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The evolving role of Fourier-transform midinfrared spectroscopy in genetic improvement of dairy cattle

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 626-638页

作者： K.m.Tiplady T.J.Lopdell m.d.Littlejohn d.J.Garrick research and development livestock improvement corporationprivate bag 3016hamilton 3240new zealand school of agriculture massey universityruakurahamilton 3240new zealand

Over the last 100 years,significant advances have been made in the characterisation of milk composition for dairy cattle improvement *** progress has enabled a shift from labour intensive,on-farm collection and processing of samples that assess yield and fat levels in milk,to large-scale processing of samples through centralised laboratories,with the scope extended to include quantification of other ***-transform midinfrared(FT-mIR)spectroscopy has had a significant role in the transformation of milk composition phenotyping,with spectral-based predictions of major milk components already being widely used in milk payment and animal evaluation systems ***,there is interest in analysing the individual FT-mIR wavenumbers,and in utilising the FT-mIR data to predict other novel traits of importance to breeding *** includes traits related to the nutritional value of milk,the processability of milk into products such as cheese,and traits relevant to animal health and the *** ability to successfully incorporate these traits into breeding programs is dependent on the heritability of the FT-mIR predicted traits,and the genetic correlations between the FT-mIR predicted and actual trait *** FT-mIR predicted traits to the underlying mutations responsible for their variation can be difficult because the phenotypic expression of these traits are a function of a diverse range of molecular and biological mechanisms that can obscure their genetic *** individual FT-mIR wavenumbers give insights into the chemical composition of milk and provide an additional layer of granularity that may assist with establishing causal links between the genome and observed ***,there are other molecular phenotypes such as those related to the metabolome,chromatin accessibility,and RNA editing that could improve our understanding of the underlying biological systems controlling traits of ***

关键词： Bovine milk Cattle breeding genetics Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy Trait prediction

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Grafting affects yield and phenolic prof ile of Solanum melongena L. landraces

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 1017-1024页

作者： L Sabatino G Iapichino A maggio E d’ Anna m Bruno F d’ Anna department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences University of Palermo department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies University of Palermo Regional Centres for Agricultural Technologies (Ce.R.T.A.) University of Foggia

The influence of grafting on agronomical and qualitative characteristics of four Sicilian eggplant landraces was investigated. Grafted and ungrafted plants were compared in the open field in the northern coast of Sicily. Solanum torvum seedlings were used as rootstock. Regardless of genotypes tested, grafting significantly increased total fruit production, marketable production, and number of marketable fruits, but did not affect weight of marketable fruits and waste production. Landrace 2（Sciacca）, with black epidermal tissue and pyriform fruit shape, when grafted onto S. torvum not only gave a higher yield performance than ungrafted plants, but also showed a higher phenolic antioxidant content. Landrace 4（Sicilia）, with black epidermal tissue and small cylindrical fruits also benefited, when grafted onto S. torvum, from a substantial increase in antioxidant fruit content. As consumers＇ demand for fruits and vegetables rich in compounds important for human health is steadily increasing, these landrace/rootstock combinations should deserve more attention by plant nurseries involved in grafted seedling production and interested in the valorization and conservation of eggplant biodiversity.

关键词： eggplant propagation technique yield polyphenols HPLC analysis

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Spontaneous gastrojejunal fistula is a complication of gastric ulcer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第3期13卷 483-485页

作者： dorde m ulafi Olivera d mateji Vladimir S duki miodrag d Vukevi mirko d Kerkez Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute of Digestive Diseases Clinical Center of Serbia Medical FacultyBelgradeSerbia Clinic of Surgery Institute of Digestive Diseases Clinical Center of SerbiaMedical FacultyBelgradeSerbia Institute of Pulmonary diseases Clinical Center of SerbiaMedical FacultyBelgradeSerbia

