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Frailty in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years and Older: Prevalence and Predictors

World Journal of AIDS 2024年第1期14卷 18-34页

作者： Alassane Ndiaye Ndèye Fatou ngom kiné Ndiaye Assiétou Gaye Elhadji Bara Diop Ahmadou Mboup Houlèye Saou Bessoume Sy Ababacar Niang Betty Fall Mame Awa Faye Outpatient Treatment Clinic (CTA) Dakar Senegal Medicine Department of Health and Sustainable Development/Research and Training Unit (UFRSDD) Alioune Diop University of Bambey Diourbel Senegal Health and Development Institute (ISED) Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Geriatrics and Gerontology Department Fann National Teaching Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Life expectancy improvement for people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is coming up against the problems associated with aging and chronic diseases. Frailty is a concern affecting a growing number of patients, particularly the elderly in this population. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of frailty and its predictors on people living with HIV aged 50 years and older followed at the Outpatient Treatment Clinic (CTA) in Dakar. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study of descriptive and analytic purposes ranging from November 2022 to August 2023, in CTA, Dakar (Senegal). We included people living with HIV aged 50 years and older under antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months (≥6 months). Frailty was considered according to Fried criteria with a score ≥3. To identify the predictors of frailty, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis using STATA software version 18. Results: We included 199 patients. The median age at the moment of the study was 58 years old [50 - 91] with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.58. The most representative age group was that of [50 - 59] years (59.3%). HIV-1 profile was most common in 89.45%. The median duration under antiretroviral therapy was 180 months [6 - 284] and 94% of patients received a Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF)-containing regimen with 43% of them for at least 10 years. Viral load was undetectable (≤40 copies/ml) in 98% of cases. WHO Stage III was more common at inclusion and 55.78% had nadir TCD4+ Lymphocyte counts Conclusion: Our study confirms the high prevalence of frailty among older people living with HIV. Its prevention should consider the management of comorbidities and the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions such as nutrition.

关键词： Frailty HIV Senior Dakar

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Overview of harmful algal blooms(red tides)in Hong Kong during 1975–2021

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第6期40卷 2094-2106页

作者： kin Chung HO Department of Geography University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionHong Kong 999077China College of Marine Ecology and Environment Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China

Hong Kong has a long historical record of harmful algal blooms(HABs).In the 1980s-1990s,HABs were mainly pollution-related and most of the events happened in estuaries and enclosed embayment such as Tolo Harbour and Port *** major cause of HABs in 1980s-1990s was closely related to nutrients enrichment;included but not limited to changes in the concentration and ratio of soluble N and P in *** major causative organisms of HABs in Hong Kong by then were meso-plankton such as selected species of diatoms and dinofl ***,zooplankton was also a cause of red tides(the common name of HABs).There has been gradual change after the *** is attributed to higher and higher influences from the region,namely the Zhujiang(Pearl)River *** are increasing influences from Chinese mainland due to extraordinary social and economic growths during the past 20 *** the past10 years,HABs in Hong Kong was mainly subject to regional impacts in the Zhujiang River *** the duration period and covered areas have been enlarged which overwhelmed the localized influences of stream pollution and self-contamination of aquaculture *** flagellates of uncommon happening become dominant species in HAB ***,the seasonal impact of Noctiluca scintillans in late winter to mid spring remained.

