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Effects of alk.l.ne-electrolyzed and hydrogen-rich water,in a high-fat-diet nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第45期24卷 5095-5108页

作者： karen Jackson Noa Dressler Rotem S Ben-Shushan Ari Meerson tyler W leBaron Snait Tamir laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences MIGAL-Galilee Research InstituteKyriat Shmona 11016Israel Tel Hai College Upper Galilee 12110Israel Center of Experimental Medicine Institute for Heart ResearchSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislava 84005Slovakia Molecular Hydrogen Institute UT 48101United States

AIM To identify the effect of hydrogen-rich water(HRW) and electrolyzed-alk.l.ne water(EAW) on high-fat-induced non-alcoholic fatty acid disease in *** Mice were divided into four groups:(1) Regular diet(RD)/regular water(RW);(2) high-fat diet(HFD)/RW;(3) RD/EAW; and(4) HFD/EAW. Weight and body composition were measured. After twelve weeks, animals were sacrificed, and livers were processed for histology and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A similar experiment was performed using HRW to determine the influence and importance of molecular hydrogen(H2) in EAW. Finally, we compared the response of hepatocytes isolated from mice drinking HRW or RW to palmitate *** EAW had several properties important to the study:(1) pH = 11;(2) oxidation-reduction potential of-495 mV; and(3) H2 = 0.2 mg/l. However, in contrast to other studies, there were no differences between the groups drinking EAW or RW in either the RD or HFD groups. We hypothesized that the null result was due to low H2 concentrations. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of RW and low and high HRW concentrations(l-HRW = 0.3 mg H2/l and H-HRW = 0.8 mg H2/l, respectively) in mice fed an HFD. Compared to RW and l-HRW, H-HRW resulted in a lower increase in fat mass(46% vs 61%), an increase in lean body mass(42% vs 28%), and a decrease in hepatic lipid accumulation(P lastly, exposure of hepatocytes isolated from mice drinking H-HRW to palmitate overload demonstrated a protective effect from H2 by reducing hepatocyte lipid accumulation in comparison to mice drinking regular *** H2 is the therapeutic agent in electrolyzed-alk.l.ne water and attenuates HFD-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.

关键词： Hydrogen-rich-water Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Alk.l.ne water Metabolic syndrome Molecular hydrogen High-fat diet

Airborne Sensor Network for Atmospheric Profiling

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Wireless Sensor Network 2018年第4期10卷 93-101页

作者： tyler Horton Michael Bolt Craig Prather John Manobianco Mark.l. Adams Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University Auburn AL USA

The need for higher spatial/temporal resolution in-situ atmospheric sensing has been established by both weather and climate researchers. In order to address this need, an airborne wireless sensor network called GlobalSense is currently being developed. GlobalSense is based on low-cost airborne probes that collect environmental data as they fall slowly through the atmosphere and on portable base stations that receive the data being collected. This paper presents an overview of this GlobalSense system as well as preliminary results from ground-based system testing.

关键词： Biomimetic Airborne Atmospheric Sensing

Effect of estrogen on manganese-induced toxicity on embryonic astrocytes

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第10期4卷 9-15页

作者： tyler T. Huynh kimberly J. Baker Harold l. komiskey Department of Biomedical Sciences Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-GA Campus Suwanee USA

Manganese (Mn) is a natural trace metal that is essential for many physiological functions in the human body. Astrocytes in the central nervous system are susceptible reservoirs for Mn accumulation. Estrogen, a steroidal hormone, has been shown to mitigate Mn-induced toxicity in cultures of postnatal astrocytes. However, differences in expression/inducibility of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase, transmitters, and the natural gonadal steroids and their receptors are known to occur in astrocyte cultures derived from various stages of fetal and postnatal development. Cultures of embryonic (E18) hippocampal astrocytes were examined in this study for the ability of 17 β-estradiol (E2) to protect them from Mn toxicity by up regulating gene expression of a glutamate transporter. Primary rat hippocampal astrocytes were pretreated with β-Estradiol (E2) in vitro and subsequently, Mn sulfate (MnSO4). The amount of toxic damage to the astrocytes was measured by quantifying glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with a sandwiched Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ElISA). ElISA analysis indicated Mn exposure at 100 μM, 300 μM, or 600 μM significantly increased GFAP levels. However, E2 concentrations at 10 nM or 30 nM significantly reduced Mn-induced GFAP concentrations at 100 μM. Cells pretreated with 10 nM or 30 nM of E2 significantly lowered GFAP levels. The Water-Soluble Tetrazolium-8 (WST-8) method was utilized to determine cell viability. The WST-8 assay showed that Mn concentrations of 100 μM, 300 μM, or 600 μM significantly reduced the dehydrogenase activity, thereby decreasing the number of viable astrocytes. Enzyme activity with 600 μM of Mn was significantly decreased when compared with 100 μM of Mn, revealing a dose-dependent effect. However, the dehydrogenase activity in cells treated with 600 μM Mn was significantly increased when pretreated with 10 nM of E2. Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure changes in gluta

