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Monitoring and Evaluation of Air Pollution at Ohaji/Egbema Flow Station and Its Environs via GPS in Ohaji Egbema Lga, Imo State Nigeria

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Detection 2022年第4期9卷 37-49页

作者： Sylvester Obum Anyikwa Obineche Charles ndukwe Theresa Chinwendu Umeojiakor Pat Chukwudi Nnaji Ndidiamaka Martina Amadi Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Technology Owerri Owerri Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Federal Polynekede Owerri Owerri Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Agriculture Umudike Owerri Nigeria

The work of “Monitoring and Evaluation of Air Pollution” the main aim of this work is to measure the concentrations of gases which include CO2, CO, NOx, SOx and thermal radiation and carry out an analysis of the measured data. This experiment was scheduled to take place at Egbema flow station which is managed by NPDC (Nigerian Petroleum Development Commission) Shell location 2 in Obiakpu, Ohaji Imo state. The bad effects of these pollutant gases on the community can include cause of diseases to plants and animals, causes of physical ailments in the respiratory tract of humans, and death and degradation of the surrounding environment. The parameters measured during this exercise include the distance from the flow station, latitude and longitude of the distance measured on the earth’s surface, time for the experiment and the concentration of pollutant gases. The instrument used includes CO meter, CO2 meter, SOx and NOx meters, and thermal radiation meter. The gases were measured in three different time intervals between 10:50 am - 11:23 am (for CO: 0.02 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0 ppm, 0 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0 ppm;for CO2: 0.04 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.02 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0 ppm;for SOx: 0 mg/m3, 0 mg/m3, 0 mg/m3, 0 mg/m3, 0 mg/m3, 0 mg/m3;for NOx: 0.127 mg/m3, 0.098 mg/m3, 0.12 mg/m3, 0.122 mg/m3, 0.113 mg/m3, 0.103 mg/m3;for thermal radiation: 57.4 W/m2, 61.5 W/m2, 65.1 W/m2, 64.9 W/m2, 81.9 W/m2, 148.3 W/m2), 1:30 pm - 2:13 pm (for CO: 0.01 ppm, 0.02 ppm, 0 ppm, 0 ppm, 0.1 ppm, 0 ppm;for CO2: 0.01 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0 ppm, 0 ppm;for SOx: 0 mg/m3, 0 mg/m3, 0 mg/m3, 0 mg/m3, 0 mg/m3, 0 mg/m3

关键词： Ohaji/Egbema Flow Station Chemiluminescence Air Pollution

Palynomorph assemblage biozonation of Paleogene strata in Bende–Umuahia Area,Niger Delta Basin, southeastern Nigeria

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第2期9卷 168-180页

作者： Okechukwu Nicodemus Ikegwuonu Obianuju Patricia Umeji Osita Igwebuike Chiaghanam Kingsley KNwozor Otobong Sunday ndukwe Kingsley Chukwuebuka Chiadikobi Department of Geology Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu UniversityUliNigeria Department of Geology University of NigeriaEnuguNigeria Department of Geology Federal UniversityOye-EkitiNigeria.

Cenozoic sediments form extensive outcrops in the Niger Delta Basin. Detailed palynostratigraphic study was undertaken across Paleogene sequences exposed in Bende–Umuahia Area in up-dip sectors of the Niger Delta Basin, southeastern Nigeria, to establish different palynomorphs assemblage zones, with their corresponding *** analysis was carried out on 27 selected outcrop samples, using the conventional maceration technique for recovering acid-insoluble organic-walled microfossils from sediments. Three Cenozoic lithostratigraphic units, including Imo Formation, Ameki Formation, and Ogwashi Formation, are exposed in the study area. Lithologies are sandstone, carbonaceous shale, mudstone, limestone, and the lignite. A total of 65 species of sporomorphs and 51 dinoflagellate cysts were identified. The recovered spores and pollen grains were used to establish six informal palynomorph assemblage zones, labeled as zone A – zone F, based on the first and the last occurrences of two or more species. These palynomorph assemblage zones include:(1) zone A — middle Paleocene Scabratriporites simpliformis–Bombacidites annae zone;(2) zone B — late Paleocene Foveotricolporites crassiexinus–Mauritidiites crassiexinus zone;(3) zone C — early Eocene Striatopollis catatumbus–Momipites africanus zone;(4) zone D — middle Eocene Margocolporites umuahiaensis–Gemmastephanocolporites brevicolpites zone;(5)zone E — late Eocene Cicatricosisporites dorogensis–Perfotricolpites nigerianus zone;and,(6) zone F — Oligocene–early Miocene Verrucatosporites usmensis–Magnastriatites howardii zone. The erected palynozones were correlated and compared with existing biozones in subsurface, down-dip sectors of the Niger Delta Basin, with pantropical palynological zones in tropical areas of Africa, and with palynofloral provinces of northern South America. A comparison of palynozones studied in southeastern Nigeria with other international palynozones, in this study, will assist in establishing

