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Review of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第39期20卷 14172-14184页

作者： Carly E Kelley ann J Brown anna Mae Diehl tracy L Setji Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 United States Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 United States

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. Women with PCOS frequently have metabolic complications including insulin resistance(IR), early diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recent studies have demonstrated an association between PCOS and another metabolic complication: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). NAFLD occurs as a result of abnormal lipid handling by the liver, which sensitizes the liver to injury and inflammation. It can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), which is characterized by hepatocyte injury and apoptosis. With time and further inflammation, NASH can progress to cirrhosis. Thus, given the young age at which NAFLD may occur in PCOS, these women may be at significant risk for progressive hepatic injury over the course of their lives. Many potential links between PCOS and NAFLD have been proposed, most notably IR and hyperandrogenemia. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between PCOS and NAFLD. In the interim, clinicians should be aware of this connection and consider screening for NAFLD in PCOS patients who have other metabolic risk factors. The optimal method of screening is unknown. However, measuring alanine aminotransferase and/or obtaining ultrasound on high-risk patients can be considered. First line treatment consists of lifestyle interventions and weight loss, with possible pharmacologic interventions in some cases.

关键词： Polycystic ovary syndrome Fatty liver Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Tacrolimus-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following liver transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 1-7页

作者： Arthur Dilibe Lakshmi Subramanian tracy-ann Poyser Osejie Oriaifo Ryan Brady Sashwath Srikanth Olanrewaju Adabale Olayiwola Akeem Bolaji Hassam Ali Department of Medicine ECU Health Medical CenterGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Medicine Unity Health-White County Medical CenterSearcyAR 72143United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehab ECU Health Medical CenterGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Medicine University of Maryland Capital Region HealthLargoMD 20774United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States

In this editorial,we talk about a compelling case focusing on posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)as a complication in patients undergoing liver transplantation and treated with ***(FK 506),derived from Streptomyces tsukubaensis,is a potent immunosuppressive *** inhibits Tcell transcription by binding to FK-binding protein,and is able to amplify glucocorticoid and progesterone *** effectively prevents allograft rejection in transplant patients but has adverse effects such as Tacrolimus-related *** presents with various neurological symptoms alongside elevated blood pressure,and is primarily characterized by vasogenic edema on *** computed tomography detects initial lesions,magnetic resonance imaging,especially the Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery sequence,is superior for diagnosing cortical and subcortical *** discussion centers on the incidence of PRES in solid organ transplant recipients,which ranges between 0.5 to 5+ACU-,with varying presentations,from seizures to visual *** case of a 66-year-old male status post liver transplantation highlights the diagnostic and management challenges associated with Tacrolimus-related *** evident in the parietal and occipital lobes,PRES underlines the need for heightened vigilance among healthcare *** editorial emphasizes the importance of early recognition,accurate diagnosis,and effective management of PRES to optimize outcomes in liver transplant *** case further explores the balance between the efficacy of immunosuppression with Tacrolimus and its potential neurological risks,underlining the necessity for careful monitoring and intervention strategies in this patient population.

关键词： Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Liver transplantation Tacrolimus Immunocompromised patients Neurological complications Solid organ transplant

Temporal Memory Dysfunction and Alterations in Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactivity in Adult Rats Following Neonatal Exposure to Domoic Acid

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2013年第1期4卷 29-35页

作者： Mark A. Robbins Catherine L. Ryan Amber L. Marriott tracy ann Doucette Departments of Biology University of Prince Edward Charlottetown Canada Departments of Psychology University of Prince Edward Charlottetown Canada

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether early alterations in glutamate signaling, via daily injections of the glutamate agonist, domoic acid (DOM;20 μg/kg), during a critical period of CNS development (PND 8 - 14), would result in temporal memory deficits and/or alterations in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity. As adults, subjects were assessed for temporal memory ability using a recency discrimination paradigm. Both number and duration of exploratory contacts directed at familiar objects, differing by one hour in recall delay, were measured. Analyses revealed that DOM-treated females demonstrated temporal memory dysfunction, as evidenced in a significantly lower proportion of total exploratory behaviour directed toward the remote object. Integrity of the dopamine system was assessed using immunohistochemistry to examine TH immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Sections obtained from DOM-treated males had significantly less TH immunoreactivity in the right mPFC, while DOM-treated females had significantly greater TH immunoreactivity in the left core and right shell of the NAcc. These findings are discussed in context of early alterations to glutamate signaling in the development of human neuropsychiatric disorders.

关键词： Domoic Acid Glutamate Schizophrenia Animal Models Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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为什么数字化学习战略很重要?

中国教育网络 2023年第7期 43-44页

作者： ann Blackman tracy Mendolia-Moore 项阳(编译) EDUCAUSE数字学习战略工作组不详

数字化学习战略通过维护数字学习空间的社区性、包容性和创新性,来确保所有学生获得公平的学习机会。数字化学习战略(Digital Learning Strategy,简称DLS)是一项包含技术系统、劳动力发展和文化变革的明确计划,以支持高校的数字化学习... 详细信息

数字化学习战略通过维护数字学习空间的社区性、包容性和创新性,来确保所有学生获得公平的学习机会。数字化学习战略(Digital Learning Strategy,简称DLS)是一项包含技术系统、劳动力发展和文化变革的明确计划,以支持高校的数字化学习方案。作为数字化转型(Digital Transformation)的重要组成部分,学校通过制定DLS来整合资源,确保灵活、公平的学生成功之路,并为所有学生、教师、员工提供共同愿景,推动实现学校的目标使命。

