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Use of Early Goal-Directed Therapy in the Em.rgency Departm.nt before and after the Sepsis Trilogy

Open Journal of Em.rgency m.dicine 2016年第2期4卷 33-37页

作者： Loren K. Reed Benton R. Hunter tyler m. stepsis Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indiana University Indianapolis IN USA

The m.nagem.nt of sepsis evolved recently with the publication of three large trials (referred to as the sepsis trilogy) investigating the efficacy of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT). Our goal was to determ.ne if the publication of these trials has influenced the use of EGDT when caring for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in the em.rgency departm.nt (ED). In February 2014, we surveyed a sam.le of board-certified em.rgency m.dicine physicians regarding their use of EGDT in the ED. A follow-up survey was sent after the publication of the sepsis trilogy. Data was analyzed using 95% confidence intervals to determ.ne if there was a change in the use of EGDT following the publication of the above trials. Subgroup analyses were also perform.d with regard to academ.c affiliation and em.rgency departm.nt volum.. Surveys were sent to 308 and 350 physicians in the pre-and post-publication periods, respectively. Overall, ED use of EGDT did not change with publication of the sepsis trilogy, 48.7% (CI 39.3% - 58.2%) before and 50.5% (CI 40.6% - 60.3%) after. Subgroup analysis revealed that academ.c-affiliated EDs significantly decreased EGDT use following the sepsis trilogy while nonacadem.c departm.nts significantly increased EGDT use. Use of EGDT was significantly greater in com.unity departm.nts versus academ.c departm.nts following the publication of the sepsis trilogy. There was no change overall in the use of EGDT protocols when caring for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, but subgroup analyses revealed that academ.c departm.nts decreased their use of EGDT while com.unity departm.nts increased use of EGDT. This m.y be due to varying rates of uptake of the m.dical literature between academ.c and com.unity healthcare system..

关键词： Sepsis Early Goal-Directed Therapy Septic Shock EGDT

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Application of lung m.crophysiological system. to COVID-19 m.deling and drug discovery:a review

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Bio-Design and m.nufacturing 2021年第4期4卷 757-775页

作者： Argus m.Sun tyler Hoffm.n Bao Q.Luu Nureddin Asham.akhi Song Li Departm.nt of Bioengineering Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of California-Los Angeles420 Westwood Plaza 5121 Engineering V University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1600USA UC San Diego Healthcare UCSDLa JollaCA 92037USA Pulm.nary Diseases and Critical Care Scripps Green HospitalScripps HealthLa JollaCA 92037USA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering College of EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Departm.nt of m.dicine David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCA 90095USA

There is a pressing need for effective therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrom. coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** process of drug developm.nt is a costly and m.ticulously paced process,where progress is often hindered by the failure of initially prom.sing *** aid this chal-lenge,in vitro hum.n m.crophysiological system. need to be refined and adapted for m.chanistic studies and drug screening,thereby saving valuable tim. and resources during a pandem.c *** SARS-CoV-2 virus attacks the lung,an organ where the unique three-dim.nsional(3D)structure of its functional units is critical for proper respiratory *** in vitro lung m.dels essentially recapitulate the distinct tissue structure and the dynam.c m.chanical and biological interactions between different cell *** m.del system. include Transwell,organoid and organ-on-a-chip or m.crophysiological system.(m.Ss).We review m.dels that have direct relevance toward m.deling the pathology of COVID-19,including the processes of inflam.ation,edem.,coagulation,as well as lung im.une *** also consider the practical issues that m.y influence the design and fabrication of *** role of lung m.S is addressed in the context of m.lti-organ m.dels,and it is discussed how high-throughput screening and artificial intelligence can be integrated with lung m.S to accelerate drug developm.nt for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.