关键词： Palynology Stratigraphy Biozonation Spores and pollen grains Dinoflagellate cysts Cenozoic Niger Delta Basin

Application of activated biomass waste as an adsorbent for the removal of lead(II)ion from wastewater

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 259-267页

作者： Chime O.Thompson Agu O.ndukwe Christian O.Asadu Department of Chemical Engineering Enugu State University of Science and TechnologyEnuguNigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Gregory UniversityUturu P.M.B1012Abia StateNigeria

This work focuses on the application of activated biomass as an alternative to conventional adsorbents for the removal of Pb^2+from *** biomass was carbonized at 800℃before chemical *** Electron Microscope(SEM)and UV/VIS Spectrophotometer were used in characterizing the *** adsorption studies were carried out to determine the effect of process conditions on the percentage *** kinetic studies were carried out using Pseudo-first order,Pseudo-second order,Elovich and Weber morris kinetic models while the thermodynamics studies were carried out using Gibbs free energy *** characterization revealed that micro porous space on the surface of the adsorbents(biomass wastes)increased significantly after *** composites maintained high surface area after chemical *** of point zero charge revealed negative charge predominance on the surface of the adsorbents and adsorption was found to be very fast due to strong electrostatic force between Pb^2+and ion diffusion on the biomass *** peel demonstrated highest potential for lead(II)ion removal from solution with 96.83%removal after 80 min with 50 mg/l lead concentration and adsorbent/liquid ratio of 0.3 g/30 ml at 60℃and pH of *** highest adsorption capacities recorded with cassava peels,groundnut shell and yam peel at initial concentration of 50 mg/g were 50.1 mg g,46.6 mg/g and 38.5 mg/g DH,DS and R2 values for the adsorption with cassava peels are:12762 J/mol,67.2 J/kmol.K and 0.945;for groundnut shell adsorbent,the DH,DS and R2 values are;36756 J/mol,130 J/mol.K and 0.997;while for yam peels adsorbent,the DH,DS and R2 values are 12163 J/mol,46 J/mol.K and ***,the sorption process was feasible,spontaneous and *** of Pb^2+was rapid and showed high kinetic *** experimental data were well fitted with pseudo second order kinetic ***,the present approach has the advantage of simplicity,less tim

关键词： Biomass Adsorption Lead(II) Wastewater

尼日利亚对中国对外直接投资的看法及其对该国经济增长的影响

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尼日利亚对中国对外直接投资的看法及其对该国经济增长的影响

作者： ndukwe Eugenia Chinenye 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

中国和尼日利亚的关系可以追溯到数十年以前,两国经济具有互补性,其中表现在尼日利亚主要的基础设施建设不足并且有着巨大的投资需求,而中国也已发展成世界上规模最大、最具有竞争力的工业大国之一,并且在尼日利亚最需要的基础设施发展... 详细信息