关键词： harmful algal blooms(HABs) Tolo Harbour long-term trend regional eutrophication and environmental impacts

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Profile of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Internal Medicine

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 64-73页

作者： Mouhamed Dieng Djiby Sow Demba Diédhiou Michel Assane Ndour Boundia Djiba Mouhamed Almahy Niang Matar Ndiaye Oumar Boun Khattab Diouf Fatou kiné Gadji Anna Sar Maïmouna Ndour Mbaye Clinique Médicale II H&ocircpital Aristide Abass Ndao Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that mainly affects the lung. Extrapulmonary localizations are a reason for hospitalization in our health facilities. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary aspects of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPT) at the Abass Ndao Hospital Center. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 11 years (January 1, 2010 to December 30, 2021). All patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis hospitalized in the department of internal medicine during the recruitment period were included. Results: Fifty-two (52) patients were collected. The year 2019 recorded the most cases 23.08% (n = 20). The mean age of the patients was 40.56 ± 18.24 years. The age group 20 - 34 years 42.31% (n = 22) was the most represented. Females were in the majority 61.54% (n = 32) with a sex ratio (M/F) was 0.63. Housewives were in the majority 40.38% (n = 21). 60.87% of the cases (n = 14) came from a health facility. 38.46% of the cases had been infected. 21.74% (n = 9) were smokers. The reasons for consultation were dominated by fever (67.44%), AEG (62.79%) and cough (41.86%). Eighteen patients (40.91%) had fever. The mean time to consultation was 77.37 ± 90.3 days with extremes of 3 and 365 days. The median was 45 days. More than half of the patients 61.90% (n = 26) had anemia. Positive retroviral serology was noted in 21.43% of cases. All patients had a CRP greater than 6. More than half of the patients 51.92% (n = 27) had multifocal tuberculosis. The peritoneum 44.23% (n = 23) was the main organ affected. The average hospital stay was 9.8 ± 4.9 days with extremes of 1 and 19 days. All patients had received the protocol in force at the national level. Death was noted in 4 patients (9.52%). Conclusion: EPT is characterized in our context by a notorious diagnostic difficulty due to the multiplicity of clinical presentations, the complexity of

关键词： Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Epidemiology Diagnosis Senegal

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Morphological variability and genetic diversity in five species of Skeletonema(Bacillariophyta)

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第11期18卷 1345-1355页

作者： Ho kin-Chung School of Science & Technology The Open University of Hong Kong

Twelve strains of Skeletonema from Chinese coastal waters and another strain from the West Sea of Korea were examined using light microscopy(LM),scanning and transmission electron microscopy(SEM,TEM),and small subunit(SSU)rDNA sequence *** identified four species of Skeletonema:*** Sarno et Zingone,***(***)Bethge,*** Sarno et Kooistra,***- icum Cleve,as well as a Skeletonema-like *** are the first records of ***,*** and *** in *** Skeletonema-like species,MMDL5067,was isolated from the estuary of the Changjiang *** morphologic and phylogenetic char- acteristics of this species are not correspond to those of any previously published Skeletonema *** intercalary fultoportula pro- cesses(IFPPs)has long open tubes,and the intercalary rimoportula process(IRP)is short and located inside the rim of the IFPPs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MMDL5630 clustered with *** in the NJ and MP trees,but its IRPs differed from those of previously described specimens of *** IRP is partially open,with an elongated opening at the base of the tube,and is longer than the *** specimens of *** and *** also have longer tubular IRPs than the *** to pre- viously described specimens of *** and ***,these two specimens we identified have shorter *** results reflect the ambiguity and diversity of Skeletonema *** are also significant for the future identification and management of red tides caused by Skeletonema in the seas around China.

关键词： Morphological variability Genetic diversity Skeletonema SSU rDNA

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Copula-Based Risk Management Models for Multivariable RMB Exchange Rate in the Process of RMB Internationalization

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2017年第3期30卷 660-679页

作者： DU Jiangze LAI kin Keung School of Finance Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Hong Kong University International Business School Shaanxi Normal University

This paper investigates the dependence of the exchange rate of onshore Renminbi(RMB)and offshore RMB against US dollar(i.e., CNY and CNH) based on copula models. Eleven different copulas were selected to construct multivariate distribution and estimate the value-at-risk for RMB exchange rate. Empirical results show that time-invariant Student-t copula is the best model to fit the sample data. The positive upper and lower dependence indicates that CNY and CNH series tend to move in the same direction. Moreover, the dependence between the two exchange rates is asymmetric,which means that traditional models, such as Pearson's correlation, are inappropriate to measure the correlations between these markets. The best fitted model is chosen to estimate the financial risk,which can help business practitioners and policymakers track risk evolution and make good decisions.

