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Vortex structures downstream a lobed nozzle/mixer

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航空动力学报 2008年第7期23卷 1266-1278页

作者： Hui Hu toshio kobayashi Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011-2271 Japan Automobile Research Institute Tokyo 105-0012 Japan

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the evolutions of unsteady vortex structures downstream a lobed mixer/nozzle.A novel dual-plane stereoscopic PIV system was used to measure all 3-components of vorticity distributions to revealed both the large-scale streamwise vortices produced by the lobed mixer/nozzle and the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex structures generated due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities simultaneously and quantitatively for the first *** instantaneous and the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions displayed quite different aspects about the evolutions of the unsteady vortex *** the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions indicated the overall effect of the special geometry of the lobed nozzle/mixer on the enhanced mixing process,the instantaneous vorticity distributions elucidated many details about how the enhanced mixing process was *** addition to quantitatively confirming conjectures of previous studies,further insight about the formation,evolution and interaction characteristics of the unsteady vortex structures downstream of the lobed mixer/nozzle were also uncovered quantitatively in the present study.

关键词：飞机涡旋不稳定性混频器

Correlation between Occupational Stress, Lifestyle, and Hyperglycemia among Obese and Non-Obese Middle-Aged Japanese Male Workers

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Health 2016年第11期8卷 1082-1088页

作者： Itsuko Bonkohara Yoko Kubo toshio kobayashi Department of Clinical Nursing Study Faculty of Nursing Yasuda Women’s University Hiroshima Japan Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing University of Occupational and Environmental Health Kitakyushu Japan Department of Health Development Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan

The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between stress, lifestyle, and hyperglycemia among middle-aged Japanese male workers. We also analyzed the obese (OB) and non-obese (non- OB) groups pertaining to the risk of hyperglycemia. A total of 353 male employees aged between 50 and 59 years taking health checkup sat a company in Japan were examined. The data were collected using validated scales of occupational stress and medical examination. Of the 353 employees, 335 (effective response rate 95%) were analyzed. “Support from colleagues” and “reward from work” reported by the OB group were lower than the non-OB group. The items “eating until satiety” and “having greasy meal often” were significantly more common in the OB group than in the non-OB group. There was a significant correlation between less sleep time and hyperglycemia in the OB group than in the non-OB group. The non-OB group reported more overtime hours than the OB group. Hyperglycemia in the non-OB group was positively correlated with long working hours, “workload,” and “mental workload.” The results indicated that the OB group would benefit from lifestyle interventions, for example, improvement in sleep time and eating habits may prevent hyperglycemia and eventually in obesity. Furthermore, it was suggested that stress in response to “workload” and “mental workload” owing to long working hours leads to hyperglycemia in the non-OB group. Therefore, the improvement of the workplace environment, reducing the number of hours at work, and stress management are required to prevent hyperglycemia in the non-OB group.

关键词： Hyperglycemia Obesity Occupational Stress Japanese Male Workers

Effects of a Revised Moderate Drinking Program for Enhancing Behavior Modification in the Workplace for Heavy Drinkers: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Japan

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Health 2015年第12期7卷 1601-1614页

作者： Koji Harada Michiko Moriyama Mariko Uno toshio kobayashi Takefumi Yuzuriha Graduate School of Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan Hizen Psychiatric Center Saga Japan

This study examined the effects of the Hizen Alcoholism Prevention Program (HAPPY) and the revised version of HAPPY (HAPPY Plus), and also compared the two programs to determine whether the HAPPY Plus achieved better outcomes for heavy drinkers in the workplace. The HAPPY Plus designed to strengthen participants’ recruitment, perception of threat, stress management, behavior modification by self-monitoring using a calendar-based diary, and to prevent dropout by telephone and e-mail follow-up by a trained nurse. Participants were men and women who consumed at least 20 g and 10 g of alcohol daily, respectively, and had not been diagnosed with alcohol dependence. A group intervention, 3-month randomized controlled trial was conducted. The control and intervention groups received the HAPPY and HAPPY Plus, respectively. The primary endpoint was average daily alcohol consumption. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), weight, body mass index, blood pressure, liver function, goal achievement rate, self-efficacy, and self-esteem were also measured. Out of 88 recruited employees, 83 (intervention group: 40;control group: 43) completed the study (completion rates were 100% and 93.4% respectively). As a result, average daily alcohol consumption decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001), but did not differ between groups. Even though behavior change rate was higher, and self-efficacy and confidence increased in the intervention group, AUDIT decreased in both groups but was significant only in the control group. Physiological indicators in the intervention group improved, but were not significant between the groups. Against the program revision, this study did not prove superiority of HAPPY Plus to the HAPPY regarding the indicators. However, better behavior modification and lower dropout were observed in the HAPPY Plus. Therefore, after further improvement is made, this group intervention program is applied to the workplace.

