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第三章用采食行为评估动物福利(续完)

国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2018年第2期38卷 59-60页

作者：唐彩琰(译) 陈建康 Birte l.Nielsen Ingrid C.de Jong trevor J.DeVries 不详

目前，人们对反刍动物放牧时的行为需求知之甚少。因此，在不考虑营养方面的条件时，反刍动物不进行放牧，而在室内向其提供全价混合日粮(Total Mixed Ration，TMR)日粮，这种方式是否对动物福利来说会更好，还需要进一步研究。反刍动... 详细信息

目前，人们对反刍动物放牧时的行为需求知之甚少。因此，在不考虑营养方面的条件时，反刍动物不进行放牧，而在室内向其提供全价混合日粮(Total Mixed Ration，TMR)日粮，这种方式是否对动物福利来说会更好，还需要进一步研究。反刍动物在采食习惯上具有天生的选择性，并且在某些情况下能够选择混合饲料中的某些成分，以最大限度提高自身的健康和生产力。研究表明，奶牛如果选择性采食(挑拣)投喂的混合饲料，会不利于其健康；因此，生产上会采用多种营养和管理措施来阻止奶牛的这种行为。

关键词：选择性采食行为评估动物福利反刍动物混合日粮混合饲料生产力放牧

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第三章用采食行为评估动物福利(续)

国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2018年第1期38卷 61-64页

作者：唐彩琰(译) 陈建康(校) Birte l.Nielsen Ingrid C.de Jong trevor J.DeVries 不详

现代产蛋母鸡的行为模式仍然与其祖先非常相似(Dawkins，1989)，然而，与采食有关的行为仍严重受当前饲养和管理条件的影响。采用半自然环境饲养的野鸡会将其活动时间中约60％的比例用在与采食有关的行为上(Dawkins，1989)，而笼养和大... 详细信息

现代产蛋母鸡的行为模式仍然与其祖先非常相似(Dawkins，1989)，然而，与采食有关的行为仍严重受当前饲养和管理条件的影响。采用半自然环境饲养的野鸡会将其活动时间中约60％的比例用在与采食有关的行为上(Dawkins，1989)，而笼养和大型鸡舍饲养的产蛋母鸡，用于与采食行为有关的时间只占其总活动时间的40％左右(Hansen，1994)。研究表明，产蛋母鸡的采食和觅食时间长短与啄羽行为存在一定关联性(Blokhuis，1986；N?rgaard-Nielsen等，1993；Aerni等，2000；Rodenburg等，2013)。

关键词：采食行为行为评估动物福利产蛋母鸡活动时间舍饲养行为模式自然环境

Creep Deformation of Mg-PSZ under Compressive loading

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2023年第4期13卷 96-103页

作者： trevor R.Finlayson George V.Franks Mitchell l.Sesso Department of Chemical Engineering University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia

Mg-PSZ(magnesia-partially-stabilized zirconia)has been studied under compressive loading at room *** strain was recorded continuously using strain gauges while the sample phase composition and microstructure has been recorded at regular intervals on the ENGIN-X pulsed-neutron facility at the Rutherford-Appleton laboratory in Didcot,*** pattern analysis has been accomplished using the GSAS II *** observed mechanical strain is time dependent,and a correlation is established between the mechanical creep strain and the phase and microstructural changes *** and associated microstructural changes have been observed for all applied loads but were most marked for the highest load which was-1,200 *** is suggested that the ongoing deformation and microstructural changes after unloading the specimen,are on account of a stress within the sample.

关键词： Mg-PSZ compressive loading mechanical strain neutron diffraction.