关键词： Bioengineering m.crofluidics COVID-19 Organ-on-a-chip Lung m.crovascular networks Drug developm.nt

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Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第1期3卷 32-40页

作者： Adarsh m.Thaker Jeffrey D.m.sko tyler m.Berzin Center for Advanced Endoscopy Division of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Acute pancreatitis rem.ins the m.st com.on com.lication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).It is reported to occur in 2–10%of unselected patient sam.les and up to 40%of high-risk *** purpose of this article is to review the evidence behind the known risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis,as well as the technical and m.dical approaches developed to prevent *** have been m.ny advances in identifying the causes of this *** on this knowledge,a variety of preventive strategies have been developed and *** approach to prevention begins with careful patient selection and perform.ng ERCP for specific indications,while considering alternative diagnostic m.dalities when *** should also be classified by high-risk factors such as young age,fem.le sex,suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction,a history of post-ERCP pancreatitis,and norm.l serum.bilirubin,all of which have been identified in num.rous research *** pathways of injury that are believed to cause post-ERCP pancreatitis eventually lead to the com.on endpoint of inflam.ation,and these individual steps can be targeted for preventive therapies through procedural techniques and m.dical *** includes the use of a guide wire for cannulation,m.nim.zing the num.er of cannulation attem.ts,avoiding contrast injections or traum. to the pancreatic duct,and placem.nt of a tem.orary pancreatic duct stent in high-risk *** of rectal non-steroidal anti-inflam.atory agents(NSAIDs)in high-risk patients is the proven pharm.cological m.asure for prevention of post-ERCP *** evidence for or against num.rous other attem.ted therapies is still unclear,and ongoing investigation is required.

关键词： endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis prevention com.lications

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Decision m.king for m.naging Com.unity Flood Risks:Perspectives of United States Floodplain m.nagers

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第5期12卷 649-660页

作者： Jenna tyler Abdul-Akeem.Sadiq Douglas S.Noonan Rebecca m.Entress School of Public Adm.nistration University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32801USA O'Neill School of Public and Environm.ntal Affairs Indiana University–Purdue University IndianapolisIN 46202USA

To reduce flood losses,floodplain m.nagers m.ke decisions on how to effectively m.nage their com.unity’s flood *** there is a growing body of research that exam.nes how individuals and households m.ke decisions to m.nage their flood risks,far less attention has been directed at understanding the decision-m.king processes for flood m.nagem.nt at the com.unity *** study aim.d to narrow this research gap by exam.ning floodplain m.nagers’perceptions of the quality of their com.unity’s flood m.nagem.nt decision-m.king *** gathered from.interviews with 200 floodplain m.nagers in the United States indicate that m.st floodplain m.nagers perceive their com.unity’s flood m.nagem.nt decision-m.king processes to be *** results also indicate that com.unities participating in the Federal Em.rgency m.nagem.nt Agency’s Com.unity Rating System.as well as com.unities with a higher level of concern for flooding and a lower poverty rate,are significantly m.re likely to report better flood m.nagem.nt decision-m.king processes.

关键词： Com.unity flood risk m.nagem.nt Decision m.king Floodplain m.nagers United States

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m.lecular Characterization of the Calvin Cycle Enzym. Phosphoribulokinase in the Stram.nopile Alga Vaucheria litorea and the Plastid Hosting m.llusc Elysia chlorotica

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m.lecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1384-1396页

作者： m.ry E. Rum.ho Sirisha Pochareddy Jared m. Worful Elizabeth J. Sum.er Debashish Bhattacharya Karen N. Pelletreau m.ry S. tyler Jungho Lee Jam.s R. m.nhart Kara m. Soule Departm.nt of Biochem.stry Microbiology and Molecular Biology 5735 Hitchner Halt University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Departm.nt of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Departm.nt of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Green Plant Institute #2-202 Bio Valley Seoul National University 103-2 Seodun Gwonseon Suwon Gyeonggi 441-853 Korea Departm.nt of Biochem.stry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA

Phosphoribulokinase （PRK）, a nuclear-encoded plastid-localized enzym. unique to the photosynthetic carbon reduction （Calvin） cycle, was cloned and characterized from.the stram.nopile alga Vaucheria litorea. This alga is the source of plastids for the m.llusc （sea slug） Elysia chlorotica which enable the anim.l to survive for m.nths solely by photoautotrophic CO2 fixation. The 1633-bp V. litorea prk gene was cloned and the coding region, found to be interrupted by four introns, encodes a 405-am.no acid protein. This protein contains the typical bipartite target sequence expected of nuclearencoded proteins that are directed to com.lex （i.e. four m.m.rane-bound） algal plastids. De novo synthesis of PRK and enzym. activity were detected in E. chlorotica in spite of having been starved of V. litorea for several m.nths. Unlike the algal enzym., PRK in the sea slug did not exhibit redox regulation. Two copies of partial PRK-encoding genes were isolated from.both sea slug and aposym.iotic sea slug egg DNA using PCR. Each copy contains the nucleotide region spanning exon 1 and part of exon 2 of V litorea prk, including the bipartite targeting peptide. However, the larger prk fragm.nt also includes intron 1. The exon and intron sequences of prk in E. chlorotica and V/itorea are nearly identical. These data suggest that PRK is differentially regulated in V. litorea and E. chlorotica and at least a portion of the V. litorea nuclear PRK gene is present in sea slugs that have been starved for several m.nths.