Spontaneous gastrojejunal fistula formation is an extremely rare complication of gastric ulcer disease. We report a 77-year old woman who presented with diffuse abdominal pain, weight loss, malaise, nausea, and occasional dark stools. Laboratory tests showed extreme hyposideremic anemia with inflammatory syndrome. In addition, biochemical parameters of malnourishment were presented. Upper endoscopy revealed the patent esophagus along the full length without any pathological changes. Large and deep ulceration with perforation in the small intestine was detected in the posterior gastric wall. The small intestine loop was reached by endoscope through spontaneously developed gastrojejunal fistula. Polytopic biopsies of described ulcerative change were carried out. Histopathologically reepithelialized ulcerous zone was seen in the gastric mucosa. Also, gastrojejunal fistula was visualized after wide opening of hepatogastric and gastrocolic ligament. Jejunal loop 25 cm from ligament of Treitz was attached to mesocolon and posterior gastric wall because of ulcer penetration. Postoperative course was uneventful, Per oral intake started on the 4^th postoperative day, and the patient was discharged on the 8^th postoperative day. In summary, this case indicates that persistent symptoms of peptic ulcer disease associated with nutritional disturbances may be caused by gastrojejunal fistula.

关键词： Gastric ulcer Spontaneous Gastrojejunal fistula

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Newmark design spectra considering earthquake magnitudes and site categories

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第3期15卷 519-535页

作者： Bo Li Wei-Chau Xie m.d.Pandey department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Waterloo

Newmark design spectra have been implemented in many building codes, especially in building codes for critical structures. Previous studies show that Newmark design spectra exhibit lower amplitudes at high frequencies and larger amplitudes at low frequencies in comparison with spectra developed by statistical methods. To resolve this problem, this study considers three suites of ground motions recorded at three types of sites. Using these ground motions, influences of the shear-wave velocity, earthquake magnitudes, source-to-site distances on the ratios of ground motion parameters are studied, and spectrum amplification factors are statistically calculated. Spectral bounds for combinations of three site categories and two cases of earthquake magnitudes are estimated. Site design spectrum coefficients for the three site categories considering earthquake magnitudes are established. The problems of Newmark design spectra could be resolved by using the site design spectrum coefficients to modify the spectral values of Newmark design spectra in the acceleration sensitive, velocity sensitive, and displacement sensitive regions.

关键词： Newmark design spectrum site design spectrum coefficients site conditions

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So much for the city:Urban–rural song variation in a widespread Asiatic songbird

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第2期13卷 194-205页

作者： Samuel d.HILL Achyut ARYAL matthew d.m.PAWLEY Weihong JI Human-Wildlife Interactions Research Group Institute of Natural and Mathematical SciencesMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia department of Forestry and Resource management Toi Ohomai Institute of TechnologyRotoruaNew Zealand Institute of Natural and mathematical Sciences Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand

Song plays a fundamental role in intraspecific communication in *** temporal and structural components of songs can vary in different *** include urban habitats where anthropogenic sounds and alteration of habitat structure can significantly affect songbird vocal ***-rural variations in song complexity,song length and syllable rate are not fully *** this study,using the oriental magpie-robin(Copsychus saularis)as a model,we investigated urban-rural variation in song complexity,song length,syllable rate,syllable length and inter-syllable *** urban and rural songs from 7 countries across its natural Asiatic range(Bangladesh,India,malaysia,Nepal,Singapore,Sri Lanka and Thailand),we found no significant differences in oriental magpie-robin song ***,we found significant differences in temporal song variables between urban and rural *** songs and inter-syllable intervals in addition to slower syllable rates within urban sites contributed the most to this *** indicates that the urban environment may have driven production of longer and slower songs to maximize efficient transmission of important song information in urban habitats.