中国和尼日利亚的关系可以追溯到数十年以前,两国经济具有互补性,其中表现在尼日利亚主要的基础设施建设不足并且有着巨大的投资需求,而中国也已发展成世界上规模最大、最具有竞争力的工业大国之一,并且在尼日利亚最需要的基础设施发展方面,中国有着专业的土木建筑工程技术。2009年,中国超越其他国家,成为尼日利亚最大的贸易伙伴,并且在2011年投资额达到了1660亿美元,中国不仅投资了尼日利亚的建筑业和制造业,还从尼日利亚获得其自身三分之一的石油进口量。然而,一些经济学家、利益相关者和当地企业家仍然认为中国在尼日利亚经济中的利益是一个有争议的问题,这将持续引发对中国投资格局的猜测。本论文共包含四章。第一章介绍了中国对尼日利亚投资的大背景,包括对研究问题和研究目的的说明。第二章重点进行文献综述和本研究采用的理论框架。中国对非洲,特别是对尼日利亚的对外直接投资,已经成为许多经济学家和投资专家的关注焦点,因此在这方面进行了许多研究。笔者试图广泛回顾以前有关中国在尼日利亚的对外直接投资的相关文献,以了解中国与其他国家对外直接投资的差异和特点。本部分讨论了尼日利亚的商业环境,外国直接投资和尼日利亚的投资政策;中国和尼日利亚的投资关系。该部分还讨论了本研究采用的理论框架,其一为依赖理论,其重点是跨国合作扰乱发展中国家经济的几种方式;其二为行为主义理论,即采用科学的观察方法重点关注各单元之间的行为和相互作用,包括尽可能量化变量。笔者采用这一理论,以期对尼日利亚对中国投资的看法与其如何影响该国经济发展之间的关系有一个更清晰的理解。最后采用的理论是内生增长模型理论,该理论解释道,衡量一个国家经济增长的指标不是实物投资,而是使用这些投资的效力和效率。第三章由五节组成,包括中国在尼日利亚的投资结构、中国在尼日利亚的投资模式、中国投资趋势与特点、中国投资对尼日利亚经济增长的影响以及尼日利亚的前景,本章描绘了中国投资的规模、组成和模式。中国对尼日利亚直接投资的各种模式一直是不同学者关注的焦点问题。许多学者关注外国直接投资的积极方面,有些人则对在尼日利亚的运营提出批评。有人试图讨论不同学者对发展中国家(特别是尼日利亚)对外国直接投资的积极影响和消极影响的看法。纵观全篇论文,第四章回顾了对尼日利亚国家投资促进委员会(NIPC)受访者的调查、对兰德公司(RAND)和皮尤调查(PEW)的民意调查,第五章对主要数据和次要数据的调查结果进行了讨论、得出结论并给出政策建议。中尼两国关系面临的最大的投资挑战是,中国来自完全不同的政治背景,把政府置于对外经济关系的中心位置。中国似乎认为,与政府合作就足以在商业关系上取得进展。根据尼日利亚国家投资促进委员会投资专家的回应调查得出的主要数据来看,这种观念模式需要调整。研究结果表明,中国与尼日利亚的关系需要考虑尼日利亚人民,而不仅仅是政府。受益当然是受援国政府的责任,而不是投资者的责任。因此,对中国公司在尼日利亚的活动表示不满,更多是在表达尼日利亚人遭受贫困,而不是批评中国人。这种不满情绪更多是和尼日利亚的生活环境相关,而不是和中国相关。对中国产品质量低劣的普遍抱怨以及对尼日利亚社会背景缺乏考虑是导致中国对非洲投资前景变化的另一个因素。外国直接投资成为了一个关键渠道,外国对东道国经济增长的影响可以通过这一渠道在一个典型发展中国家(如尼日利亚)得以确定;而投资水平对经济增长的影响程度将取决于东道国对投资者的看法。

关键词：中国投资外国直接投资(FDI) 尼日利亚经济增长看法和影响

“资源诅咒”与石油跨国公司（MNC）在尼日利亚的作用 ——以壳牌石油开发公司（SPDC）为例

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“资源诅咒”与石油跨国公司（MNC）在尼日利亚的作用 ——以壳牌...

作者： ndukwe Igwe Collins 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

仔细地审视以发展中国家为重点的众多研究,就可以了解到,本应成为广大人民财富来源的丰富石油给这类国家的经济和政治带来了消极后果。一些显著的消极后果包括经济增长受阻、国家体制薄弱、经济绩效下滑以及外部机构的干预(跨国石油公司... 详细信息

