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Pegylated interferon α-2b plus ribavirin for older patients with chronic hepatitis C

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第35期16卷 4400-4409页

作者： Mosaburo Kainuma Norihiro Furusyo Eiji Kajiwara Kazuhiro Takahashi Hideyuki Nomura Yuichi Tanabe Takeaki Satoh toshihiro maruyama Makoto Nakamuta Kazuhiro Kotoh Koichi Azuma Junya Shimono Shinji Shimoda Jun Hayashi Department of General Internal Medicine Kyushu University Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Nippon Steel Yawata Memorial Hospital Department of Medicine Hamanomachi Hospital The Center for Liver Disease Shin-Kokura Hospital Department of Medicine Fukuoka City HospitalYoshiduka-honmachi Center for Liver Disease National Hospital Organization Kokura Medical Center Department of Medicine Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology Kyushu Medical CenterNational Hospital Organization Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyushu University Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu University Saiseikai Yahata General Hospital Harunomachi Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyushu University

AIM:To analyze the efficacy and safety of a combination therapy of pegylated interferon(PEG-IFN) α-2b plus ribavirin(RBV) in older Japanese patients(65 years or older) infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV).METHODS:This multicenter study included 938 patients with HCV genotype 1 who received 1.5 μg/kg per week PEG-IFN α-2b plus RBV 600-1000 mg/d for 48 wk and 313 HCV genotype 2 patients who received this treatment for 24 ***:At 24 wk after the end of combination therapy,the overall sustained virological response(SVR) for genotypes 1 and 2 were 40.7% and 79.6%,*** SVR rate decreased signif icantly with age in each genotype,and was markedly reduced in genotype 1(P<0.001).Moreover,the SVR was significantly higher in patients with genotype 1 who were less than 65 years(47.3% of 685) than in those 65 years or older(22.9% of 253)(P<0.001) and was higher in patients with genotype 2 who were less than 65 years(82.9% of 252) than in those 65 years or older(65.6% of 61)(P=0.004).When patients received a dosage at least 80% or more of the target dosage of PEG-IFN α-2b and 60% or more of the target dosage of RBV,the SVR rate significantly increased to 66.5% in patients less than 65 years and to 45.2% in those 65 years or older(P<0.001).Adverse effects resulted in treatment discontinuation more often in patients with genotype 1(14.4%) than in patients with genotype 2(7.3%),especially by patients 65 years or older(24.1%).CONCLUSION:PEG-IFN α-2b plus RBV treatment was effective in chronic hepatitis C patients 65 years or older who completed treatment with at least the minimum acceptable treatment dosage.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Gerontology Pegylated interferon Ribavirin

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Quasi-periodic orbits of small solar sails with time-varying attitude around Earth–Moon libration points

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 161-174页

作者： toshihiro Chujo Department of Mechanical Engineering School of EngineeringTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo152-8550Japan

This paper proposes new quasi-periodic orbits around Earth–Moon collinear libration points using solar *** including the time-varying sail orientation in the linearized equations of motion for the circular restricted three-body problem(CR3BP),four types of quasi-periodic orbits(two types around L1 and two types around L2)were *** them,one type of orbit around L2 realizes a considerably small geometry variation while ensuring visibility from the Earth if(and only if)the sail acceleration due to solar radiation pressure is approximately of a certain magnitude,which is much smaller than that assumed in several previous *** means that only small solar sails can remain in the vicinity of L2 for a long time without propellant *** orbits designed in the linearized CR3BP can be translated into nonlinear CR3BP and high-fidelity ephemeris models without losing geometrical *** this study,new quasi-periodic orbits are formulated,and their characteristics are ***,their extendibility to higher-fidelity dynamic models was verified using numerical examples.

关键词： solar sail libration point orbit Earth-Moon system circular restricted three-body problem(CR3BP)

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Long-term lamivudine treatment for chronic,hepatitis B in Japanese patients:A project of Kyushu University Liver Disease Study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第4期12卷 561-567页

作者： Norihiro Furusyo Hiroaki Takeoka Kazuhiro Toyoda Masayuki Murata Yuichi Tanabe Eiji Kajiwara Junya Shimono Akihide Masumoto toshihiro maruyama Hideyuki Nomura Makoto Nakamuta Kazuhiro Takahashi Shinji Shimoda Koichi Azuma Hironori Sakai Jun Hayashi Department of General Medicine Kyushu University Hospital Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Diseases Graduate School of Medical Sciences. Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Medicine Fukuoka City HospitalFukuoka Japan Department of Internal Medicine Nippon SteelYawata Memorial Hospital Kitakyushu Japan Department of Medicine Yahata SaiseikaiHospital Kitakyushu Japan Department of Clinical Research NationalHospital Organization Kokura Hospital Kitakyushu Japan Department of Medicine KitakyushuMunicipal Medical Center Kitakyushu Japan Department of Internal Medicine ShinKokura Hospital Kitakyushu Japan Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Medicine HamanomachiHospital Fukuoka Japan Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Gastroenterology National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center Fukuoka Japan

