.rides and oth.r amorph.us substances for all retting *** XRD diffractogram revealed th.t th. crystallinity index(CI)of pre-treated fibers increased in all seawater retting treatment ***,th. CI for fibers pre-treated under enzymatic conditions were enh.nced even after five *** analysis for selected bacterial isolates sh.wed h.mology to sequences of Bacillus velezensis,Sh.wanella sp.L8–5,and Citrobacter amalonaticus and Bacillus subtilis j8 *** th.se findings,it was suggested th.t ph.sical,biological,and ch.mical actions were collectively involved in th. seawater retting process of banana ps

关键词： Seawater retting Banana pseudo-stem Natural fiber Enzyme activity Colony forming unit

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Do tensile and sh.ar forces exerted on cells influence mech.notransduction th.ough.stored energy considerations?

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BIOCELL 2024年第4期48卷 525-540页

作者： FREDERICK h.SILVER TANMAY DESh.UKh Department of Path.logy and Laboratory Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA OptoVibronex LLC.Ben Franklin Tech PartnersBethlehemPA 18015USA

All tissues in th. body are subjected externally to gravity and internally by collagenﬁbril and cellular retractive forces th.t create stress and energy equilibrium required for *** involves mech.nical work(force th.ough.a distance)and energy storage as kinetic and potential *** leads to ch.nges in cell mitosis or apoptosis and th. synth.sis or loss of tissue *** involves th. application of energy directly to cells th.ough.integrin-mediated processes,cell-cell connections,stretch.ng of th. cell cytoplasm,and activation of th. cell nucleus via yes-associated protein(YAP)and transcriptional coactivator with.PDZ-motif(TAZ).Th.se processes involve numerous complexes,intermediate molecules,and multiple *** path.ays h.ve been identiﬁed from research.studies on vertebrate cell culture and from studies in *** path.ays involve mech.nosensors and oth.r molecules th.t activate th. *** review discusses th. mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)family,h.ppo,h.dgeh.g,and Wingless-related integration site(WNT)/βcatenin signaling *** mediators covered includeβcatenin,ion ch.nnels,growth.factors,h.rmone receptors,members of th. Ras superfamily,and components of th. linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton(LINC)***,th. interrelationsh.p among th. different path.ays remains to be clariﬁ***-mediated mech.notransduction involves direct tensile loading and energy applied to th. cell membrane via collagenﬁbril *** energy is transferred between cells by stretch.ng th. cell-cell connections involving cadh.rins and th. WNT/βcatenin *** alterations induce ch.nges in intracellular events in th. cytoskeleton and nuclear skeleton caused by th. release of YAP and *** coactivators th.n penetrate th.ough.th. nuclear pores and inﬂuence nuclear cell *** in th. balance of forces and energy applied to cells and tissues is h.poth.sized to sh.ft th

关键词： MAPK family h.ppo h.dgeh.g WNT path.ay βcatenin Ion ch.nnels Growth.factor receptors h.rmone receptors Ras superfamily LINC complex Collagen Cadh.rins

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Neurological consequences of h.man calmodulin mutations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 943-944页

作者： h.lene h.Jensen Anders Olsen Medical Biotech.ology Department of Chemistry and BiosciencesAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark

Wh.n calcium ions enter th. cytosol,it is a stimulatory signal for cellular *** calcium sensor calmodulin picks up th. ch.nge in calcium concentration and relays th.s information to its more th.n 300 downstream interaction *** th.s way,calmodulin affects cellular processes such.as fertilization,muscle contraction,neuronal firing,and *** is,calmodulin is involved in(nearly)everyth.ng!Th. significance of calmodulin is emph.sized by th. fact th.t we all carry th.ee different genes(CALM1,2,3)on different ch.omosomes th.t encode th. exact same calmodulin protein,and th.se are all expressed in all cell ***,th.ough.ut vertebrate evolution,th. protein sequence h.s remained completely unch.nged.

关键词： consequences unch.nged calmodulin

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B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2:infection,vaccination,and h.brid immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 144-158页

作者： Dennis Lapuente Th.mas h.Winkler Matth.as Tenbusch Institut für klinisch. und molekulare Virologie Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054 ErlangenGermany Department of Biology Division of GeneticsNikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)ErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossplatz 191054 ErlangenGermany

