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NAD＋ Accumulation during Pollen Maturation in Arabidopsis Regulating Onset of Germination

Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 216-225页

作者： Shin-nosuke Hashida Hideyuki Takahashi Kentaro Takahara Maki Kawai-Yamada Kazuyoshi Kitazaki Kazuhiro Shoji Fumiyuki Goto toshihiro yoshihara Hirofumi Uchimiya Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (IMCB) University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan Environmental Science Research Laboratory Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) 1646 Abiko Chiba 270-1194 Japan Iwate Biotechnology Research Center (IBRC) Kitakami Iwate 024-0003 Japan Department of Environmental Science and Human Engineering Saitama University Sakura-ku Saitama 338-0825 Japan Institute for Environmental Science and Technology Saitama University 255 Shimo-Okubo Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan

Although the nicotinamide nucleotides NAD（H） and NADP（H） are essential for various metabolic reactions that play major roles in maintenance of cellular homeostasis, the significance of NAD biosynthesis is not well under- stood. Here, we investigated the dynamics of pollen nicotinamide nucleotides in response to imbibition, a representative germination cue. Metabolic analysis with capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization mass spectrometry revealed that excess amount of NAD＊ is accumulated in freshly harvested dry pollen, whereas it dramatically decreased immedi- ately after contact with water, importantly, excess of NAD~ impaired pollen tube growth. Moreover, NAD~ accumulation was retained after pollen was imbibed in the presence of NAD^-consuming reaction inhibitors and pollen germination was greatly retarded. Pollen deficient in the nicotinate/nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase （NMNAT） gene, encoding a key enzyme in NAD biosynthesis, and a lack of NAD＊ accumulation in the gametophyte, showed precocious pollen tube germination inside the anther Iocule and vigorous tube growth under high-humidity conditions. Hence, the accumulation of excess NAD＊ is not essential for pollen germination, but instead participates in regulating the timing of germination onset. These results indicate that NAD＋ accumulation acts to negatively regulate germination and a decrease in NAD＋ plays an important role in metabolic state transition.

关键词： Arabidopsis nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) NAD biosynthesis NAD consumption NMNAT pollengermination pollen longevity.

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The Ventral Ascending Noradrenergic Bundles Are Involved in the Stress Response to Immobilization in Rats

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第3期5卷 88-95页

作者： toshihiro yoshihara Yasutaka Yawaka Division of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Oral Functional Science Graduate School of Dental Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan

Stressful stimuli induced by immobilization are perceived as acute stress in rats. This acute stress activates corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), resulting in stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The ventral ascending noradrenergic bundles (V-NAB) from the brainstem innervate the PVN. To investigate the relationship between the response of the HPA axis and the V-NAB, we examined changes in plasma corticosterone, the final output of the HPA axis, and extracellular noradrenaline (NA) in the PVN following immobilization stress in rats that received bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the V-NAB. 6-OHDA microinjection into the V-NAB reduced the magnitude of the responses of plasma corticosterone and extracellular NA in the PVN following immobilization stress. Our results suggest that V-NAB innervation of the PVN is involved in immobilization stress-induced activation of the HPA axis.

关键词： Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Immobilization Stress 6-Hydroxydopamine Ventral Ascending Bundles of Noradrenergic Neurons Rat

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Restricted Daily Feeding of Liquid Meal Reduces the Motivation of Rats to Get Food

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第4期5卷 130-136页

作者： toshihiro yoshihara Yasutaka Yawaka Division of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Oral Functional Science Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine Sapporo Japan

To corroborate the hypothesis that mastication affects the motivation to get food, we examined the effects of dietary consistency on the development of meal anticipation in locomotor activity of rats subjected to restricted daily feeding (RF), in which food supply was restricted to a fixed time each day. RF of both liquid and solid meals produced anticipatory locomotor activity. However, the strength of the activity in rats subjected to RF of liquid meal was lower than that in rats subjected to RF of solid meal. These results suggest that the feeding-associated circadian oscillation that developed by feeding with liquid meal is less potent than that in the case of feeding with solid meal. Furthermore, mastication for digesting solid meal might be one of the factors that determine the strength of the feeding-associated circadian oscillation.

关键词： Liquid Meal Locomotor Activity Restricted Feeding Mastication Rat

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