AIM： To determine the efficacy of long-term lamivudine treatment of a large number of Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS： In this retrospective, multi-center trial, 318 Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B received 100 mg of lamivudine daily for up to 36 （median 21） mo. Virological response was a decline to a serum HBV DNA level less than 3.7 log copies/mL. Virological breakthrough was defined as the reappearance of a serum HBV DNA level to more than 10-fold the minimum during treatment. RESULTS： Lamivudine produced virological response in 86.8% of the 318 patients at 6 mo, in 80.2% of 252 patients at 12 mo, in 69.2% of 133 patients at 24 mo, and in 53.6% of 28 patients at 36 mo. Forward stepwise logistic regression analysis showed an HBV DNA level less than 6.8 log copies/mL （P〈 0.0001）, HBeAg negativity （P〈 0.0001）, a platelet count of 100×10^9/L or more （P= 0.0162） at baseline, and a decline of the HBV DNA level of more than 3.2 log copies/mL as compared with the baseline level at 3 mo after the start of treatment （P= 0.0003） to be significantly associated with virological response. Among patients with a virological response, virological breakthrough was seen in 5.3% of 19 patients who responded virologically at 1 mo, in 20.7% of 203 patients at 3 mo, in 27.5% of 51 patients at 6 mo, in 33.3% of 12 patients at 9 mo, and in 100% of 3 patients at ≥15 mo. A virological breakthrough was found significantly more often in patients with delayed virological response. CONCLUSION： Lamivudine treatment could suppress serum HBV DNA in most of the tested Japanese patients. Long-term efficacy might be seen in patients without HBeAg at baseline, in the absence of cirrhosis, and in patients with a decline in HBV DNA level soon after the start of treatment.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Lamivudine HBeAg Cirrhosis

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Interferon alpha plus ribavirin combination treatment of Japanese chronic hepatitis C patients with HCV genotype 2:A project of the Kyushu University Liver Disease Study Group

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第5期12卷 784-790页

作者： Norihiro Furusyo Masaki Katoh Yuichi Tanabe Eiji Kajiwara toshihiro maruyama Junya Shimono Hironori Sakai Makoto Nakamuta Hideyuki Nomura Akihide Masumoto Shinji Shimoda Kazuhiro Takahashi Koichi Azuma Jun Hayashi Kyushu University Liver Disease Study Group Department of General Medicine Kyushu University HospitalFukuokaJapan Department of Medicine Fukuoka City HospitalFukuokaJapan Department of Internal Medicine Nippon Steel Yawata Memorial HospitalKitakyushuJapan Department of Medicine Kitakyushu Municipal Medical CenterKitakyushuJapan Department of Medicine Yahata Saiseikai HospitalKitakyushuJapan Department of Gastroenterology National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical CenterFukuokaJapan Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan Department of Internal Medicine ShinKokura HospitalKitakyushuJapan Department of Clinical Research National Hospital OrganizationKokura HospitalKitakyushuJapan Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan Department of Medicine Hamanomachi HospitalFukuokaJapan Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan

AIM： To determine the efficacy of an interferon alpha and ribavirin combination treatment for Japanese patients infected with hepatitis C virus （HCV） of genotype 2, a multi-center study was retrospectively analyzed. METHODS： In total, 173 patients with HCV genotype 2 started to receive interferon-alpha subcutaneously thrice a week and 600-800 mg of ribavirin daily for 24 wk. RESULTS： The overall sustained virological response （SVR）, defined as undetectable HCV RNA in serum, 24 wk after the end of treatment, was remarkably high by 84.4%, （146/173） by an intention-to-treat analysis. A significant difference in SVR was found between patients with and without the discontinuation of ribavirin （46.9% vs 92.9 %）, but no difference was found between those with and without a dose reduction of ribavirin. A significant difference in SVR was also found between patients with less than 16 wk and patients with 16 or more weeks of ribavirin treatment （34.8 % vs 92.0 %）. CONCLUSION： The 24-wk interferon and ribavirin treatment is highly effective for Japanese patients with HCV genotype 2. The significant predictor of SVR is continuation of the ribavirin treatment for up to 16