Th. emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech.communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in th. context of th.s path.gen.B-cell and antibody responses are at th. center of th.se investigations,as neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)are an important correlate of protection(COP)from infection and th. primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine *** addition to absolute levels,nAb longevity,neutralization breadth.immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition,and presence at mucosal sites h.ve become important topics for scientists and h.alth.policy *** recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in wh.ch.to study de novo and memory B-cell(MBC)and antibody responses in th. dynamic interplay of infection-and vaccine-induced *** also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms,such.as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines,in unprecedented coh.rt *** with.th. tech.ological advances of recent years,th.s situation h.s provided detailed mech.nistic insigh.s into th. development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected *** th.s review,we summarize th. key findings of th. last 2.5 years regarding infection-and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity,wh.ch.we believe are of significant value not only in th. context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approach.s in endemic and pandemic settings.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies memory responses vaccines IgG4

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Optimizing Grey Wolf Optimization: A Novel Agents’ Positions Updating Tech.ique for Enh.nced Efficiency and Performance

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Open Journal of Optimization 2024年第1期13卷 21-30页

作者： Mah.oud Kh.tab Moh.med El-Gamel Ah.ed I. Saleh.Asmaa h. Rabie Atallah.El-Sh.nawy Department of Math.matics and Engineering Ph.sics Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Department of Computers and Control Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Department of Math.matics Faculty of Science New Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt

Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a nature-inspired metah.uristic algorith. th.t h.s gained popularity for solving optimization problems. In GWO, th. success of th. algorith. h.avily relies on th. efficient updating of th. agents’ positions relative to th. leader wolves. In th.s paper, we provide a brief overview of th. Grey Wolf Optimization tech.ique and its significance in solving complex optimization problems. Building upon th. foundation of GWO, we introduce a novel tech.ique for updating agents’ positions, wh.ch.aims to enh.nce th. algorith.’s effectiveness and efficiency. To evaluate th. performance of our proposed approach. we conduct compreh.nsive experiments and compare th. results with.th. original Grey Wolf Optimization tech.ique. Our comparative analysis demonstrates th.t th. proposed tech.ique ach.eves superior optimization outcomes. Th.se findings underscore th. potential of our approach.in addressing optimization ch.llenges effectively and efficiently, making it a valuable contribution to th. field of optimization algorith.s.

关键词： Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) Metah.uristic Algorith. Optimization Problems Agents’ Positions Leader Wolves Optimal Fitness Values Optimization Ch.llenges

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Gut microbial regulation of innate and adaptive immunity after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 272-276页

作者： Marta Celorrio Kirill Sh.milov Stuart h.Friess Department of Pediatrics Washington University in St.Louis School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Acute care management of traumatic brain injury is focused on th. prevention and reduction of secondary insults such.as h.potension,h.poxia,intracranial h.pertension,and detrimental ***,th. imperative to balance multiple clinical concerns simultaneously often results in th.rapeutic strategies targeted to address one clinical concern causing unintended effects in oth.r remote organ *** th. bidirectional communication between th. gastrointestinal tract and th. brain h.s been sh.wn to influence both.th. central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract h.meostasis in h.alth.and disease.A critical component of th.s axis is th. microorganisms of th. gut known as th. gut *** in gut microbial populations in th. setting of central nervous system disease,including traumatic brain injury,h.ve been reported in both.h.mans and experimental animal models and can be furth.r disrupted by off-target effects of patient *** th.s review article,we will explore th. important role gut microbial populations play in regulating brain-resident and periph.ral immune cell responses after traumatic brain *** will discuss th. role of bacterial metabolites in gut microbial regulation of neuroinflammation and th.ir potential as an avenue for th.rapeutic intervention in th. setting of traumatic brain injury.

关键词： gut microbiome gut microbiota gut-brain axis macroph.ge microglia monocyte neuroinflammation sh.rt-ch.in fatty acids T cell traumatic brain injury

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Data-Driven Fault Detection of Multiple Open-Circuit Faults for MMC Systems Based on Long Sh.rt-Term Memory Networks

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1563-1574页

作者： Ch.nxi Fan Kaish.n Xiah.u Lei Wang Q.h.Wu Sch.ol of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

Th.s paper presents a long sh.rt-term memory(LSTM)-based fault detection meth.d to detect th. multiple open-circuit switch.faults of modular multilevel converter(MMC)systems with.full-bridge sub-modules(FB-SMs).Eigh.een sensor signals of grid voltages,grid currents and capacitance voltages of MMC for single and multi-switch.faults are collected as sampling *** output signal ch.racteristics of four types of single switch.faults of FB-SM,as well as double switch.faults in th. same and different ph.ses of MMC,are analyzed under th. conditions of load variations and control command ch.nges.A multi-layer LSTM network is devised to deeply extract th. fault ch.racteristics of MMC under different faults and operation conditions,and a Softmax layer detects th. fault *** results h.ve confirmed th.t th. proposed LSTM-based meth.d h.s better detection performance compared with.th.ee oth.r meth.ds:K-nearest neigh.or(KNN),naive bayes(NB)and recurrent neural network(RNN).In addition,it is h.gh.y robust to model uncertainties and Gaussian *** validity of th. proposed meth.d is furth.r demonstrated by experiment studies conducted on a h.rdware-in-th.-loop(h.L)testing platform.

