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The barren stalk2 Gene Is Required for Axillary Meristem Development in Maize

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Molecular Plant 2019年第3期12卷 374-389页

作者： Hong Yao Andrea Skirpan Brian Wardell Michaela S.Matthes Norman B.Best tyler McCubbin Amanda Durbak Taylor Smith Simon Malcomber Paula McSteen Division of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Plant GroupBond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA Department of Biology Penn State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Department of Biological Sciences California State UniversityLongBeachCA90840USA Division of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Plant GroupColumbiaMO65211USA Present address:National Science Foundation 2415 Eisenhower AvenueAlexandriaVA22314USA

The diversity of plant architecture is determined by axillary meristems (AMs). AMs are produced from small groups of stem cells in the axils of leaf primordia and generate vegetative branches and reproductive inflorescences . Previous studies identified genes critical for AM development that function in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling. barren stalkl (ba1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, acts downstream of auxin to control AM formation. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of barren stalk2 (ba2), a mutant that fails to produce ears and has fewer branches and spikelets in the tassel, indicating that ba2 functions in reproductive AM development. Furthermore, the ba2 mutation suppresses tiller growth in the teosinte branchedl mutant, indicating that ba2 also plays an essential role in vegetative AM development. The ba2 gene encodes a protein that co-localizes and heterodimerizes with BA1 in the nucleus . Characterization of the genetic interaction between ba2 and ba1 demonstrates that ba1 shows a gene dosage effect in ba2 mutants, providing further evidence that BA1 and BA2 act together in the same pathway. Characterization of the molecular and genetic interaction between ba2 and additional genes required for the regulation of ba1 further supports this finding. The ba1 and ba2 genes are orthologs of rice genes, LAX PANICLE1 (LAX1) and LAX2, respectively, hence providing insights into pathways controlling AMs development in grasses.

关键词： maize axillary meristem inflorescenee auxin

JOHN HAY, from Poetry to Politics

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清华大学学报(自然科学版) 1934年第2期 512-516页

作者： tyler Dennett,蒋延黻 Now York Dodd Mead & Company

Effect of pelvic fixation on ambulation in children with neuromuscular scoliosis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第8期13卷 753-759页

作者： Luke Drake Hamdi Sukkarieh tyler McDonald Eldrin Bhanat Elisa Quince Myles Atkins Patrick Wright Jaysson Brooks Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMI 39110United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of South AlabamaMobileAL 36608United States School of Medicine William Carey College of MedicineHattiesburgMI 39401United States School of Medicine Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGE 30310United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery UT-SouthwesternDallasTX 75219United States

BACKGROUND The effect of posterior spinal fusion(PSF)incorporating the pelvis on an ambulatory patient’s ability to mobilize after the fusion is not well *** To see whether a posterior spinal fusion with pelvic fixation using iliac or sacral alar iliac screws in ambulatory neuromuscular scoliosis(NMS)patients influences postoperative ambulatory *** A retrospective review of all patients with NMS that underwent PSF with fixation incorporating the pelvis between January 1,2012 and February 29,2019.A total of 118 patients were eligible,including 11 ambulatory *** primary outcome was the maintenance of ambulatory status *** outcomes included postoperative curve magnitude,pelvic obliquity,and complications,comprising infections,instrumentation failure,and any unplanned returns to the operative *** The ambulatory function was maintained in all 11 ambulatory NMS *** patient had an improvement in functional status with equipment-free ambulation *** average postoperative follow-up was 19 *** overall complication rate was 19.4%(n=23)with no significant differences between the groups in infection(P=0.365),hardware failure(P=0.505),and reoperation rate(P=1.0).Ambulatory status did not affect complication rate(P=0.967).CONCLUSION Spinal fusion to the pelvis in ambulatory patients with NMS provides effective deformity correction without the reduction in ambulatory capabilities.

关键词： Pelvic fixation Ambulation Neuromuscular scoliosis Pediatrics Posterior spinal fusion Pelvis

Mannose metabolism normalizes gut homeostasis by blocking the TNF-α-mediated proinflammatory circuit

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第2期20卷 119-130页

作者： Peng Xiao Ziwei Hu Jiaheng Lang Tianyuan Pan Randall tyler Mertens Huilun Zhang Ke Guo Manlu Shen Hongqiang Cheng Xue Zhang Qian Cao Yuehai Ke Department of Gastroenterology Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Gastroenterology at Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Immunological Disease Research Center Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province HangzhouChina Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Department of General Medicine The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Department of Immunology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine Zhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouChina

Mannose is a naturally occurring sugar widely consumed in the daily diet;however,mechanistic insights into how mannose metabolism affects intestinal inflammation remain ***,we reported that mannose supplementation ameliorated colitis development and promoted colitis ***-secreted inflammatory cytokines,particularly TNF-α,induced pathological endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)in intestinal epithelial cells(IECs),which was prevented by mannose via normalization of protein *** preserving epithelial integrity,mannose reduced the inflammatory activation of colonic *** the other hand,mannose directly suppressed macrophage TNF-αproduction translationally by reducing the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate level,thus promoting GAPDH binding to TNF-α***,we found dysregulated mannose metabolism in the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel ***,we revealed that activating PMM2 activity with epalrestat,a clinically approved drug for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy,elicited further sensitization to the therapeutic effect of ***,mannose metabolism prevents TNF-α-mediated pathogenic crosstalk between IECs and intestinal macrophages,thereby normalizing aberrant immunometabolism in the gut.