关键词：数字化转型数字学习数字化学习社区性成功之路整合资源共同愿景 DLS

The Hong Kong consensus statements on unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma:narrative review and update for 2021

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第3期12卷 366-385页

作者： Tan-To Cheung Simon Chun-Ho Yu Stephen L.Chan Ronnie T.P.Poon Philip Kwok ann-Shing Lee anna Tai Derek Tam Chin-Cheung Cheung Tak-Wing Lai Nam-Hung Chia Ada Law tracy Shum Yim-Kwan Lam Vince Lau Victor Lee Charing Chong Chung-Ngai Tang Thomas Yau Department of Surgery Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Imaging&Interventional Radiology Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Department of Clinical Oncology Sir YK Pao Centre for CancerPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Radiology and Imaging Queen Elizabeth HospitalHong KongChina Department of Clinical Oncology Tuen Mun HospitalHong KongChina Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth HospitalHong KongChina Department of Surgery United Christian HospitalHong KongChina Department of Surgery Tuen Mun HospitalHong KongChina Department of Surgery Princess Margaret HospitalHong KongChina Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth HospitalHong KongChina Department of Clinical Oncology Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalHong KongChina Department of Clinical Oncology Princess Margaret HospitalHong KongChina Department of Medicine and Geriatrics United Christian HospitalHong KongChina Department of Radiology Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Surgery Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Surgery Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalHong KongChina Department of Medicine Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Background and Objective:Hong Kong,like many parts of Asia,faces a high burden of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)caused by high endemic rates of hepatitis B virus *** Kong clinicians have developed a high level of expertise in HCC treatment across surgical,transarterial,ablative,radiotherapeutic and systemic *** publication summarizes the latest evidence-based recommendations on how these modalities should be ***:In two meetings held in 2020,a multidisciplinary panel of surgeons,oncologists and interventional radiologists performed a narrative review of evidence on the management of HCC,with an emphasis on treatment of HCC not amenable to surgical *** attention was paid to new evidence published since the previous version of these statements in *** Content and Findings:The expert panel has formulated 60 consensus statements to guide the staging and treatment of unresectable *** the previous version of these statements,considerable additions have been made to the recommendations on use of targeted therapies and immunotherapies because of the large volume of new ***:Our consensus statements offer guidance on how to select HCC patients for surgical or non-surgical treatment and for choosing among non-surgical modalities for patients who are not candidates for *** particular,there is a need for more evidence to aid physicians in the selection of second-line systemic therapies,as currently most data are limited to patients with disease progression on first-line sorafenib.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) Hong Kong guidelines consensus

Lions, hyenas and mobs （oh my!）

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 313-322页

作者： Kenna D.S. LEHMann tracy M. MONTGOMERY Sarah M. MACLACHLAN Jenna M. PARKERC livia S. SPAGNUOLO Kelsey J. VANDEWETERING Patrick S. BILLS Kay E. HOLEKAMP Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University 288 Farm Lane Room 203 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University 293 Farm Lane Room 103 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 1474 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Conservation Ecology and Environmental Informatics School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church St. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Institute for Cyber Enabled Research Michigan State University Biomedical & Physical Sciences Building 567 Wilson Road Room 1440 East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Understanding the factors that facilitate the emergence of cooperation among organisms is central to the study of social evolution. Spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta frequently cooperate to mob lions Panthera leo, approaching the lions as a tightknit group while vocalizing loudly in an attempt to overwhelm them and drive them away. Whereas cooperative mobbing behavior has been well documented in birds and some mammals, to our knowledge it has never been described during interactions between 2 apex predators. Using a 27-year dataset, we characterize lion-hyena encoun- ters, assess rates of mobbing behavior observed during these interactions, and inquire whether mobbing results in successful acquisition of food. Lions and hyenas interacted most often at fresh kills, especially as prey size and the number of hyenas present increased. Possession of food at the beginning of an interaction positively affected retention of that food by each predator species. The presence of male lions increased the probability of an interspecific interaction but decreased the likelihood of hyenas obtaining or retaining possession of the food. Hyena mobbing rates were highest at fresh kills, but lower when adult male lions were present. The occurrence of mobbing was predicted by an increase in the number of hyenas present. Whether or not mobbing resulted in acquisition of food from lions was predicted by an increase in the number of mobs formed by the hyenas present, suggesting that cooperation among hyenas enhances their fitness.

关键词： competition cooperation hyena lion mobbing sociality.

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俄克拉荷马州印第安人的视力损害和眼部疾病

美国医学会眼科杂志（中文版） 2006年第4期18卷 253-253页

作者： Elisa T. Lee Dana Russell tracy Morris ann Warn Ronald Kingsley Gerald Ogola 刘亮（译）

目的：确定在俄克拉荷马州印第安人视力损害和眼部疾病的患病率。方法：此横断面调查包括了1019位俄克拉荷马州印第安人。从48到82岁；60．2％是女性。对每个参加者都进行个人访视及眼科检查。包括最佳矫正视力和检眼镜检查。并且，每... 详细信息

目的：确定在俄克拉荷马州印第安人视力损害和眼部疾病的患病率。方法：此横断面调查包括了1019位俄克拉荷马州印第安人。从48到82岁；60．2％是女性。对每个参加者都进行个人访视及眼科检查。包括最佳矫正视力和检眼镜检查。并且，每只眼做45度的眼底照相。照片由威斯康辛州 MADISON 眼底照相读片中心读片分级。

关键词：印第安人眼部疾病视力损害眼底照相横断面调查检眼镜检查眼科检查矫正视力