关键词： Fault detection long sh.rt-term memory(LSTM) modular multilevel converter(MMC) open circuit fault

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Experimental study of corner separation and unsteady ch.racteristics in linear compressor cascades with.and with.ut sweeping jet actuator

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Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第3期13卷 360-374页

作者： S.W.Ch.n W.h.Li C.Xu Q.h.Meng Sch.ol of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang 150001China AVIC Sh.nyang Aircraft Design and Research.Institute Shenyang 110035China

Sweeping jet actuator(SJA)h.s been widely applied for activeflow control in *** th.s paper,th. SJA ch.racter in compressor cascade and its performance for separation control in innerflows are ***-averaged and transientflowfield measurement,togeth.r with.visualization meth.ds are *** is found th.t endwall effects are important for both.SJA beh.viors and SJA performance for separation control in compressor *** is a maximum of 12.7%total pressure loss reduction with.SJA placed near th. separation position,close to th. endwall and under *** ch.racteristic frequencies in th.flowfield contribute to th. capture of influence regions of vortices and excitation *** concentrated sh.dding vortices and SJA jets impact region h.lped to judge th.t SJA energizes low momentumfluids in a large region and match.s th. h.gh.loss core *** be concrete,th.flow separation control mech.nism of SJA lies on th. interruption of th. blade suction surface boundary layer development and th. restriction of th. lifting of th. boundary layer from end-wall towards blade suction surface.

关键词： Compressor cascade Activeflow control Sweeping jet actuator Corner separation Oilflow visualization

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Morph.logy-Tailored Dynamic State Transition in Active-Passive Colloidal Assemblies

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Research 2024年第3期2024卷 751-760页

作者： Nan Yu Zameer h.Sh.h.Mingch.ng Yang Yongxiang Gao Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University518060ShenzhenChina Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Device and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University518060ShenzhenChina Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Ph.sics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Ph.sics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Sch.ol of Ph.sical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Songsh.n Lake Materials Laboratory DongguanGuangdong 523808China.

Mixtures of active self-propelled and passive colloidal particles promise rich.assembly and dynamic states th.t are beyond reach.via equilibrium ***,controllable transition between different dynamic states remains ***,we reveal a pleth.ra of dynamic beh.viors emerging in assemblies of ch.mically propelled snowman-like active colloids and passive sph.rical particles as th. particle sh.pe,size,and composition are *** example,assembles of one or more active colloids with.one passive particle exh.bit distinct translating or orbiting states wh.le th.se composed of one active colloid with.2 passive particles display persistent“8”-like cyclic motion or h.pping between circling states around one passive particle in th. plane and around th. waist of 2 passive ones out of th. plane,controlled by th. sh.pe of th. active colloid and th. size of th. passive particles,*** morph.logy-tailored dynamic transitions are in excellent agreement with.state diagrams predicted by mesoscale dynamics *** work discloses new dynamic states and corresponding transition strategies,wh.ch.promise new applications of active systems such.as micromach.nes with.functions th.t are oth.rwise impossible.

关键词： Transition oth.rwise transitions

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Location of Asymmetric Ground Fault Using Virtual Injected Current Ratio and Two-stage Recovery Strategy in Distribution Networks

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 151-161页

作者： h.iting Sh.n Luliang Zh.ng Q.h.Wu Mengsh. Li Sch.ol of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology(SCUT)Guangzhou 510641China

Sparse measurements ch.llenge fault location in distribution *** paper proposes a meth.d for asymmetric ground fault location in distribution networks with.limited measurements.A virtual injected current vector is formulated to estimate th. fault line,wh.ch.can be reconstructed from voltage sags measured at a few buses using compressive sensing(CS).Th. relationsh.p between th. virtual injected current ratio(VICR)and fault position is deduced from circuit analysis to pinpoint th. ***,a two-stage recovery strategy is proposed for improving reconstruction accuracy of th. current vector,wh.re two different sensing matrixes are utilized to improve th. *** proposed meth.d is validated in IEEE 34 node test *** results sh.w asymmetric ground fault type,resistance,fault position and access of distributed generators(DGs)do not significantly influence performance of our *** addition,it works effectively under various scenarios of noisy measurement and line parameter *** on 134 node test feeders prove th. proposed meth.d is also suitable for systems with.more complex structure.

关键词： Distribution networks fault location reconstruction accuracy two-stage recovery virtual injected current ratio

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