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Influences of Agricultural Practices in the Canton Erde-Pala Chad Vegetation

Journal of Life Sciences 2015年第10期9卷 494-510页

作者： Daniel Tchobsala vroumsia toua Fonone Nafou Kaira Denis Department of Biological Sciences University of Ngaoundere PO Box 454 Cameroun Department of Life Sciences and Earth University of Maroua PO Box 55 Cameroun

The study, conducted in the Canton Erd6-Pala Chad, aims to i） list the different cultural practices, ii） study their impact on the vegetation and iii） determine the methods of co-management of these cultural practices. The surveys were realized on 50 households in the village and phytosociological plants in corn, millet, cotton and peanuts cultures. The data analysis by statgraphic and Excel and Principal Component Analysis （PCA） showed that maize production （1,200 kg/ha） ranked first at the expense of cotton （640 kg/ha）. They negatively affect climate change （temperature increase （26%）, rain drop （20%）, land reclamation （18%） and flooding （12%））. Surveys of vegetation on three acres cotton fields （76.17%）, millet （81.06%）, corn （80.32%） and groundnut （83.56%） showed that there is no significant difference （P = 0.05） on the specific contribution of wood of different types of farming practices. Adventists species herbacious like Thelepogon elegans （27.84%）, Hyptis spicigera （19.31%）, Teramnus labialis （15.86%） have most important contributions in specific cultures. Methods of crop treatments have a destructive impact on the environment and the loss of biodiversity and the invasion of crops by adventists. Co-management, crop rotation, association of cultures, community forest management, agroforestry and training farmers in the use of inputs will reduce the potential risks of farming practices.

关键词： Influence cultural practices floristic composition soil restoration Chad.

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Determination of Acute Lethal Doses of Acetamiprid and Cypermethrin for the Native Bee <i>Apis mellifera</i>(Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第7期10卷 404-417页

作者： Sanda Mazi toua vroumsia Marie-Noel Yahangar Malloum Malla Dawai Zroumba Laboratory of Applied Zoology Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon School of Geology and Mining Engineering at Meiganga University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon

Honey bees are important pollinators and are essential in agriculture;as such they get exposed to a wide range of pesticides while foraging in contaminated fields or during the spray of chemical on crops. It is therefore important to know the toxicity and evaluate the impacts of bees’ exposure to these molecules. Acetamiprid and cypermethrin are two pesticides widely used in Cameroon and other countries. The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of acetamiprid and cypermethrin on the native subspecies of Apis mellifera L. in agricultural areas in Adamaoua-Cameroon and to evaluate the impact on honeybee foragers exposed to lethal and sublethal doses of these two insecticides. The results obtained in laboratory conditions show that acetamiprid and cypermethrin are toxic to A. mellifera. The symptoms of neurotoxicity and first mortality appear 15 min after the ingestion of the high concentrations and about 30 to 45 min after the inoculation of the pesticides through contact route and the mortality increases with the concentration and time. The LC50 of acetamiprid obtained after 24 h are respectively 5.26 ng/μl for the topical application and 4.70 μg/μl by the oral route. At the same time, the LC50 of cypermethrin are respectively 2.27 ng/μl for topical application and 2.68 ng/μl for oral toxicity. For a sustainable agriculture and beekeeping, it is, therefore, important to establish quality measures on these insecticides in the ecosystem and to set up a phyto-pharmacovigilance and awareness system to the population.

关键词： Apis mellifera Insecticides Acetamiprid Cypermethrin Toxicity

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