关键词： Copula modeling RMB exchange rate RMB internationalization value-at-risk.

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On-line Optimization of Biomimetic Undulatory Swimming by an Experiment-based Approach

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第2期11卷 213-225页

作者： Chunlin Zhou kin Huat Low Department of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore

An experiment-based approach is proposed to improve the performance of biomimetic undulatory locomotion through on-line optimization. The approach is implemented through two steps：（1） the generation of coordinated swimming gaits by artificial Central Pattern Generators （CPGs）; （2） an on-line searching of optimal parameter sets for the CPG model using Genetic Algorithm （GA）. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated in the optimization of swimming speed and energy effi- ciency for a biomimetic fin propulsor. To evaluate how well the input energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the pro- pulsor, an energy-efficiency index is presented and utilized as a feedback to regulate the on-line searching with a closed-loop swimming control. Experiments were conducted on propulsor prototypes with different fin segments and the optimal swimming patterns were found separately. Comparisons of results show that the optimal curvature of undulatory propulsor, which might have different shapes depending on the actual prototype design and control scheme. It is also found that the propulsor with six fin segments, is preferable because of hizher speed and lower energy efficiency.

关键词： robotic fish biomimetics locomotion optimization CPG GA

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Intraday Volume Percentages Forecasting Using a Dynamic SVM-Based Approach

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2017年第2期30卷 421-433页

作者： LIU Xiaotao LAI kin Keung Department of Finance Central China Normal University International Business School Shaanxi Normal University Department of Management Sciences City University of Hong Kong

This paper proposes a dynamic model to forecast intraday volume percentages by decomposing the trade volume into two parts: The average part as the intraday volume pattern and the residual term as the abnormal changes. An empirical test on data spanning half-a-year gold futures and S&P 500 futures reveals that a rolling average of the previous days' volume percentages shows great predictive ability for the average part. An SVM approach with the input pattern consisting of two categories is employed to forecast the residual term. One is the previous days' volume percentages in the same time interval and the other is the most recent volume percentages. The study shows that this dynamic SVM-based forecasting approach outperforms the other commonly used statistical methods and enhances the tracking performance of a VWAP strategy greatly.

关键词： Intraday volume percentages principal component decomposition SVM VWAP.

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Deep residual learning for denoising Monte Carlo renderings

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Computational Visual Media 2019年第3期5卷 239-255页

作者： kin-Ming Wong Tien-Tsin Wong Artixels Hong Kong S.A.R.China Department of Computer Science and Engineering the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong S.A.R.China

Learning-based techniques have recently been shown to be effective for denoising Monte Carlo rendering methods. However, there remains a quality gap to state-of-the-art handcrafted denoisers. In this paper, we propose a deep residual learning based method that outperforms both state-of-the-art handcrafted denoisers and learning-based *** the indirect nature of existing learning-based methods(which e.g., estimate the parameters and kernel weights of an explicit feature based filter), we directly map the noisy input pixels to the smoothed output. Using this direct mapping formulation, we demonstrate that even a simple-and-standard ResNet and three common auxiliary features(depth, normal,and albedo) are sufficient to achieve high-quality denoising. This minimal requirement on auxiliary data simplifies both training and integration of our method into most production rendering pipelines. We have evaluated our method on unseen images created by a different renderer. Consistently superior quality denoising is obtained in all cases.

