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Comparison of Airtraq optical laryngoscope and Storz video laryngoscope in a cadaver model

w.rld Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011年第3期2卷 175-178页

作者： Michael C. w.dman travis w. dierks Chad E. Branecki Claudia L. Barthold Lance H. Hoffman Lina Lander Carol S. Lomneth Richard A. w.lker Department of Emergency Medicine University of Nebraska College of Medicine Omaha Nebraska Deaconess Medical Center Spokane Washington USA Department of Epidemiology University of Nebraska College of Public Health Omaha Nebraska USA Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy University of Nebraska College of Medicine Omaha Nebraska USA

BACKGROUND： Airw.y management in the emergency department is a critical intervention that requires both standard techniques and rescue techniques to ensure a high rate of success. Recently, video laryngoscope （VL） systems have become increasingly common in many large urban EDs, but these systems may exceed the budgets of smaller rural EDs and EMS services and the Airtraq optical laryngoscope （OL） may provide an effective, low.cost alternative. w. hypothesized that laryngeal view.and time to endothracheal tube placement for OL and VL intubations w.uld not be significantly different. METHODS：This w.s a prospective, crossover trial. Setting： University-based emergency medicine residency program procedure laboratory utilizing lightly embalmed cadavers. Subjects： PGY1-3 emergency medicine residents. The study subjects performed timed endotracheal intubations alternately using the OL and VL. The subjects then rated the Cormack-Lehane laryngeal view.for each device. Statistical analysis： Mean time to intubation and the mean laryngeal view.score w.re calculated w.th 95% confidence intervals and statistical significance w.s determined by Student＇s t test. RESULTS：Fourteen subjects completed the study. The average laryngeal view.achieved w.th the OL vs. the VL w.s not significantly different, w.th Cormack-Lehane grade of 1.14 vs. 1.07, respectively. Time to endotracheal intubation, how.ver, w.s significantly different （P〈0.001） w.th the average time to intubation for the OL 25.49 seconds （95% CI： 17.95-33.03） and the VL 13.41 seconds （10.27-16.55）. CONCLUSION：The Airtraq OL and the Storz VL yielded similar laryngeal view. in the lightly embalmed cadaver model. Time to endotracheal tube placement, how.ver, w.s less for the VL.

关键词： Airtraq optical laryngoscope Laryngoscope Video laryngoscope

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Online optimal control of nonlinear discrete-time systems using approximate dynamic programming

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第3期9卷 361-369页

作者： travis dierks Sarangapani JAGANNATHAN DRS Sustainment Systems Inc.201 Evans Lane Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology

In this paper,the optimal control of a class of general affine nonlinear discrete-time(DT) systems is undertaken by solving the Hamilton Jacobi-Bellman(HJB) equation online and forw.rd in *** proposed approach,referred normally as adaptive or approximate dynamic programming(ADP),uses online approximators(OLAs) to solve the infinite horizon optimal regulation and tracking control problems for affine nonlinear DT systems in the presence of unknow. internal *** the regulation and tracking controllers are designed using OLAs to obtain the optimal feedback control signal and its associated cost ***,the tracking controller design entails a feedforw.rd portion that is derived and approximated using an additional OLA for steady state *** update law. for tuning the unknow. parameters of the OLAs online are *** techniques are used to show.that all signals are uniformly ultimately bounded and that the approximated control signals approach the optimal control inputs w.th small bounded *** the absence of OLA reconstruction errors,an optimal control is *** results verify that all OLA parameter estimates remain bounded,and the proposed OLA-based optimal control scheme tunes itself to reduce the cost HJB equation.

关键词： Online nonlinear optimal control Hamilton Jacobi-Bellman Online approximators Discrete-time systems

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