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Interferon Ribavirin Genotype 2

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Optimization of body configuration and joint-driven attitude stabilization for transformable spacecraft under solar radiation pressure

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 47-60页

作者： Yuki Kubo toshihiro Chujo Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyKanagawa252-5210Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo152-8550Japan

The solar sail is one of the most promising space exploration systems due to its theoretically infinite specific impulse achieved through solar radiation pressure(SRP).Recently,researchers have proposed“transformable spacecraft”capable of actively reconfiguring their body configurations using actuatable *** spacecraft,if used similarly to solar sails,are expected to significantly enhance orbit and attitude control capabilities owing to their high redundancy in control degrees of ***,controlling them becomes challenging due to their large number of inputs,leading previous researchers to impose strong constraints to limit their potential control *** study focuses on novel attitude control techniques for transformable spacecraft under *** developed two methods,namely,joint angle optimization to obtain arbitrary SRP force and torque,and momentum damping control driven by joint angle *** proposed methods are formulated in a general manner and can be applied to any transformable spacecraft comprising front faces that can predominantly receive the SRP on each *** validity of our proposed method is confirmed through numerical *** study contributes to making most of the high control redundancy of transformable spacecraft without the need for expendable propellants,thus significantly enhancing the orbit and attitude control capabilities.

关键词： solar sail transformable spacecraft attitude-joint coupled motion attitudestabilization

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Relationship between body surface area and ALT normalization after long-term lamivudine treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第44期11卷 6948-6953页

作者： Makoto Nakamuta Shusuke Morizono Yuichi Tanabe Eiji Kajiwara Junya Shimono Akihide Masumoto toshihiro maruyama Norihiro Furusyo Hideyuki Nomura Hironori Sakai Kazuhiro Takahashi Koichi Azuma Shinji Shimoda Kazuhiro Kotoh Munechika Enjoji Jun Hayashi Kyushu University liver Disease Study Group Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science Department of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Department of Clinical Research Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science

AIM： To further evaluate the relationship between BSA and the effects of lamivudine in a greater number of cases and over a longer period of observation than in our previous evaluation. METHODS： We evaluated 249 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The effects of treatment for one year （n = 249）, two years （n = 147）, and three years （n = 72） were evaluated from the levels of serum ALT and HBVoDNA, as biological and virological effects （undetectable levels by PCR）, respectively. Moreover, several variables that could influence the response to treatment, including ALT, albumin, bilirubin, platelet counts, BSA, HBVoDNA, and HBeAg were analyzed. RESULTS： For 1-year treatment, multivariate analysis revealed that BSA （P = 0.0002） was the only factor for the biological effect, and that ALT （P = 0.0017）, HBV- DNA （P = 0.0004）, and HBeAg （P = 0.0021） were independent factors for the virological effect. For 2-year treatment, multivariate analysis again showed that BSA （P = 0.0147） was the only factor for the biological effect, and that ALT （P = 0.0192） and HBeAg （P = 0.0428） were independent factors for the virological effect. For 3-year treatment, multivariate analysis, however, could not reveal BSA （P = 0.0730） as a factor for the normalization of ALT levels. CONCLUSION： BSA is a significant predictor for the normalizing the effect of lamivudine therapy on ALT for an initial 2-year period, suggesting that lamivudine dosage should be based on the individual BSA.

关键词： Lamivudine Hepatitis B virus Body surface area Dose Long-term treatment

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Topic highlight on texture and color enhancement imaging in gastrointestinal diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第14期30卷 1934-1940页

作者： Osamu Toyoshima toshihiro Nishizawa Keisuke Hata Department of Gastroenterology Toyoshima Endoscopy ClinicTokyo 157-0066Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International University of Health and WelfareNarita HospitalNarita 286-8520Japan Department of Gastroenterology Nihonbashi Muromachi Mitsui Tower Midtown ClinicTokyo 103-0022Japan