关键词： communication complexity length oriental magpie-robin song syllable

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Effect of synthesis conditions and surrounding medium on luminescence properties of YVO_4:Eu^(3+) nanopowders

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Journal of Rare Earths 2015年第2期33卷 129-134页

作者： E.V.Golyeva d.V.Tolstikova I.E.Kolesnikov m.d.mikhailov St.Petersburg State Polytechnical University St.Petersburg 195251 Russia Scientific and Technological Institute of Optical material Science VNTs S.I.Vavilov State Optical InstituteSt.Petersburg 192171 Russia St.Petersburg State University St.Petersburg 199034 Russia

Nanocrystalline yttrium vanadate doped with europium ions powders were synthesized via sol-gel method based on decomposition of metal-polymer complex. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that samples had pure tetragonal phase without any impurities. Scanning electron microscopy and static light scattering technique were used to study morphology and size of prepared nanoparticles. Average diameter of the nanoparticles was about 40 nm. The changes in structural and luminescence properties were observed as a function of the first and second calcination temperature. The optimal conditions for synthesis of nanoparticles were determined as Т1=500℃, t1=1 h; Т2=950 ℃, t2=1.5 h. The effect of different media surrounding the nanoparticles on their luminescence properties and lifetime was investigated and discussed in terms of effective refractive index. It was found that the observed lifetime of YVO4：Eu^3＋ 5 at.% nanophosphor was decreased from 0.64 ms in air（nmed=1） to 0.45 ms in chalcogenide glass As39S61（nmed=2.39）.

关键词： nanopowders rare earths luminescence effective refractive index lifetime

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An Efficient multi-Scale modelling Approach for ssdNA motion in Fluid Flow

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第4期5卷 299-307页

作者： m. Benke E. Shapiro d. drikakis Fluid mechanics and Computational Science Group Department of Aerospace Sciences Cranfield University

The paper presents a multi-scale modelling approach for simulating macromolecules in fluid flows. macromolecule transport at low number densities is frequently encountered in biomedical devices, such as separators, detection and analysis systems. Accurate modelling of this process is challenging due to the wide range of physical scales involved. The continuum approach is not valid for low solute concentrations, but the large timescales of the fluid flow make purely molecular simulations prohibitively expensive. A promising multi-scale modelling strategy is provided by the meta-modelling approach considered in this paper. meta-models are based on the coupled solution of fluid flow equations and equations of motion for a simplified mechanical model of macromolecules. The approach enables simulation of individual macromolecules at macroscopic time scales. meta-models often rely on particle-corrector algorithms, which impose length constraints on the mechanical model. Lack of robustness of the particle-corrector algorithm employed can lead to slow convergence and numerical instability. A new FAst Linear COrrector （FALCO） algorithm is introduced in this paper, which significantly improves computational efficiency in comparison with the widely used SHAKE algorithm. Validation of the new particle corrector against a simple analytic solution is performed and improved convergence is demonstrated for ssdNA motion in a lid-driven micro-cavity.

关键词： multi-scale modelling dNA macromolecule transport meta-modelling particle corrector

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Impacts of weaning weights and mycotoxin challenges on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota,intestinal and systemic health,and growth performance of nursery pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1440-1457页

作者： d.m.Holanda S.W.Kim department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh 27695USA

Background:This study aimed at investigating the effects of mycotoxin challenge on the growth and physiology of nursery pigs with different weaning ***:At weaning,10 pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa and 90 pigs were assigned following a randomized complete block design in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 3 pigs per *** were:weaning weight(light:body weight,BW9.0 kg);and dietary mycotoxins(supplementation of 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxins,2.0 mg/kg deoxynivalenol).All diets had titanium dioxide as an external marker at 0.5%.Growth performance and fecal score were recorded until pigs achieved 20 kg BW(light pigs average BW=21.1 kg and heavy pigs average BW=20.5 kg).Pigs were sampled for blood,ileal digesta,jejunal tissue and mucosa at 20 kg *** were analyzed using the mixed procedure of *** weaning,light pigs had decreased(Pd(Pmor necrosis factor-α,and increased(Pdiversity indexes of jejunal mucosa-associated *** 20 kg of BW,light pigs had decreased(Pdaily gain(AdG),average daily feed intake(AdFI),and gain to feed ratio(G/F).mycotoxins decreased(PdG,AdFI,and G/*** pigs tended to have increased fecal score on d 0(P=0.080),d 10(P=0.069),and increased(Pdecreased the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen(Pd increased(Pmalondialdehydes and interleukin *** tended to increase(P=0.060)intestinal tumor necrosis factor-α.Conclusions:Nursery pigs with light weaning weight were more susceptible to jejunal inflammation and had impaired intestinal health due to weaning stress,whereas mycotoxins diminished the health and growth of nursery pigs regardless of weaning weight.