关键词： Astrocytes Estrogen Embryonic Manganese Hippocampus

Predicting muscular strength using demographics,sk.l.tal dimensions,and body composition measures

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2021年第1期3卷 34-39页

作者： Sean T.Stanelle Stephen F.Crouse tyler R.Heimdal Steven E.Riechman Alexandra l.Remy Bradley S.lambert Department of Health and kinesiology Texas A&M University400 Bizzell StCollege StationTXUSA Department of Orthopedics Baylor University Medical Center3500 Gaston AveDallasTXUSA Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital6565 Fannin StHoustonTXUSA

The purpose of this study was to develop an equation to predict strength for seven common resistance training exercises using anthropometric and demographic ***-hundred forty-seven healthy adults(74 males,73 females,3512 yr,17410 cm,8819 kg)volunteered to *** composition values(regional/total)and body dimensions were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA).Subjects underwent the following maximal strength assessments:leg Press,Chest Press,leg Curl,lat Pulldown,leg Extension,Tri-ceps Pushdown,and Biceps *** linear regression with stepwise removal was used to determine the best model to predict maximal strength for each *** predictor variables identified(pkg);BMI;age;sex(0=F,1=M);regional lean masses(lM,kg);fat mass(FM,kg);fat free mass(FFM,kg);percent fat(%BF);arm,leg,and trunk.l.ngths(Al,ll,Tl;cm);and shoulder width(SW,cm).Analyses were performed with and without regional measures to accommodate scenarios where DEXA is *** models presented were significant(pl models producing the greatest *** indicate that maximal strength for individual resistance exercises can be reasonably estimated in adults.

关键词： Strength training Exercise testing Regression equation DEXA

Body Weight and Steroidal Implants Impact Animal Growth Performance, Sera Metabolites, and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Feedlot Cattle

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 414-430页

作者： tyler A. Vogel Joseph M. Neary Zachary k. Smith Bradley J. Johnson Department of Animal and Food Science Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA

The study objective was to evaluate steer growth performance, sera metabolite responses, carcass characteristics, and pulmonary arterial pressure as affected by body weight at time of implantation and steroidal implant administration. Crossbred steers (n = 20) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design experiment, Factors included: body weight: light (l), or heavy (H) and implant: Non-implanted (NoIMP), or Implanted (IMP) with steer serving as the experimental unit for all analyses. Initial weights for l and H steers were 398 ± 27.6 and 547 ± 25.2 kg, respectively. Implanted steers received a terminal implant (200 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg estradiol-17β;Revalor-200;Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ) on d 0. Cattle within treatments were group housed in common pens (n = 5 steers/pen). Bodyweight, blood samples, and pulmonary arterial pressure were collected on d 0, 14, 35, 70 and 104. Cattle were fed a common diet once daily to provide ad libitum access to feed. The finishing diet contained (DM basis) 13.3% CP, 2.13 Mcal/kg NEm, and 1.45 Mcal/kg NEg. Growth performance (body weight and ADG) and carcass traits were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Sera metabolites were analyzed as repeated measures over time, with day as the repeated measure. For all analyses, α level kg more per head of DM daily than l cattle and IMP steers consumed 1.0 kg more DM daily than NoIMP steers. Cumulative ADG did not differ between the l and H steers (1.41 vs. 1.52 ± 0.060 kg;P = 0.20). Implanting increased (P kg). No differences (P > 0.05) in ADG were observed in NoIMP vs. IMP cattle beyond d 70 (1.21 vs. 1.01 ± 0.16 kg;P = 0.38). Sera urea-N concentrations were decreased (P l cattle subjected to IMP during the study and tended to increase over time for the other treatments. Ribfat, HCW,