关键词： Monte Carlo rendering denoising deep learning deep residual learning filter-free denoising

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Epidemiological, Clinical, and Evolutionary Profile of Type 1 Diabetics in the Internal Medicine Department of the Abass Ndao Hospital from 2010 to 2021 (about 659 Cases)

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第1期14卷 69-79页

作者： Sow Djiby Djiba Boundia Ndour Michel Assane Diedhiou Demba Dieng Mouhamed Diallo Ibrahima Mané Ndiaye Rama Saou Houleye Fall Ndiouga Ndiaye Matar Gadji Fatou kiné Sarr Anna Diop Said Nourou Ndour Mbaye Maimouna Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Hospital Abass Ndao Dakar Sénéga

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes can have acute complications, sometimes requiring hospitalization. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of type 1 diabetes in patients at the Abass Ndao National Hospital in Dakar. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 01, 2010 to December 31, 2021. It focused on hospitalized type 1 diabetic patients. Epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary data were evaluated. Results: Six hundred and fifty-nine (659) patients were enrolled, representing a frequency of 11.5%. The mean age was 29.47 years, giving a sex ratio (m/f) of 0.95. Average hospital stay was 6.1 days. One hundred and forty-four (144) patients (21.8%) had inaugural diabetes. The average consultation time was 14.89 days. Acute metabolic complications were ketoacidosis in 353 patients (56%), and hypoglycemia in 1.2%. Simple hyperglycemia was noted in 113 patients (18.0%). Infection was present in 522 patients (58.3%), of whom 95 (28.2%) had a skin infection.55 patients (16.3%) had a respiratory infection. 12.3% had a dietary imbalance.176 cases (27.7%) had no imbalance.26 patients (3.9%) died, with infectious pathologies accounting for the majority of decompensation factors among the deceased (57.7%). Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes is a cause of morbidity and mortality. It is essential to develop and implement a prevention and management program.

关键词： Type 1 Diabetes Epidemiology Mortality Senegal

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A truncated hepatitis E virus ORF2 protein expressed in tobacco plastids is immunogenic in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第2期12卷 306-312页

作者： Yuan-Xiang Zhou Maggie Yuk-Ting Lee James Ming-Him ng Mee-Len Chye Wing-kin Yip Sze-Yong Zee Eric Lam Department of Botany The University of Hong Kong PokfulamRoad Hong Kong China Biotech Center Rutgers University 59 Dudley RoadNew Brunswick NJ 08901-8520 United States

AIM： To cost-effectively express the 23-ku pE2, the most promising subunit vaccine encoded by the E2 fragment comprising of the 3＇-portion of hepatitis E virus （HEV） open reading frame 2 （ORF2） in plastids of tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1）, to investigate the transgene expression and pE2 accumulation in plastids, and to evaluate the antigenic effect of the plastid-derived pE2 in mice. METHODS： Plastid-targeting vector pRB94-E2 containing the E2 fragment driven by rice psbA promoter was constructed. Upon delivery into tobacco plastids, this construct could initiate homologous recombination in psaB-trnfM and trng-psbC fragments in plastid genome, and result in transgene inserted between the two fragments. The pRB94-E2 was delivered with a biolistic particle bombardment method, and the plastid-transformed plants were obtained following the regeneration of the bombarded leaf tissues on a spectinomycin-supplemented medium. Transplastomic status of the regenerated plants was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis, transgene expression was investigated by Northern blot analysis, and accumulation of pE2 was measured by ELISA. Furthermore, protein extracts were used to immunize mice, and the presence of the pE2-reactive antibodies in serum samples of the immunized mice was studied by ELISA. RESULTS： Transplastomic lines confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis could actively transcribe the E2 mRNA. The pE2 polypeptide was accumulated to a level as high as 13.27 μg/g fresh leaves. The pE2 could stimulate the immunized mice to generate pE2-specific antibodies. CONCLUSION： HEV-E2 fragment can be inserted into the plastid genome and the recombinant pE2 antigen derived is antigenic in mice. Hence, plastids may be a novel source for cost-effective production of HEV vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis E virus E2 Plastid transformation Vaccine Tobacco

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