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Light metal compound casting

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 46-51页

作者： Konrad j. M. PAPIS j.erg f. LOEf.LER Peter j. UGGOWITZER ETH Zurich Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10

‘Compound casting’simplif.es j.ining processes by directly casting a metallic melt onto a solid metal substrate. A continuously metallurgic transition is very important f.r industrial applications, such as j.int structures of.spacef.ame constructions in transport industry. In this proj.ct, ‘compound casting’ of.light metals is investigated, aiming at weight-saving. The substrate used is a wrought aluminium alloy of.type AA5xxx, containing magnesium as main alloying element. The melts are aluminium alloys, containing various alloying elements (Cu, Si, Zn), and magnesium. By replacing the natural oxygen layer with a zinc layer, the inherent wetting dif.iculties were avoided, and compounds with f.awless interf.ces were successf.lly produced (no contraction def.cts, cracks or oxides). Electron microscopy and EDX investigations as well as optical micrographs of.the interf.cial areas revealed their continu- ously metallic constitution. Dif.usion of.alloying elements leads to heat-treatable microstructures in the vicinity of.the j.ining interf.ces in Al-Al couples. This permits signif.cant variability of.mechanical properties. Without signif.cantly cutting down on wettability, the f.rmation of.low-melting intermetallic phases (Al3Mg2 and Al12Mg17 IMPs) at the interf.ce of.Al-Mg couples was avoided by applying a protective coating to the substrate.

关键词： compound casting aluminium alloys magnesium alloys interf.ce structure

Sexual selection af.ects the sizes of.the mammalian prostate gland and seminal vesicles

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Current Zoology 2009年第1期55卷 1-8页

作者： Matthew j. ANDERSON Alan f. DIXSON Conservation and Research f.r Endangered Species Zoological Society of San Diego School of.Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington

The accessory reproductive glands of.male mammals contribute the bulk of.the secretions in which spermatozoa are transported to the f.male tract during copulation. Despite their morphological diversity, and the chemical complexity of.their products, little is known about the possible ef.ects of.sexual selection upon these glands in mammals. Here we consider the seminal vesicles and prostate glands in a sample of.89 species and 60 genera representing 8 Orders of.mammals. The sizes of.the accessory glands are analysed in relation to body weight and testes weight. Both the seminal vesicles size and prostate size （corrected f.r body weight） correlate positively with relative testes size in this sample; this f.nding remains highly signif.cant af.er application of.procedures to correct f.r possible phylogenetic biases in the data set. The accessory reproductive glands are also signif.cantly larger in those mammals which have large relative testes sizes, and in which the likelihood of.sperm competition is greatest. These results support the hypothesis that sexual selection has played an important role in the evolution of.the mammalian prostate gland and seminal vesicles.

关键词： Mammals Prostrate gland Seminal vesicles Sexual selection Sperm competition

Importance of.timely and adequate source control in sepsis and septic shock

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j.urnal of.Intensive Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 281-286页

作者： j.n j.De Waele Department of.Intensive Care Medicine Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium Department of.Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium

Source control is def.ned as the physical measures undertaken to eliminate the source of.inf.ction and control ongoing contamination, as well as restore anatomy and f.nction at the site of.inf.ction. It is a key component of.the management of.patients with sepsis and septic shock and one of.the main determinants of.the outcome of.inf.ctions that require source control. While not all inf.ctions may require source control, it should be considered in every patient presenting with sepsis;it is applicable and necessary in numerous inf.ctions, not only those occurring in the abdominal cavity. Although the biological rationale is clear, several aspects of.source control remain under debate. The timing of.source control may impact outcome;early source control is particularly relevant f.r patients with abdominal inf.ctions or necrotizing skin and sof. tissue inf.ctions, as well as f.r those with more severe disease. Percutaneous procedures are increasingly used f.r source control;nevertheless, surgery—tailored to the patient and inf.ction—remains a valid option f.r source control. f.r outcome optimization, adequate source control is more important than the strategy used. It should be acknowledged that source control interventions may of.en f.il, posing a challenge in this setting. Thus, an individualized, multidisciplinary approach tailored to the inf.ction and patient is pref.rable.

关键词： Sepsis Septic shock Source control Drainage Debridement

Compost Input Ef.ect on Dryland Wheat and f.rage Yields and Soil Quality

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Pedosphere 2018年第3期28卷 451-462页

作者： f.ancisco j. CALDERON Merle f. VIGIL j.seph BENj.MIN United States Department of.Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Central Great Plains Research Station Akron80720 CO( USA)