关键词： Heavy Drinkers Harmful Use of Alcohol Moderate Drinking Program Behavior Modification Workplace

Qualitative Rural Indonesian Study of Diabetes Knowledge, Health Beliefs, and Behaviors in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

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Health 2019年第2期11卷 263-275页

作者： Nice Maylani Asril Keiji Tabuchi Miwako Tsunematsu toshio kobayashi Masayuki Kakehashi Department of Health Informatics Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan Department of Education Faculty of Education Ganesha University of Education Bali Indonesia Department of Health Promotion and Development Science Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan Department of General Internal Medicine Ishii Memorial Hospital Yamaguchi Japan

This study was aimed at understanding diabetes knowledge, health beliefs, and behaviors among type 2 diabetes patients in Balinese rural areas. The study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) in applied thematic analysis. It involved semi-structured focus groups with 20 patients (M = 49.95 years old, SD 6.7). Three themes formulated: poor diabetes knowledge, diabetes perceived as a life burden, and the factors affecting self-efficacy in practicing healthy lifestyle. The poor diabetes knowledge was due to traditional indigenous beliefs and low health literacy. The perception that diabetes is a life burden was related with physical and psychological condition. The factors affecting the self-efficacy were the perceived barriers and external influence. It is need to understand the traditional indigenous beliefs, burdens, and lacking internal intention as the modifying factors of health beliefs. This study suggests that the development of integrated health promotion of diabetes should consider the HBM’s modifying factors in rural areas.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes Health Beliefs Health Behaviors Health Promotion Rural Areas

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF PULSATING FLOW IN A LIQUID LINE WITH BRANCH OF HYDRAULIC SERVO SYSTEM

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1998年第1期8卷 169-172页

作者： He Yongsen and Liu ShaoyingChangsha Institute of Mining Research, Changsha 410012, P. R. Chinakobayashi toshioInstitute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

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ＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＵＬＳＡＴＩＮＧＦＬＯＷＩＮＡＬＩＱＵＩＤＬＩＮＥＷＩＴＨＢＲＡＮＣＨＯＦＨＹＤＲＡＵＬＩＣＳＥＲＶＯＳＹＳＴＥＭ①ＨｅＹｏｎｇｓｅｎａｎｄＬｉｕＳｈａｏｙｉｎｇＣｈａｎｇｓｈａＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭｉｎ...

关键词： viscous flow numerical prediction pulsating flow hydraulic servo system

Recent evidence for subcutaneous drains to prevent surgical site infections after abdominal surgery:A systematic review and metaanalysis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第12期15卷 2879-2889页

作者： Tomohiro Ishinuki Hiroji Shinkawa Keita Kouzu Seiichi Shinji Erika Goda toshio Ohyanagi Masahiro kobayashi Motomu kobayashi Katsunori Suzuki Yuichi Kitagawa Chizuru Yamashita Yasuhiko Mohri Junzo Shimizu Motoi Uchino Seiji Haji Masahiro Yoshida Hiroki Ohge Toshihiko Mayumi Toru Mizuguchi Department of Nursing Surgical SciencesSapporo Medical UniversitySapporo 060-8556HokkaidoJapan Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineAbeno-Ku 545-0051Japan Department of Surgery National Defense Medical CollegeTokorozawa 359-8513Japan Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Nippon Medical SchoolTokyo 113-8602Japan Department of Nursing Japan Health Care UniversitySapporo 062-0053Japan Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences Center for Medical EducationSapporo Medical UniversitySapporo 060-8556Japan Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research and Education Center for Clinical PharmacyKitasato UniversityTokyo 108-8641Japan Department of Anesthesiology Hokushinkai Megumino HospitalEniwa 061-1395Japan Department of Infectious Disease Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushu 807-8555Japan Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery National Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObu 474-8511Japan Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Fujita Health UniversityToyoake 470-1192Japan Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Mie Prefectural General Medical CenterYokkaich 510-8561Japan Department of Surgery Toyonaka Municipal HospitalToyonaka 560-8565Japan Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Hyogo Medical UniversityNishinomiya 663-8501Japan Department of Surgery Soseikai General HospitalKyoto 612-8473Japan Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic&Gastrointestinal Surgery International University of Health and WelfareIchikawa 272-0827Japan Department of Infectious Disease Hiroshima University HospitalHiroshima 734-8551Japan Department of Intensive Care Unit Chukyo HospitalJapan Community Health Care OrganizationNagoya 457-8510Japan

BACKGROUND Surgical site infections(SSIs)increase mortality,hospital stays,additional medical treatment,and medical *** drains prevent SSIs in gynecological and breast surgeries;however,their clinical impact in abdominal surgery remains *** To investigate whether subcutaneous drains were beneficial in abdominal surgery using a systematic review and *** The database search used PubMed,MEDLINE,and the Cochrane *** following inclusion criteria were set for the systematic review:(1)Randomized controlled trial studies comparing SSIs after abdominal surgery with or without subcutaneous drains;and(2)Studies that described clinical outcomes,such as SSIs,seroma formation,the length of hospital stays,and *** Eight studies were included in this *** rate of total SSIs was significantly lower in the drained group(54/771,7.0%)than in the control group(89/759,11.7%),particularly in gastrointestinal ***,the rate of superficial SSIs was slightly lower in the drained group(31/517,6.0%)than in the control group(49/521,9.4%).No significant differences were observed in seroma formation between the *** stays were shorter in the drained group than in the control *** Subcutaneous drains after abdominal surgery prevented SSIs and reduced hospital stays but did not significantly affect seroma *** timing of drain removal needs to be reconsidered in future studies.