Milk Replacer Acidification for Free-Access Feeding: Effects on the Performance and Health of Veal Calves

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2016年第3期6卷 234-246页

作者： Cynthia G. Todd Ken E. leslie Suzanne T. Millman Jan M. Sargeant Heather Migdal Kathleen Shore Neil G. Anderson trevor J. DeVries Department of Population Medicine Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine Iowa State University Ames IA USA Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada Department of Animal Biosciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada Grober Nutrition Cambridge ON Canada Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs Veterinary Science and Policy Unit Elora ON Canada

Objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of milk replacer (MR) acidification for free- access feeding on pre- and post-weaning performance, morbidity and mortality of calves. Calves were randomly assigned to free-access feeding of acidified (ACID, n = 31) or non-acidified (NON, n = 31) MR, and weaned at 42 days. ACIDMR was prepared to pH 4.0 - 4.5 using formic acid. Intakes were measured daily and weights weekly. Samples of ACID and NON MR were analyzed for coliform and aerobic bacterial growth. After weaning, calves transitioned to a grain-fed veal diet, weighed every 2 weeks. At slaughter (approximately 6 months of age), lungs were evaluated for gross pathological changes and dressed carcass weights were obtained. Generalized linear mixed models were constructed to examine the effects of MR acidification. Differences by treatment group for pre- and post-weaning morbidity and mortality were tested using Pearson’s χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests. ACID calves consumed less MR than NON (10.6 vs. 11.7 l/d, P = 0.02). Acidification tended to promote earlier onset of starter ration consumption (32.0 vs. 39.5 d, hazard ratio = 1.5, P = 0.07), but did not affect average daily starter ration or water intakes across the pre-weaning period. ACID and NON calves did not differ for BW at weaning, pre- or post-weaning ADG or dressed carcass weight. ACID MR had less coliform (P l growth (P lity did not differ. ACID calves tended to have lower odds of pulmonary lesions during post-mortem inspection than NON calves (OR = 0.3, P = 0.07). These results indicate that under free-access feeding conditions, acidification limited bacterial growth and MR intake, but there were no long-term impacts of acidification on calf performance or health. In conclusion, acidification to pH 4.0 - 4.5 will significantly reduce bacterial growth in milk fed to calves.

关键词： Acidified Milk Feeding Free-Access Milk Feeding Health Growth Veal Calves

UV和二级消毒对标准配水系统中的微生物控制的影响

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水处理信息报导 2008年第5期 43-43页

作者： Dykstra, trevor.

本研究评估了UV和二级消毒协同效应对标准配水系统中的水质的影响。具有残余消毒作用的化学消毒剂包括二氧化氯、一氯胺和游离氯。试验结果表明UV和化学消毒剂对于控制饮用水配水系统中的微生物再生具有协同效应。UV消毒表现出可以增加... 详细信息

本研究评估了UV和二级消毒协同效应对标准配水系统中的水质的影响。具有残余消毒作用的化学消毒剂包括二氧化氯、一氯胺和游离氯。试验结果表明UV和化学消毒剂对于控制饮用水配水系统中的微生物再生具有协同效应。UV消毒表现出可以增加化学消毒对悬浮液或生物膜中细菌的攻击性，尽管化学消毒剂二氧化氯、一氯胺和游离的残余浓度仅仅分别是0．25、0．50和***/l。浓度分别为0．50、1．0和2．0mg／l的二氧化氯、一氯胺和游离残余浓度条件下的研究结果说明单独进行化学消毒足以控制微生物。在进行UV预处理的反应器中，二氧化氯和游离氯对于减少悬浮异养菌再生比没有UV预处理的反应器有效的多。不管有无UV处理存在，都可以观察到类似的生物膜和悬浮细菌的量，无须进行后续的化学消毒。总之，这些发现暗示化学消毒前进行UV处理可以提高配水系统中微生物的控制。