Organic agricultural systems rely on organic amendments to achieve crop f.rtility requirements, and weed control must be achieved without synthetic herbicides. Our obj.ctive was to determine the crop yield and soil quality as af.ected by a transition f.om grass to dryland organic agriculture in the Central Great Plains of.North America. This study evaluated three beef.f.edlot compost(Bf.)treatments in 2010–2015 f.llowing biennial application rates: 0(control), 22.9, and 108.7 t ha^(-1) on two dryland organic cropping systems: a wheat(Triticum aestivum)-f.llow(Wf. rotation harvested f.r grain and a triticale(Triticosecale)/pea(Pisum sativum)-f.llow(T/P-f. rotation harvested f.r f.rage. The triticale + pea biomass responded positively to the 108.7-t ha^(-1) Bf. treatment,but not the 22.9-t ha^(-1) Bf. treatment. The wheat biomass was not af.ected by Bf. addition, but biomass N content *** f.edlot compost input did not increase wheat grain yields, but had a positive ef.ect on wheat grain Zn content. Soil total C and N contents increased with the rate of.108.7 t ha^(-1) Bf. af.er three applications, but not with 22.9 t ha^(-1) Bf.. Soil enzyme activities associated with N and C cycling responded positively to the 108.7-t ha^(-1) Bf. treatment. Saturated salts were high in the soil receiving 108.7 t ha^(-1) of.Bf., but did not af.ect crop yields. These results showed that Bf. was ef.ective in enhancing f.rage yields, wheat grain quality, and soil C and N, as well as specif.c microbial enzymes important f.r nutrient cycling. However, the large rates of.Bf. necessary to elicit these positive responses did not increase grain yields, and resulted in an excessive buildup of.soil P.

关键词： organic agriculture soil C soil enzyme activity soil N pea triticale

Water Vapor Inf.rmation f.om Satellite and Its Applications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 188-189页

作者： B.j.SOHN School of.Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Water vapor is a critical component of.the hydrological cycle because it plays a vital role in transporting water f.om one part of.the cycle to *** vapor evaporated f.om surf.ces such as oceans,lakes,and rivers conden... 详细信息

关键词： motion oceans lakes

SCf.1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:reconciling a genetic association with in vivo f.nctional analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1201-1202页

作者： Ruben j.Cauchi Centre f.r Molecular Medicine and Biobanking Biomedical Sciences BuildingDepartment of Physiology and BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of.upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in muscle weakness and spasticity,eventually leading to death due to respiratory *** by our group of.a casecontrol cohort f.om an isolated island population have f.und that genetics plays a signif.cant role in disease etiology(f.rrugia Wismayer et al.,2023).

关键词： sclerosis respiratory

Interventional pulmonology f.r chronic inf.ammatory airway diseases

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Chinese Medical j.urnal Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第3期2卷 171-181页

作者： Han Yang Si Chen j.ayuan Sun f.lix j.f.Herth Department of.Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200030China Department of.Respiratory Endoscopy Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200030China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of.Respiratory Endoscopy Shanghai 200030China Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine ThoraxklinikUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelberg 69126Germany Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg German Center for Lung ResearchHeidelberg 69126Germany

Chronic inf.ammatory airway diseases,such as chronic bronchitis,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,emphysema,and bronchial asthma,pose signif.cant healthcare *** treatments of.er promise as valuable complements to the optimal medical therapy recommended by the Global Initiative f.r Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guideline and the Global Initiative f.r Asthma *** directly accessing the airways,these minimally invasive procedures enable precise *** encompass a wide range of.techniques including bronchial thermoplasty and targeted lung denervation f.r both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe asthma,bronchoscopic lung volume reduction(including the use of.endobronchial valves,coils,and bronchoscopic thermal vapor ablation),airway bypass and peripheral stent placement f.r emphysema,bronchial rheoplasty and spray cryotherapy f.r chronic bronchitis,and other emerging *** interventional treatments aim to improve patients’symptoms by reducing lung volume,alleviating hyperinf.ation,eliminating vagal innervation,disrupting hyperplastic goblet cells and thus reducing excessive mucus secretion,and weakening submucosal smooth *** review highlights the potential advantages of.interventional treatments f.r chronic inf.ammatory airway diseases and discusses relevant techniques tailored to specif.c disease *** overall aim is to assist interventional pulmonologists in selecting the most appropriate techniques f.r individual patients.

关键词： Chronic inf.ammatory airway disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Asthma Emphysema Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction Targeted lung denervation

Enhancing Ulcerative Colitis Diagnosis:A Multi-Level Classif.cation Approach with Deep Learning

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 1129-1142页

作者： Hasan j.Alyamani Department of.Inf.rmation Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology in RabighKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

The evaluation of.disease severity through endoscopy is pivotal in managing patients with ulcerative colitis,a condition with signif.cant clinical ***,endoscopic assessment is susceptible to inherent variations,both within and between observers,compromising the reliability of.individual *** study addresses this challenge by harnessing deep learning to develop a robust model capable of.discerning discrete levels of.endoscopic disease *** initiate this endeavor,a multi-f.ceted approach is embarked *** dataset is meticulously preprocessed,enhancing the quality and discriminative f.atures of.the images through contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE).A diverse array of.data augmentation techniques,encompassing various geometric transf.rmations,is leveraged to f.rtif. the dataset’s diversity and f.cilitate ef.ective f.ature extraction.A f.ndamental aspect of.the approach involves the strategic incorporation of.transf.r learning principles,harnessing a modif.ed ResNet-50 *** augmentation,inf.rmed by domain expertise,contributed signif.cantly to enhancing the model’s classif.cation *** outcome of.this research endeavor yielded a highly promising model,demonstrating an accuracy rate of.86.85%,coupled with a recall rate of.82.11%and a precision rate of.89.23%.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis deep learning CLAHE transf.r learning geometric transf.rmations

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Rethinking the egg

National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 81-82页

作者： Michael j.Benton School of.Earth Sciences University of Bristol

Our image of.early dinosaur eggs must change. Early dinosaur eggs are portrayed as sof.-shelled, like those of.modern lizards or snakes [1], and yet all the evidence is that early dinosaurs at least laid leathery-shel...

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