关键词： Cattle Estradiol Pulmonary Pressure Trenbolone

Coactivation Does Not Contribute to Fatigue-Induced Decreases in Isokinetic Forearm Flexion and Extension Torque

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第4期5卷 314-321页

作者： tyler J.Neltner John Paul V.Anders Robert W.Smith Jocelyn E.Arnett Joshua l.k.l.er Terry J.Housh Richard J.Schmidt Glen O.Johnson Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68510USA Integrative laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology(ilEAP) Department of HealthKinesiology and SportUniversity of South AlabamaMobileAL 36688USA

Purpose The present study examined the effects of a reciprocal,slow velocity forearm flexion and extension task on fatigue-induced changes in isokinetic torque,agonist and antagonist muscle activation,and coactivation ratios at slow and moderate *** Nine women(mean±SD:age=21.0±1.7 years;body mass=68.1±8.2 kg;height=167.4±7.2 cm)completed pre-testing for forearm flexion and extension isokinetic peak torque at 60 and 180°/s,a fatiguing task of 50 maximal,recip-rocal,isokinetic muscle actions at 60°/s,and *** amplitude(AMP)of the electromyographic(EMG)signals from the biceps and triceps were simultaneously *** and EMG AMP were normalized to the corresponding values from the pre-testing peak torque *** measures ANOVAs and pairwise comparisons were used to identify mean changes in torque,EMG AMP,and coactivation *** The torque analyses indicated significant decreases from pre-to post-testing for forearm flexion(14.1%±5.0%;Pllapsed across the forearm movements(24.7%±11.7%;P0.05)from pre-to post-testing for either velocity or *** The torque responses were velocity-specific,with greater fatigability exhibited for forearm extension versus flexion at 60°/s,but no differences at 180°/*** parallel EMG AMP responses between the agonist and antagonist muscles for both velocities supported the lack of fatigue-induced changes in coactivation ***,our results demonstrated that fatigue-induced decreases in torque were not attributable to increases in antagonist activation or coactivation.

关键词： Coactivation Isokinetic Fatigue Forearm flexion Extension

Design of a multichannel photonic crystal dielectric laser accelerator

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Photonics Research 2020年第10期8卷 1586-1598页

作者： ZHEXIN ZHAO DYlAN S.BlACk R.JOEl ENGlAND tyler W.HUGHES YU MIAO DOlAV SOlGAARD ROBERT l.BYER SHANHUI FAN Ginzton laboratory Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforma 94305USA SlAC National Accelerator laboratory Menlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA

To be useful for most scientific and medical applications,compact particle accelerators will require much higher average current than enabled by current *** this purpose,we propose a photonic crystal architecture for a dielectric laser accelerator,referred to as a multi-input multi-output silicon accelerator(MIMOSA),that enables simultancous acceleration of multiple electron beams,increasing the total electron throughput by at least I order of *** achieve this,we show that the photonic crystal must support a mode at the I point in reciprocal space,with a normalized frequency equal to the normalized speed of the phase-matched *** show that the figure of merit of the MIMOSA can be inferred from the eigenmodes of the corresponding infinitely periodic structure,which provides a powerful approach to design such ***,we extend the MIMOSA architecture to electron deflectors and other clectron manipulation *** additional functionalities,combined with the increased electron throughput of these devices,permit all-optical on-chip manipulation of electron beams in a fully integrated architecture compatible with current fabrication technologies,which opens the way to unconventional electron beam shaping,imaging,and radiationg encration.