仔细地审视以发展中国家为重点的众多研究,就可以了解到,本应成为广大人民财富来源的丰富石油给这类国家的经济和政治带来了消极后果。一些显著的消极后果包括经济增长受阻、国家体制薄弱、经济绩效下滑以及外部机构的干预(跨国石油公司)。为了找到解决这一问题的方法,不同的机构和个人都花了大量的时间撰写各种文献,目的是分析这种相关性,并提出适合于解决资源诅咒的方案。人们对这一诅咒进行了广泛的调查,发现有许多国家一再浪费资源的例子。他们不仅挥霍矿产财富的收益,而且让他们的公民生活在贫穷的谎言中。尼日利亚就是这些发展中国家的一个很好的例子。将这个国家与博茨瓦纳和挪威这样的国家进行比较,表明问题不在于资源,而在于利用,因为这些国家确保了矿产财富的充分利用和最大化。综上所述,我们可以得出这样的结论:石油对任何一国经济来说都预示着巨大的危险,但仍然可以成为经济增长和发展的福音。挪威和博茨瓦纳这两个国家有效地利用了自然资源,2006年的人均国内生产总值分别超过69 200美元和6 954美元,在世界上自然资源丰富的国家中名列前茅。人们不需要太多的研究就能理解,挪威是因为石油横财而取得如此成就的。然而,由于发现石油,尼日利亚的经济发展出现了灾难性的下滑。尼日利亚是世界上最贫穷的国家之一,尽管该国每年因出口石油而产生数十亿美元收入。尼日利亚人均国内生产总值为1,951美元,贫困水平增长了54%,贫困人口达9,000万,人均收入低于非洲撒哈拉以南地区任何国家的平均水平。换句话说,经济大幅增长的国家和不时遭受损失的国家都是那些自然资源丰富的国家,它们之间的主要区别只是对这些资源的收益的利用。这项工作的责任已经落在为确保其发展而设立的各种机构以及旨在处理和决定国家如何使用资源的人员身上。其中一些主要参与者是跨国石油公司、政府机构以及政治精英。许多人认为,政府一旦建立一个透明和安定的石油跨国公司,资源收入就会得到适当的引导,用于促进贸易和经济活动,从而帮助资源拥有者避免资源诅咒综合症,然而随着掠夺型机构的出现,更多的自然资源压低了总收入,政治精英们有责任帮助建立正确的政策框架,以确保石油资源得到合理的问责和利用。如前所述,许多个人和机构对资源诅咒以及许多资源丰富的发展中国家对其资源利用不足使这些资源成为一种诅咒进行了研究。不同的研究是独立的,有着各自的重要性,但又是相互联系的。然而,其中最重要的一点仍然是,跨国石油公司的活动和参与助长了这一诅咒。很少有研究将石油跨国公司与资源诅咒问题联系起来,这也是本研究的独特性所在,本研究力求扩展关于非洲国际关系的知识,此外,也是对现有国际关系文献的补充。本文在深入分析石油资源诅咒对政治经济学的不同表现形式的同时,也进行了概念上的解析。为了获得这种见解和分析,我们进行了一项调查,以证明在通过投资和原油勘探获得了大量财富的情况下,壳牌石油公司(Shell Oil Company,尼日利亚最大的跨国公司)在尼日利亚的存在对该国总体社会经济增长有利。此外,与自然资源较不丰富的国家相比,本文对一些用于支持资源诅咒现象的资源诅咒理论以及关于资源丰富国家不发达的原因进行了驳斥并提出了新看法;事实上,本文更倾向于展示利用这些国家的一些因果机制,这些机制包括努力促进这些石油跨国公司的利益,以及石油跨国公司利用发展中国家的制度缺陷追求利益的方式,这加剧了资源诅咒的后果。本研究旨在评估有关资源诅咒的背景资料,随后考查尼日利亚局势和石油跨国公司所发挥的作用。为此,本文概述了遏制尼日利亚资源诅咒的恰当方法,其中包括实施周密的宏观经济财政政策、经济多样化、建立自然资源基金、实施透明模式和问责制以及建立管理矿产资产的直接分配机制。尽管许多矿产丰富的发展中国家已经实施了这些解决办法中的一项或多项,但它们的成功仅限于少数例外情况(例如博茨瓦纳、智利和马来西亚)。我们认为,这可能是由于缺乏具有这些发展中国家特点的强有力的国家机构,或由于政府对矿产财富实行国家所有;因此,外部行为体(特别是石油跨国公司)的存在限制了国家在生产和分配其资源方面的作用。然而,正在形成的共识是,强有力的政治机构是成功破坏矿产财富与上述负面结果之间联系的决定性因素,我们对如何建立这样的机构却知之甚少。我们提出的一个建议是,政府制定政策将大部分权力交给国内私人所有者,而不是把它留给跨国石油公司。这一建议在文献中很少出现,且经常被人诟病。从我们的研究中发现,它将加强有效约束国家领导人的制度,并鼓励他们致力于制度建设,从而使该系统能够对大宗商品的繁荣和萧条作出更积极的反应。通过研究,本文指出了该国天赋资源与发展之间的矛盾的原因,其中殖民者发现石油的时代是主要的背景变量。尼日利亚国家未能采取措施将丰富的石油从负债转为资产是强大的外部力量(石油跨国公司)从一开始就占领尼日利亚石油工业的原因。因此,我们