关键词： Colitis Mannose Macrophages Intestinal epithelial cells TNF-alpha Endoplasmic reticulum stress

垂向和侧向非均质性的半定量分类——一种提高常规采收率的预测手段

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地质科技通报 1991年第4期 67-68页

作者： N.tyler 李蕙生

按现代技术和发展水平,得克萨斯州石油储层的最终采收率预计是原地石油的36％。因此,在证实储量回采之后,在全州范围内已发现的165×10～9桶石油,有106×10～9桶目前仍残留在储层中。这种剩余储量包括残余油(71×10～9桶)和可动油(35×1... 详细信息

按现代技术和发展水平,得克萨斯州石油储层的最终采收率预计是原地石油的36％。因此,在证实储量回采之后,在全州范围内已发现的165×10～9桶石油,有106×10～9桶目前仍残留在储层中。这种剩余储量包括残余油(71×10～9桶)和可动油(35×10～9桶)。残余可动油通常也可被回采,但由于储层内隔层或界面的存在,而被阻止运移到井孔内。

关键词：非均质性垂向储层构型侧向采收率

Predicting densities and elastic moduli of SiO_(2)-based glasses by machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1455-1467页

作者： Yong-Jie Hu Ge Zhao Mingfei Zhang Bin Bin tyler Del Rose Qian Zhao Qun Zu Yang Chen Xuekun Sun Maarten de Jong Liang Qi Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Statistics Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePA 16802USA Fariborz Maseeh Department of Mathematics and Statistics Portland State UniversityPortlandOR 97207USA Sinoma Science&Technology Co. Ltd.210012 NanjingJiangsuChina Continental Technology LLC IndianapolisIN 46033USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Space Exploration Technologies(SpaceX) HawthorneCA 90250USA

Chemical design of SiO_(2)-based glasses with high elastic moduli and low weight is of great ***,it is difficult to find a universal expression to predict the elastic moduli according to the glass composition before synthesis since the elastic moduli are a complex function of interatomic bonds and their ordering at different length *** we show that the densities and elastic moduli of SiO_(2)-based glasses can be efficiently predicted by machine learning(ML)techniques across a complex compositional space with multiple(>10)types of additive oxides besides SiO_(2).Our machine learning approach relies on a training set generated by high-throughput molecular dynamic(MD)simulations,a set of elaborately constructed descriptors that bridges the empirical statistical modeling with the fundamental physics of interatomic bonding,and a statistical learning/predicting model developed by implementing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator with a gradient boost machine(GBM-LASSO).

关键词： glasses moduli bridges

Effect of New Auxin Herbicide Formulations on Control of Herbicide Resistant Weeds and on Microbial Activities in the Rhizosphere

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第17期7卷 2429-2439页

作者： Vijay K. Nandula Heather L. tyler Crop Production Systems Research Unit U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Stoneville MS USA

Widespread distribution of glyphosate-resistant weeds in soybean-growing areas across Mississippi has economically affected soybean planting and follow-up crop management operations. New multiple herbicide-resistant crop (including soybean) technologies with associated formulations will soon be commercialized. The objectives of this research were to determine the efficacy of new 2,4-D + glyphosate and dicamba formulations on herbicide resistant weeds, and to determine the impact of the new 2,4-D + glyphosate formulation on microbial communities in the soybean rhizosphere involved in nutrient cycling. New 2,4-D + glyphosate and dicamba formulations registered for use on 2,4-D and dicamba-resistant soybean, respectively, adequately controlled glyphosate resistant and susceptible pigweeds (Palmer amaranth and tall waterhemp) and common ragweed. The 2,4-D + glyphosate formulation did not significantly impact soil microbial activities linked to nutrient cycling in the soybean rhizosphere. These results indicate these new 2,4-D + glyphosate and dicamba formulations can be effective in controlling glyphosate resistant and other herbicide resistant weeds while not having adverse effects on the activities of beneficial soil microorganisms.

关键词： 2 4-D Dicamba Glyphosate Resistance Soil Microbiology Soybean

Intrinsic carrier multiplication in layered Bi_(2)O_(2)Se avalanche photodiodes with gain bandwidth product exceeding 1 GHz

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Nano Research 2021年第6期14卷 1961-1966页

作者： Vinod K.Sangwan Joohoon Kang David Lam J.tyler Gish Spencer A.Wells Jan Luxa James P.Male GJeffrey Snyder Zdenek Sofer Mark C.Hersam Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology PragueTechnicka 516628Prague 6Czech Republic Department of Chemistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA

Emerging layered semiconductors present multiple advantages for optoelectronic technologies including high carrier mobilities,strong light-matter interactions,and tunable optical absorption and ***,metal-semiconductor-metal avalanche photodiodes(APDs)are fabricated from Bi2O2Se crystals,which consist of electrostatically bound[Bi2O2]2+and[Se]2−*** resulting APDs possess an intrinsic carrier multiplication factor up to 400 at 7 K with a responsivity gain exceeding 3,000 A/W and bandwidth of~400 kHz at a visible wavelength of 515.6 nm,ultimately resulting in a gain bandwidth product exceeding 1 *** to exceptionally low dark currents,Bi2O2Se APDs also yield high detectivities up to 4.6×1014 Jones.A systematic analysis of the photocurrent temperature and bias dependence reveals that the carrier multiplication process in Bi2O2Se APDs is consistent with a reverse biased Schottky diode model with a barrier height of~44 meV,in contrast to the charge trapping extrinsic gain mechanism that dominates most layered semiconductor *** this manner,layered Bi2O2Se APDs provide a unique platform that can be exploited in a diverse range of high-performance photodetector applications.

关键词： layered semiconductor photodetector high-frequency Schottky diode impact ionization

Living in the environment 13th ed.

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