关键词： dielectric crystal normalized

Maize Carbohydrate Partitioning Defective33 Encodes an MCTP Protein and Functions in Sucrose Export from leaves

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Molecular Plant 2019年第9期12卷 1278-1293页

作者： Thu M.Tran tyler J.McCubbin Saadia Bihmidine Benjamin T.Julius R.Frank Baker Martin Schauflinger Clifford Weil Nathan Springer Paul Chomet Ruth Wagner Jeff Woessner karen Grote Jeanette Peevers Thomas l.Slewinski David M.Braun Division of Biological Sciences’Interdisciplinary Plant Group Missouri Maize CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Electron Microscopy Core Facility University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Agronomy Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA NRGene Inc. 8910 University Center Lane\r\n S u ite 400San DiegoCA 92122USA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMO 63017USA National key laboratory for Plant Cell Technology Agricultural Genetics InstituteHanoiVietnam

To sustain plant growth,development,and crop yield,sucrose must be transported from leaves to distant parts of the plant,such as seeds and *** identify genes that regulate sucrose accumulation and transport in maize(Zea mays),we isolated carbo/iydrafe part/f/ofi/ngf defecf/Ve33(cpd33),a recessive mutant that accumulated excess starch and soluble sugars in mature *** cpd33 mutants also exhibited chlorosis in the leaf blades,greatly diminished plant growth,and reduced ***33 encodes a protein containing multiple C2 domains and transmembrane *** localization experiments showed the CPD33 protein localized to plasmodesmata(PD),the plasma membrane,and the endoplasmic *** also found that a loss-of-function mutant of the CPD33 homolog in Arabidopsis,QUIRkY,had a similar carbohydrate hyperaccumulation *** labeled sucrose transport assays showed that sucrose export was significantly lower in cpd33 mutant leaves relative to wild-type ***,PD transport in the adaxial-abaxial direction was unaffected in cpd33 mutant ***,transmission electron microscopy revealed fewer PD at the companion cell-sieve element interface in mutant phloem tissue,providing a possible explanation for the reduced sucrose export in mutant ***,our results suggest that CPD33 functions to promote symplastic transport into sieve elements.

关键词： carbohydrate accumulation companion cells phloem, plasmodesmata sieve elements symplastictransport

Comparative functional genomics identifies an iron-limited bottleneck in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with a cytosolic-localized isobutanol pathway

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2022年第2期7卷 738-749页

作者： Francesca V.Gambacorta Ellen R.Wagner tyler B.Jacobson Mary Tremaine laura k.Muehlbauer Mick A.McGee Justin J.Baerwald Russell l.Wrobel John F.Wolters Mike Place Joshua J.Dietrich Dan Xie Jose Serate Shabda Gajbhiye lisa liu Maikayeng Vang-Smith Joshua J.Coon Yaoping Zhang Audrey P.Gasch Daniel Amador-Noguez Chris Todd Hittinger Trey k.Sato Brian F.Pfleger DOE Great lakes Bioenergy Research Center University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA laboratory of Genetics Center for Genomic Science InnovationUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Bacteriology University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Wisconsin Energy Institute J.F.Crow Institute for the Study of EvolutionUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Biomolecular Chemistry University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

Metabolic engineering strategies have been successfully implemented to improve the production of isobutanol,a next-generation biofuel,in Saccharomyces ***,we explore how two of these strategies,pathway re-localization and redox cofactor-balancing,affect the performance and physiology of isobutanol producing *** equipped yeast with isobutanol cassettes which had either a mitochondrial or cytosolic localized isobutanol pathway and used either a redox-imbalanced(NADPH-dependent)or redox-balanced(NADH-dependent)ketol-acid reductoisomerase *** then conducted transcriptomic,proteomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate molecular differences between the engineered *** localization had a large effect on isobutanol production with the strain expressing the mitochondrial-localized enzymes producing 3.8-fold more isobutanol than strains expressing the cytosolic ***-balancing did not improve isobutanol titers and instead the strain with the redox-imbalanced pathway produced 1.5-fold more isobutanol than the balanced version,albeit at low overall pathway *** genomic analyses suggested that the poor performances of the cytosolic pathway strains were in part due to a shortage in cytosolic Fe-S clusters,which are required cofactors for the dihydroxyacid dehydratase *** then demonstrated that this cofactor limitation may be partially recovered by disrupting iron homeostasis with a fra2 mutation,thereby increasing cellular iron *** resulting isobutanol titer of the fra2 null strain harboring a cytosolic-localized isobutanol pathway outperformed the strain with the mitochondrial-localized pathway by 1.3-fold,demonstrating that both localizations can support flux to isobutanol.

关键词： Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isobutanol Functional genomics analysis Pathway localization Fe incorporation