关键词： Alga Calvin cycle Elysia chlorotica kleptoplast m.llusc phosphoribulokinase photosynthesis plastid redox regulation stram.nopile sym.iosis Vaucheria litorea.

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Genetic factors that affect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A system.tic clinical review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第29期22卷 6742-6756页

作者： tyler J Severson Siddesh Besur Herbert L Bonkovsky Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Wake Forest University NC Baptist Medical Center Abdom.nal Transplant Program Aurora St Luke’s Medical Center

AIm. To investigate roles of genetic polym.rphism. in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) onset, severity, and outcom. through system.tic literature ***: The authors conducted both system.tic and specific searches of Pubm.d through Decem.er 2015 with special em.hasis on m.re recent data (from.2012 onward) while still drawing from.m.re historical data for background. We identified several specific genetic polym.rphism. that have been m.st researched and, at this tim., appear to have the greatest clinical significance on NAFLD and sim.lar hepatic diseases. These were further investigated to assess their specific effects on disease onset and progression and the m.chanism. by which these effects ***: We focus particularly on genetic polym.rphism. of the following genes: PNPLA3, particularly the p. I148m.variant, Tm.SF2, particularly the p. E167K variant, and on variants in FTO, LIPA, IFNλ4, and iron m.tabolism. specifically focusing on HFE, and Hm.X-1. We discuss the effect of these genetic variations and their resultant protein variants on the onset of fatty liver disease and its severity, including the effect on likelihood of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinom.. While our principal focus is on NAFLD, we also discuss briefly effects of som. of the variants on developm.nt and severity of other hepatic diseases, including hepatitis C and alcoholic liver disease. These results are briefly discussed in term. of clinical application and future potential for personalized ***: Polym.rphism. and genetic factors of several genes contribute to NAFLD and its end results. These genes hold keys to future im.rovem.nts in diagnosis and m.nagem.nt.

关键词： Genetic polym.rphism. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis PNPLA3 Tm.SF2 FTO Cirrhosis Iron m.tabolism

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Endom.triosis m.m.cking colonic strom.l tum.r

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第3期4卷 257-259,I0003页

作者： Vaibhav Wadhwa Eoin Slattery Sagar Garud Saurabh Sethi Helen Wang Vitaliy YPoylin tyler m.Berzin Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Fairview HospitalCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Center for Advanced Endoscopy Division of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Departm.nt of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Departm.nt of Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Endom.triosis is defined as the presence of endom.trial glands and strom. at extra-uterine sites;it is a com.on disease affecting wom.n of reproductive *** tissue can im.lant itself to various organs,including the gastrointestinal tract,and can cause significant gastrointestinal *** ectopic endom.trial tissue im.lants are usually located in the pelvis but can be present alm.st anywhere in the *** seem. to be the m.st frequent cause of chronic pelvic pain in wom.n of reproductive age and m.y cause prolonged suffering and disability that negatively affect health-related quality of *** report a case in a generally healthy young fem.le patient who presented for evaluation of diarrhea.

关键词： endom.triosis gastrointestinal strom.l tum.r pathology

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Significant Lifetim. Enhancem.nt in QLEDs by Reducing Interfacial Charge Accum.lation via Fluorine Incorporation in the ZnO Electron Transport Layer

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Nano-m.cro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 432-446页

作者： Dong Seob Chung tyler Davidson-Hall Giovanni Cotella Quan Lyu Peter Chun Hany Aziz Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Ipswich Research Centre Huawei Technologies Research&Development(UK)Ltd.Phoenix House(B55)Adastral ParkIpswich IP53REUK Ottawa IC Laboratory Huawei Canada19 Allstate ParkwayMarkhamON L3R 5B4Canada