关键词：资源诅咒跨国石油公司壳牌公司尼日利亚

Shock Wave of a New Pandemic: Response of Antenatal Women in Ebonyi State, Nigeria to Corona Virus 19 Infection—Knowledge, Attitude and Practice

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第1期11卷 29-41页

作者： Chidi Esike Justus Eze Okechukwu Anozie Emeka Onwe Richard Ewah Esther Emeka-Irem ndukwe Nwigboji Emeka Ukaegbe Ugochukwu Nnadozie Odidika Umeora Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hopital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of Pediatrics Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hopital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of Anesthesia Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hopital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Division of Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hopital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria

Background: There are no known effective vaccines or drugs for curing the corona 19 virus infection as at present knowlede. This leaves the world with mainly controlling the source of infection and cutting off the transmission route through preventive measures to contain the pandemic. These entail active participation of people, high level of discipline and strict and meticulous adoption of preventive measures. Since it is known that knowledge, precautionary behavior and active social participation of the public are important to control the pandemic, this study sets out to evaluate these in the antenatal population in Ebonyi State. Objective: To evaluate the Knowledge, attitude and practice of the respondents to the corona virus 19 infection and its prevention. Methods: A self-administered pre-tested questionnaire was administered to pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the chosen Mission hospitals and the only tertiary health institution that offer antenatal care to the bulk of antenatal population in the state. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Result: The participants had very good knowledge of corona virus 19 infection and its prevention but there were some gaps and misconceptions in knowledge and some of their attitudes and perceptions that raised concerns. Their practice of corona virus 19 preventive measures was poor despite their good knowledge. Conclusion: There is need to fashion out programs and policies that will address the gaps and concerns unearthed in the study to enhance the protection of this vulnerable study population and the general public.

关键词： Knowledge Practice Antenatal Population Ebonyi Nigeria

Factors Influencing Inter-Pregnancy Interval among Antenatal Attendee in a Tertiary Hospital in Abakaliki, South-East, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第13期8卷 1364-1375页

作者： Chidebe Christian Anikwe Benjamin Samuel Umezuluike Brown Nnamdi Ejikeme Okechukwu Emmanuel ndukwe Bartholomew Chukwunonye Okorochukwu Nworah Josaiah Obiechina Cyril Chijioke Ikeoha Ogah Emeka Onwe Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Federal Medical Centre Owerri Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Awka Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: World over, there has being an improvement in birth spacing resulting in a reduction in the perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: To appraise the factors influencing inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among antenatal attendee, with at least one previous delivery, in Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki over a six month period using a structured questionnaire. Data obtained was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 28.6 (95% CI 28.1 - 29.1) years. The majority (231, 70%) were multiparous. Most respondent (162, 49.1%) had their last delivery 6 - 12 months prior to conception. The significant determinants of IPI include: maternal age, marital status, place of residence, social class, baby’s sex, family income, use of contraceptive, parity and outcome of her last confinement. Contraceptive knowledge is high (300, 90.9%);more than 50% had the desire to use some form of contraceptive but majority (132, 40%) said they will never use contraceptive after delivery. Conclusions: Majority of the women had an IPI of 6 - 12 months. The major determinant of this includes having a live birth in last delivery, parity, marital status, and place of residence. The attitude to contraception is poor;effort needs to be directed into identifying the immediate and remote causes of this as this will help in proper education and counselling needed to increase contraceptive uptake.

关键词： Abakaliki Contraceptive Usage Inter-Pregnancy Intervals

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Everyday Death Trap

Beijing Review 2006年第32期49卷 48-页

作者： CHIJIOKE FT ndukwe

One of my first surprises when I arrived in China was seeing men offering cigarettes freely and openly as a goodwill gesture to a friend, visitor or associate in the same way that we offer kola nuts or drinks to guest... 详细信息

关键词： Everyday Death Trap

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Keeping the Faith

Beijing Review 2006年第38期49卷 48-页

作者： CHIJIOKE FT ndukwe

Before embarking on a trip to Guangzhou and Hong Kong last July, it took me several weeks to decide on which means of transportation I'd use. Train was my favorite but I was hesitant because it'd take me about 23 hours to arrive in Guangzhou. The strain and stress I was not physically fit to endure. Bus was out of question. The only other option was to fly. But if there's anybody in

关键词： Keeping the Faith