关键词： Growth Health mycotoxins Nursery pig Weaning weight

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Understanding association between methylene blue dye and biosorbent: Palmyrah sprout casing in adsorption process in aqueous phase

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 154-164页

作者： d.m.N.H.Jayasuriya Kannan Nadarajah department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of JaffnaAriviyal NagarKilinochchi 44000Sri Lanka

Water pollution caused by industrial dyes has become a severe problem in the modern world. Biosorbents can be used in an eco-friendly manner to remove industrial dyes. In this study, five biosorbents were selected: palmyrah sprout casing (PSC), manioc peel, lime peel, king coconut husk, and coconut kernel. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to identify the best biosorbent with the highest ability to adsorb methylene blue (mB) from wastewater. The detailed mechanisms of PSC used in the adsorptive removal of mB in aqueous phase were investigated. Of the five biosorbents, PSC exhibited the best removal performance with an adsorption capacity at equilibrium (qe) of 27.67 mg/g. The qe values of lime peel, king coconut husk, manioc peel, and coconut kernel were 24.25 mg/g, 15.29 mg/g, 10.84 mg/g, and 7.06 mg/g, respectively. To explain the mechanisms of mB adsorption with the selected biosorbents, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and X-ray diffraction (XRd) analyses were performed to characterize functional properties, and isotherm, kinetic, rate-limiting, and thermodynamic analyses were conducted. The FTIR analysis revealed that different biosorbents had different functional properties on their adsorptive surfaces. The FTIR and XRd results obtained before and after mB adsorption with PSC indicated that the surface functional groups of carbonyl and hydroxyl actively participated in the removal process. According to the isotherm analysis, monolayer adsorption was observed with the Langmuir model with a determination coefficient of 0.998. The duration to reach the maximum adsorption capacity for mB adsorption with PSC was 120 min, and the adsorption process was exothermic due to the negative enthalpy change (-9.950 kJ/mol). moreover, the boundary layer thickness and intraparticle diffusion were the rate-limiting factors in the adsorption process. As a new biosorbent for mB adsorption, PSC could be used in activated carbon production to enhance the

关键词： Biosorbents Isotherm Kinetics methylene blue Rate-limiting factor Thermodynamics

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Experimental Investigation of Flow Instabilities in a Laminar Separation Bubble

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Journal of Thermal Science 2014年第3期23卷 203-214页

作者： Simoni d. Ubaldi m. Zunino P. dImE-Università di GenovaVia montallegro 1 I-16145 Genova Italy dImE-Università di Genova Via Montallegro 1 I-16145 Genova Italy

The present paper reports the results of a detailed experimental study aimed at investigating the dynamics of a laminar separation bubble, from the origin of separation up to the breakdown to turbulence of the large scale co- herent structures generated as a consequence of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability process. measurements have been performed along a fiat plate installed within a double contoured test section, designed to produce an adverse pressure gradient typical of Ultra-High-Lift turbine blade profiles, which induces the formation of a laminar separation bubble at low Reynolds number condition. measurements have been carried out by means of comple- mentary techniques： hot-wire （HW） anemometry, Laser doppler Velocirnetry （LdV） and Particle Image Veloci- metry （PIV）. The high accuracy 2-dimensional LdV results allow investigating reverse flow magnitude and both Reynolds normal and shear stress distributions along the separated flow region, while the high frequency response of the HW anemometer allows analyzing the amplification process of flow oscillations induced by instability mechanisms. PIV results complement the flow field analysis providing information on the generation and evolu- tion of the large scale coherent structures shed as a consequence of the separated shear layer roll-up, through in- stantaneous velocity vector maps. The simultaneous analysis of the data obtained by means of the different meas- uring techniques allows an in depth view of the instability mechanisms involved in the transition/reattachrnent processes of the separated shear layer.

关键词： Ultra-High-Lift turbine profiles separated flow transition mode streaks Kelvin-Helmholtz instabil- ity linear stability theory

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