Olympus Corporation developed texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI)as a novel image-enhancing endoscopic *** topic highlights a series of hot-topic articles that investigated the efficacy of TXI for gastrointestinal disease identification in the clinical setting.A randomized controlled trial demonstrated improvements in the colorectal adenoma detection rate(ADR)and the mean number of adenomas per procedure(MAP)of TXI compared with those of white-light imaging(WLI)observation(58.7%vs 42.7%,adjusted relative risk 1.35,95%CI:1.17-1.56;1.36 vs 0.89,adjusted incident risk ratio 1.48,95%CI:1.22-1.80,respectively).A cross-over study also showed that the colorectal MAP and ADR in TXI were higher than those in WLI(1.5 vs 1.0,adjusted odds ratio 1.4,95%CI:1.2-1.6;58.2%vs 46.8%,1.5,1.0-2.3,respectively).A randomized controlled trial demonstrated non-inferiority of TXI to narrow-band imaging in the colorectal mean number of adenomas and sessile serrated lesions per procedure(0.29 vs 0.30,difference for non-inferiority-0.01,95%CI:-0.10 to 0.08).A cohort study found that scoring for ulcerative colitis severity using TXI could predict relapse of ulcerative colitis.A cross-sectional study found that TXI improved the gastric cancer detection rate compared to WLI(0.71%vs 0.29%).A cross-sectional study revealed that the sensitivity and accuracy for active Helicobacter pylori gastritis in TXI were higher than those of WLI(69.2%vs 52.5%and 85.3%vs 78.7%,res-pectively).In conclusion,TXI can improve gastrointestinal lesion detection and qualitative ***,further studies on the efficacy of TXI in clinical practice are required.

关键词： Endoscopy Texture and color enhancement imaging White-light imaging Narrow-band imaging Colorectal neoplasm Gastric cancer Adenoma Ulcerative colitis Helicobacter infections Colonoscopy

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Ionomic Profiling of Rice Genotypes and Identification of Varieties with Elemental Covariation Effects

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Rice science 2022年第1期29卷 76-88,I0026-I0030页

作者： ZHANG Chengming Nobuhiro TANAKA Maria Stefanie Dw IYANTI Matthew SHENTON Hayato maruyama Takuro SHINANO CHU Qingnan XIE Jun toshihiro WATANABE Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589Japan Institute of Crop Science National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba 305-8518Japan Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8657Japan College of Resources and Environment Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

Ionomic profiles are primarily influenced by genetic and environmental *** ionomic responses to varietal effects is necessary to understand the ionomic variations among species or subspecies and to potentially understand genetic effects on ionomic *** cultivated 120 rice(Oryza sativa)varieties to seedling stage in identical hydroponic conditions and determined the concentrations of 26 elements(including 3 anions)in the shoots and roots of *** the subspecies effects were limited by the genus Oryza pre-framework and its elemental chemical properties,we found significant differences in ionomic variations in most elements among the aus,indica and japonica *** component analysis of the correlations indicated that variations in the root-to-shoot ionomic transport mechanisms were the main causes of ionomic differences among the ***,the correlations were primarily associated with the screening of varieties for elemental covariation effects that can facilitate breeding biofortified rice varieties with safe concentrations of otherwise toxic *** japonica subspecies exhibited the strongest elemental correlations and elemental covariation effects,therefore,they showed greater advantages for biofortification than the indica and aus subspecies,whereas indica and aus subspecies were likely safer in metal(loid)polluted *** also found that geographical and historical distribution significantly defined the ionomic ***,the results of this study provided a reference for further association studies to improve the nutritional status and minimize toxicity risks in rice production.

关键词： ionomic profile rice genotype elemental covariation correlation principal component analysis

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On Exit Time from Balls of Jump-type Symmetric Markov Processes

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2010年第1期26卷 185-192页

作者： toshihiro UEMURA Department of Mathematics Faculty of Engineering Science Kansai University

We obtain upper and lower bounds of the exit times from balls of a jump-type symmetric Markov process. The proofs are delivered separately. The upper bounds are obtained by using the Levy system corresponding to the process, while the precise expression of the （L^2-）generator of the Dirichlet form associated with the process is used to obtain the lower bounds.

关键词： symmetric Dirichlet form jump-type Markov process Levy system exit times from balls

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Effect of Exit Geometry of Tail Pipe on the Performance of Pulse Jet Engines

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Journal of Thermal Science 2006年第3期15卷 263-268页

作者： toshihiro NAKANO ShigeruMATSUO KenbuTERAMOTO ToshiakiSETOGUCHI Department of Mechanical Engineering Saga University1 Honjo-machiSaga-shiSaga 840-8502Japan

In this paper,the effect of geometries of tube open end on the shock,compression and expansion wavespropagating in the tube was investigated numerically and *** of them is a conventional straightshock tube with an open *** other has a divergent tail tube at the *** a divergent tail tube(flaretube)to an open end shock tube,the period of one-cycle process could be shortened and the pressure behind theexpansion wave produced at the exit of the shock tube could be lowered much more below the atmosphericpressure than that produced in the straight *** results suggested that the intake air into the engine wassignificantly increased by applying a flare tube instead of a straight tube.

关键词： compressible flow shock wave expansion wave pulse jet numerical simulation

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