关键词：化学消毒剂微生物控制配水系统 UV 标准二级微生物再生二氧化氯

A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 41-126页

作者： Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter l.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran l.S.lewis Ken S.lipton Abby littlechild John littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford trevor Winstone AWE Aldermaston ReadingUK Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Intertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Formerly of Electrox LetchworthUK Formerly of Central laser Facility Rutherford LaboratoryDidcotUK Formerly of Ferranti Defence Systems LincolnUK leonardo EdinburghUK Retired AWEReadingUK Formerly of AWE ReadingUK Formerly of laser lines ltd BanburyUK Formerly of Optilas ltd Milton KeynesUK Retired Pro-Lite TechnologyCranfieldUK Specialised Imaging ltd PitstoneUK Central laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Magna-Power Electronics ltd ReadingUK DeBe lasers Needham Laser TechnologiesWhitchurchUK Blackett laboratory Imperial College LondonLondonUK SPIE Europe CardiffUK Professor Emeritus(Physics) University of HullKingston upon HullUK Kentech Instruments ltd WallingfordUK Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Professor Emeritus Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Physics Durham UniversityDurhamUK Professor Emeritus(Photonics) Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Professor Emeritus University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Optical Surfaces ltd KenleyUK JEH lasers ltd RugbyUK Scottish Universities Physics Alliance Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK ITER Organization Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Manx Precision Optics ltd BallasallaUK laser lines ltd BanburyUK Elliot Scientific ltd MetroTest Scientific GroupHarpendenUK Centre for Plasma Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Retired Founderand former MDRofin-Sinar UK LtdHullUK Heraeus Noblelight ltd CambridgeUK Mirli Books ChelmsfordUK M Squared lasers ltd GlasgowUK University of Hertfordshire HatfieldUK E&EO UK ltd Barton-upon-HumberUK Department of Physics University of YorkYorkUK IC Optical Systems ltd BeckenhamUK laser Micromachining ltd St AsaphUK MBDA UK ltd Brist

The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by *** of Hughes Research laboratories,*** laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different *** the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of *** historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.

关键词： high-power lasers history United Kingdom

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急性卒中影像学研究路径图Ⅱ

国际脑血管病杂志 2014年第2期22卷 81-92页

作者： Max Wintermark Gregory W. Albers Joseph P. Broderick Andrew M. Demchuk Jochen B. Fiebach Jens Fiehler James C. Grotta Gary Houser Tudor G. Jovin Kennedy R. lees Michael H. lev David S. liebeskind Marie luby Keith W. Muir Mark W. Parsons Rudiger von Kummer Joanna M. Wardlaw Ona Wu Albert J. Yoo Andrei V. Alexandrov Jeffry R. Alger Richard I. Aviv Roland Bammer Jean-Claude Baron Fernando Calamante Bruce C.V. Campbell trevor C. Carpenter Sφren Christensen William A. Copen Colin P. Derdeyn E. Clarke Haley Jr Pooja Khatri Kohsuke Kudo Maarten G. lansberg lawrence l. latour Ting-Yim lee Richard leigh Weili lin Patrick lyden Grant Mair Bijoy IC Menon Patrik Michel Robert Mikulik Raul G. Nogueira left φstergaard Salvador Pedraza Christian H. Riedel Howard A. Rowley Pina C. Sanelli Makoto Sasaki Jeffrey l. Saver Pamela W. Schaefer Peter D. Schellinger Georgios Tsivgoulis lawrence R. Wechsler Philip M. White Greg Zaharchuk Osama O. Zaidat Stephen M. Davis Geoffrey A. Donnan Anthony J. Furlan Werner Hacke Dong-Wha Kang Chelsea Kidw ell Vincent N. Thijs Gotz Thomalla Steven J. Warach 严晓铭刘牧张晶晶柯开富不详南通大学附属医院神经内科 226001

卒中影像学研究组（StrokeImagingResearchGroup，STIR）、美国神经放射学学会和美国神经放射学学会基金会在过去1年多的时间时举办了一系列的工作会议，最后一次会议于2013年3月9日至10日在华盛顿召开的卒中治疗专业学术圆桌会议（Stro... 详细信息

卒中影像学研究组（StrokeImagingResearchGroup，STIR）、美国神经放射学学会和美国神经放射学学会基金会在过去1年多的时间时举办了一系列的工作会议，最后一次会议于2013年3月9日至10日在华盛顿召开的卒中治疗专业学术圆桌会议（Stroke Treatment Academy Industry Roundtable，STAIR）期间举行。

关键词：急性卒中影像学神经放射学路径会议基金会学会美国