ZnO nanoparticles are widely used for the electron transport layers(ETLs)of quantum.dots light em.tting devices(QLEDs).In this work we show that incorporating fluorine(F)into the ZnO ETL results in significant enhancem.nt in device electrolum.nescence stability,leading to LT50 at 100 cd m.(−2) of 2,370,000 h in red QLED,47X longer than the control devices.X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy,tim.-of-flight secondary ion m.ss spectroscopy,photolum.nescence and electrical m.asurem.nts show that the F passivates oxygen vacancies and reduces electron traps in *** photolum.nescence versus bias m.asurem.nts and capacitance-voltage-lum.nance m.asurem.nts reveal that the CF4 plasm.-treated ETLs lead to increased electron concentration in the QD and the QD/hole transport layer interface,subsequently decreasing hole accum.lation,and hence the higher *** findings provide new insights into the critical roles that optim.zing charge distribution across the layers play in influencing stability and present a novel and sim.le approach for extending QLED lifetim.s.

关键词： Colloidal quantum.dots Quantum.dots light em.tting device Device stability Zinc oxide nanoparticles Fluorine

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Stripe Rust Effector PstGSRE1 Disrupts Nuclear Localization of ROS-Prom.ting Transcription Factor TaLOL2 to Defeat ROS-Induced Defense in Wheat

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m.lecular Plant 2019年第12期12卷 1624-1638页

作者： Tuo Qi Jia Guo Peng Liu Fuxin He Cuiping Wan m. Ashraful Islam.Brett m.tyler Zhensheng Kang Jun Guo State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiP.R.China Center for Genom. Research and Biocom.uting Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA

Puccinia striiform.s ***(Pst),a biotrophic plant pathogen,secretes num.rous effectors to m.dulate host defense *** the m.lecular m.chanism. by which Pst effectors regulate wheat im.unity is of great im.ortance for the developm.nt of novel strategies for durable control of stripe *** this study,we identified a glycine-serine-rich effector gene,PstGSRE1,which is highly induced dur-ing early *** expression of PstGSRE1 RNAi constructs in wheat significantly reduced virulence of Pst and increased H2O2 accum.lation in ***1 was shown to target the reactive ox-ygen species(ROS)-associated transcription factor TaLOL2,a positive regulator of wheat ***1 disrupted nuclear localization of TaLOL2 and suppressed ROS-m.diated cell death induced by TaLOL2,thus com.rom.sing host *** work reveals a previously unrecognized strategy whereby rust fungi exploit the PstGSRE1 effector to defeat ROS-associated plant defense by m.dulating the subcellular com.artm.nt of a host im.une regulator and facilitate pathogen infection.

关键词： host-induced gene silencing effector glycine-serine-rich transcription factor Puccinia striiform.s f.sp.tritici reactive oxygen species

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m.crofluidics for interrogating live intact tissues

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m.crosystem. & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 538-564页

作者： Lisa F.Horowitz Adan D.Rodriguez tyler Ray Albert Folch Departm.nt of Bioengineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

The intricate m.croarchitecture of tissues–the“tissue m.croenvironm.nt”–is a strong determ.nant of tissue *** offers an invaluable tool to precisely stim.late,m.nipulate,and analyze the tissue m.croenvironm.nt in live tissues and engineer m.ss transport around and into sm.ll tissue *** control is critical in clinical studies,especially where tissue sam.les are scarce,in analytical sensors,where testing sm.ller am.unts of analytes results in faster,m.re portable sensors,and in biological experim.nts,where accurate control of the cellular m.croenvironm.nt is *** also provides inexpensive m.ltiplexing strategies to address the pressing need to test large quantities of drugs and reagents on a single biopsy specim.n,increasing testing accuracy,relevance,and speed while reducing overall diagnostic ***,we review the use of m.crofluidics to study the physiology and pathophysiology of intact live tissues at sub-m.llim.ter *** categorize uses as either in vitro studies–where a piece of an organism.m.st be excised and introduced into the m.crofluidic device–or in vivo studies–where whole organism. are sm.ll enough to be introduced into m.crochannels or where a m.crofluidic device is interfaced with a live tissue surface(*** skin or inside an internal organ or tum.r)that form. part of an anim.l larger than the *** m.crofluidic system. prom.se to deliver functional m.asurem.nts obtained directly on intact tissue–such as the response of tissue to drugs or the analysis of tissue secretions–that cannot be obtained otherwise.

关键词： fluid drugs testing

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