关键词： Abdominal surgery Mortality Seroma formation Subcutaneous drain Surgical site infections

Comparative study of behavior of inhaled samarium and cerium in mice

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Journal of Rare Earths 2010年第S1期28卷 507-509页

作者： Atsuko SHINOHARA Takehisa MATSUKAWA Momoko CHIBA toshio KUMASAKA Jun kobayashi Kenji TAKAMORI Shozo ICHINOSE Kazuhito YOKOYAMA Res.Institute for Cultural Studies Seisen Univ. Faculty of Medicine Juntendo Univ. Inter.Univ.of Health and Welfare Graduate School Dept.Pathology Japanese Red Cross Medical Center Inst.for Envirn.and Gender Specific Med. Juntendo Univ.

Distribution of Sm and Ce in mice was investigated after inhalation exposure to their oxide particles of 5 μm diameter and 15 mg/*** and Ce were mainly distributed in lung,their concentrations decreased with passing time,and their concentrations in lung were correlated with exposure *** of Ce were lower than that of Sm in each *** was also distributed in the other organs and bone but Ce was scarcely *** results suggest that the behaviors of Sm and Ce inhaled were different,although their chemical properties are similar.

关键词： samarium cerium inhalation mice lung rare earths

Rescue of white egg 1 mutant by introduction of the wildtype Bombyx kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene

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Insect Science 2007年第2期14卷 85-92页

作者： GUO-XING QUAN ISAO kobayashi KATSURA KOJIMA KEIRO UCHINO toshio KANDA HIDEKI SEZUTSU TORU SHIMADA TOSHIKI TAMURA Transgenic Silkworm Research Center National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan Biomimetic Laboratory National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

In silkworms, the white egg 1 （w-1） mutant, which is characterized by white eyes and white eggs, is deficient in Bombyx kynurenine 3-monooxygenase （KMO） activity. To investigate whether the w-1 mutant phenotype is rescued by introducing the wild-type KMO gene, we constructed transgenic silkworms with the wild-type Bombyx KMO gene under the control of either the cytoplasmic actin gene promoter （A3KMO） or the native KMO gene promoter （KKMO）. We created two transgenic lines with A3KMO and one line with KKMO constructs. The eyes of adults in these lines were brown, and the eggs laid by the transgenic females were also brown. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） analysis showed that the A3KMO silkworm lines expressed the transcript in the mid-gut, fat bodies, and Malpighian tubules. The KKMO line expressed the transcript only in the fat bodies and Malpighian tubules. The intensity of eye and egg color in the transgenic lines was proportional to the KMO expression level. Interestingly, transgenic larvae with the A3KMO construct had a light brown larval cuticle, but the KKMO line did not. These results indicate that the wild-type KMO gene can be used as a marker gene for visually screening transgenic silkworms.

关键词： Bombyx mori KMO marker gene transgenic w-1

Influence of proton pump inhibitor treatment on Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第1期18卷 44-48页

作者： Masaaki Kodama Kazunari Murakami Tadayoshi Okimoto Yoshihiro Fukuda Tadashi Shimoyama Masumi Okuda Chieko Kato Intetsu kobayashi toshio Fujioka Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Faculty of Medicine Hasama Division Health Science Center Oita University General Medicine and Community Health Science Hyogo College of Medicine Department of Gastroenterology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Toyama City Medical Association Health Management Center Department of Microbiology Toho University

AIM: To investigate the effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment on stool antigen test using the TestMate pylori enzyme immunoassay. METHODS: This study assessed 28 patients [16 men and 12 women; mean age (63.1 ± 5.9) years; range, 25-84 years] who underwent stool antigen test and urea breath test (UBT) before and after PPI administration. RESULTS: Using the UBT as the standard, the sensitivity, specif icity and agreement of the stool antigen test in all 28 patients were 95.2%, 71.4%, and 89.3%, respectively, before PPI administration, and 88.9%, 90.9%, and 89.3%, respectively, after PPI treatment. Mean UBT values were 23.98% ± 5.33% before and 16.19% ± 4.75% after PPI treatment and, in 15 patients treated for ≥ 4 wk, were signif icantly lower after than before 4 wk of PPI treatment (12.58% ± 4.49% vs 24.53% ± 8.53%, P = 0.048). The mean optical density (A450/630) ratios on the stool antigen test were 1.16 ± 0.20 before and 1.17 ± 0.24 after PPI treatment (P = 0.989), and were 1.02 ± 0.26 and 0.69 ± 0.28, respectively, in the group treated for > 4 wk (P = 0.099).

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Stool antigen test Urea breath test Proton pump inhibitor